* 1677 – The French army captures the town of Cambrai held by Spanish troops.

Town after town subsequently fell, including Brussels, Bruges, Antwerp ; by the end of the campaign Villeroi's army had been driven from most of the Spanish Netherlands.

A number of other European languages have cognate words that were borrowed from the Germanic languages during the Middle Ages, including brog in Irish, bwr or bwrc, meaning " wall, rampart " in Welsh, bourg in French, burg in Catalan ( in Catalonia there is a town named Burg ), borgo in Italian, and burgo in Spanish ( hence the place-name Burgos ).

The town was called الدار البيضاء ad-Dār al-Bayḍāʼ, the Arabic translation of the Spanish Casa Blanca, meaning " white house ".

In Spanish colonial times, Guatemala City was a small town.

* 1309-While the King Ferdinand IV of Castile laid siege on Algeciras, Alonso Pérez de Guzmán ( known to the Spanish records as Guzmán el Bueno ) was sent to capture the town.

* 1704 1 August ( NS ): ( 21 July ( OS )) – During the War of the Spanish Succession, and when returning from a failed expedition to Barcelona, an Anglo-Dutch fleet, under the command of Sir George Rooke, chief commander of the Alliance Navy, began a new siege ( the eleventh siege of the town ).

There, a new settlement was formed, being granted a council two years later ( 1706 ), with the name of San Roque, and being considered by the Spanish Crown as the heir to the lost town of Gibraltar ( historical objects and records predating 1704 were subsequently taken to San Roque where they remain to this day.

The fortifications, known to the British as the Spanish Lines, and to Spain as La Línea de Contravalación were the origin of modern-day town of La Línea de la Concepción.

Christopher Columbus named the island Santa María de Guadalupe in 1493 after the Virgin Mary, venerated in the Spanish town of Guadalupe, in Extremadura.

On April 26, 1937, during the Spanish Civil War, the town was razed to the ground by German aircraft belonging to the Condor Legion, sent by Hitler to support Franco's troops.

In 1663 Deschamps founded a French settlement Leogane on the western coast of the island on the abandoned site of the former Spanish town of Yaguana.

The Spanish Army Red Cross of Military Merit awarded by General Francisco Franco to Kim Philby at Salamanca town on 2nd March 1938

Such " Cordovan leathers " were a north African style that was introduced to Spain in the ninth century ( hence it is sometimes referred to as ' Spanish leather '); in Spain such embossed leather hangings were known as guadamecí or guadamecil, from the Libyan town of Ghadames, while cordobanes signified soft goat leather.

And Charles Stuart, eldest son of the late King, being informed of these transactions, left the Spanish territories where he then resided, and by the advise of Monk went to Breda, a town belonging to the States of Holland: from when he sent his letters and a declaration to the two House by Sir John Greenvil ; whereupon the nominal House of Commons, though called by a Commonwealth writ in the name of the Keepers of the Liberties of England, passed a vote about April 25, 1660, ' That the government of the nation should be by a King, Lords and Commons, and that Charles Stuart should be proclamed King of England.

) While in the mountain town of Orizaba in central Mexico, she married Juan Jaramillo, a Spanish hidalgo.

Nuoro remained a town of average importance under the Aragonese and Spanish domination of Sardinia, until famine and plague struck it in the late 17th century.

* 1540 – Spanish conquistador Hernando de Soto's forces destroy the fortified town of Mabila in present-day Alabama, killing Tuskaloosa.

These included: Rheinterrasse, Löwenbräu ( Bavarian beer restaurant ), Grinzing ( Viennese café and wine bar ), Bodega ( Spanish winery ), Csarda ( Hungarian ), Wild West Bar ( aka the Arizona Bar ) ( American ), Osteria ( Italian ), Kombüse ( Bremen drinking den-literally " galley "), Rübchen ( Teltow, named after the well-known turnip dish Teltower Rübchen, made with turnips grown locally in the small town of Teltow just outside Berlin ), plus a Turkish cafe and Japanese tearoom ; additionally there was a large ballroom.

* Spanish, Ontario, a town in the Canadian province of Ontario

The survival of a dialect of Catalan in the town of Alghero is a consequence of the domination of the Crown of Aragon ( later subsumed in the Spanish Crown, after the marriage of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabel of Castile in the 15th century ) over Sardinia since the Middle Ages until the 18th century.

Olivenza ( Spanish ) or Olivença ( Portuguese ) is a town and seat of a municipality, on a disputed section of the border between Portugal and Spain, which is claimed de jure by both countries and administered de facto as part of the Spanish autonomous community of Extremadura.

Divided between the new town ( a zona nova in Galician, la zona nueva in Spanish or ensanche ) and the old town ( a zona vella in Galician or la zona vieja in Spanish, trade-branded as zona monumental ), a mix of middle-aged residents and younger students running throughout the city until the early hours of the morning can often be found.

Teeth again flashing back at me, the driver released a deluge of Spanish in which `` amigo '' appeared every so often like an island in the stormy waves of surrounding sound.

Suddenly the Spanish became an English in which only one word emerged with clarity and precision, `` son of a bitch '', sometimes hyphenated by vicious jabs of a beer bottle into Johnson's quivering ribs.

But put them before a situation which they are forced to depict '', -- he was speaking of the Spanish civil war, -- `` and they have no hesitation ; ;

This magnificent but greatly underestimated book, which bodies forth the very form and pressure of its time as no other comparable creation, has suffered severely from having been written about an historical event -- the Spanish Civil War -- that is still capable of fanning the smoldering fires of old political feuds.

" This was borrowed into Arabic as al-tub ( الط ّ وب al " the " + tub " brick ") " brick ," which was assimilated into Old Spanish as adobe, still with the meaning " mud brick.

Extreme instances of persecution include the pogroms which preceded the First Crusade in 1096, the expulsion from England in 1290, the massacres of Spanish Jews in 1391, the persecutions of the Spanish Inquisition, the expulsion from Spain in 1492, Cossack massacres in Ukraine, various pogroms in Russia, the Dreyfus affair, the Final Solution by Hitler's Germany, official Soviet anti-Jewish policies and the Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries.

* 1898 – Spanish – American War: Spanish and American forces engaged in a mock battle for Manila, after which the Spanish commander surrendered in order to keep the city out of Filipino rebel hands.

One of the few Inca sites the Spanish never found in their conquest was Machu Picchu, which lay hidden on a peak on the eastern edge of the Andes where they descend to the Amazon.

Their name derives from the Spanish el lagarto, which means " the lizard ".

Another place popular with children is the Parque Papagayo which is a large family park which has life-sized replicas of a Spanish galleon and the space shuttle Columbia, three artificial lakes, aviary, skating rink, rides, go-karts and more.

The Spanish parliament chose amongst several candidates, including a French Prince, which led to the Franco-Prussian War, when Bismarck refused to have another Frenchman in the Spanish Throne.

The King ran an office for captives from the Royal Palace, which leveraged the Spanish diplomatic and military network abroad to intercede for thousands of prisoners-of-war, receiving and answering letters from Europe.

Her symbolic role in this unique mission to the Spanish Court was intended to emphasize the international links which were forged by her 16th-century ancestor, Ieyasu Tokugawa.

In the 15th century, Leonor López de Córdoba, a Spanish noblewoman, wrote her Memorias, which may be the first autobiography in Castillian.

Spanish Adoptionism was a theological position which was articulated in Umayyad and Christian-held regions of the Iberian peninsula in the 8th and 9th centuries.

The Spanish Empire claimed the islands by discovery in the early 16th century, but never settled them, and subsequent years saw the English, Dutch, French, Spanish, and Danish all jostling for control of the region, which became a notorious haunt for pirates.

The Basque Autonomous Community is an administrative entity within the binational ethnographic Basque Country incorporating the traditional Spanish provinces of Biscay, Gipuzkoa, and Álava, which retain their existence as politico-administrative divisions.

In most areas of the Basque Country, the educational Model D, where all subjects are taught in Basque, except " Spanish language and literature " ( which is taught in Spanish ) is now the predominant model.