The original saṅgha split into the first early schools ( generally believed to be the Sthaviravādins and the Mahāsaṃghikas ) a significant number of years after the death of Gautama Buddha.

According to this doctrine, the universe was ruled by Heaven, T'ien -- as a natural force, or in the personification of a Supreme Sky-god -- governing all things by means of a process called the Tao, which can be roughly interpreted as `` the Order of the Universe '' or `` the Universal Way ''.

He digested, interpreted and systematized the whole of Aristotle's works, gleaned from the Latin translations and notes of the Arabian commentators, in accordance with Church doctrine.

Tao () literally means " way ", but can also be interpreted as road, channel, path, doctrine, or line.

In the Reconstruction era, the Chase, Waite, and Fuller Courts ( 1864 – 1910 ) interpreted the new Civil War amendments to the Constitution and developed the doctrine of substantive due process ( Lochner v. New York ; Adair v. United States ).

Scholars have occasionally interpreted Lord Coke's ruling in Dr. Bonham's Case as implying the possibility of judicial review, but by the 1870s, Lord Campbell was dismissing judicial review as " a foolish doctrine alleged to have been laid down extra-judicially in Dr. Bonham's Case ..., a conundrum ought to have been laughed at.

Nevertheless, some statements of the doctrine are interpreted as a denial of the doctrine as understood by other groups.

In the famous Factortame case, the House of Lords ( Lord Bridge ) has interpreted this provision as inserting an implied clause into all UK statutes that they shall not apply where they conflict with European law, in what was seen as a major departure from the English constitutional doctrine of Parliamentary Sovereignty ( see Factortame: Sovereignty and the EU ).

In response, Cardinal John Henry Newman's Tract 90 attempted to show that the Articles could be interpreted in a way less hostile to Roman Catholic doctrine.

In Anglican discourse, the Articles are regularly cited and interpreted to clarify doctrine and practice.

The campaign was a complete success, convincing the English people that such a plan really existed ; it was greatly aided by the decision by Charles's brother James, the Duke of York, to lay down his position as Lord High Admiral, which was generally ( and correctly ) interpreted as a sign that James had in secret become a Catholic and was therefore unable to abjure the transubstantiation doctrine, as the Test Act demanded of all officials.

Emptiness (" positively " interpreted ) is also an important element of the Buddha nature literature, which played a formative role in the evolution of subsequent Mahāyāna doctrine and practice.

An outgrowth of the Great Revival of 1800, also called the Second Great Awakening, the new denomination arose to minister to the spiritual needs of a pioneer people who turned from the doctrine of predestination as they interpreted it to embrace the so-called " Whosoever Will " gospel of the new church.

He digested, interpreted and systematized the whole of Aristotle's works, gleaned from the Latin translations and notes of the Arabian commentators, in accordance with Church doctrine.

Accompanying that doctrine was the doctrine of reserved State powers, which was based on the principle that the powers of the Australian parliament should be interpreted narrowly, to avoid intruding on areas of power traditionally exercise by the state parliaments.

The Absurdity doctrine is a doctrine in legal theory, also known as " Scrivner's Error "; in which American courts have interpreted statutes contrary to their plain meaning in order to avoid absurd legal conclusions.

The origins of the nondelegation doctrine, as interpreted in U. S., can be traced back to, at least, 1690, when John Locke wrote:

As Porphyry's most influential contribution to philosophy, the Introduction to Categories incorporated Aristotle's logic into Neoplatonism, in particular the doctrine of the categories of being interpreted in terms of entities ( in later philosophy, " universal ").

:: Some historians believe that the zodiac man can be reasonably interpreted in terms of late medieval medical doctrine.

Jimmy Yu has shown that self-immolation cannot be interpreted based on Buddhist doctrine and beliefs alone but the practice must be understood in the larger context of the Chinese religious landscape.

Since Brown v. Board of Education ( 1954 ), Justice Harlan's dissent in Plessy has been vindicated as a matter of legal doctrine, and the clause has been interpreted as imposing a general restraint on the government's power to discriminate against people based on their membership in certain classes, including those based on race and sex ( see below ).

# The Church unequivocally hold the doctrine of the Trinity as interpreted by the creed of Nicea, Constantinople and Ephesus.

Their President, Jefferson Davis, interpreted their Constitution to mean that it `` admits of no coerced association '', but this remained so doubtful that `` there were frequent demands that the right to secede be put into the Constitution ''.

But if every historian were to assert that Queen Elizabeth was observed walking around happy and healthy after her funeral, and then interpreted that to mean that they had risen from the dead, then we'd have reason to appeal to natural laws in order to dispute their interpretation.

Scholars have interpreted this to mean that Banquo has been dreaming of murdering the king as Macbeth's accomplice in order to take the throne for his own family, as the Three Witches prophesied to him.

The specific name musculus is Latin and could mean " muscle ", but it can also be interpreted as " little mouse ".

This is an obscure prophecy, but in combination with other passages, it has been interpreted to mean that the " prince who is to come " will make a seven-year covenant with Israel that will allow the rebuilding of the temple and the reinstitution of sacrifices, but “ in the middle of the week ,” he will break the agreement and set up an idol of himself in the temple and force people to worship it — the “ abomination of desolation .” Paul writes:

" Cyril had apparently understood the Greek word physis to mean approximately what the Latin word persona ( person ) means, while most Greek theologians would have interpreted that word to mean natura ( nature ).

Daena has been used to mean religion, faith, law, even worship as a translation for the Hindu and Buddhist term Dharma, often interpreted as " duty " or social order, right conduct, or virtue.

Some have interpreted apostasy to mean a number of different things, such as a group of Christians in one sect leaving for another more conservative sect, one of which the author disapproves.

R ' Nachman Krochmal suggests that the term " son of David " should be interpreted to mean " descendant of David ".

The emperor's aunt, Yamato-to-to-hi-momoso-hime was also skilled at clairvoyancy and interpreted this to mean that Take-hani-yasu-hiko ( a prince of Emperor Kōgen ) was plotting an insurrection ).

Here Person ( x ) is interpreted to mean x is a person, Time ( y ) to mean that y is a moment of time, and Canfool ( x, y ) to mean that ( person ) x can be fooled at ( time ) y.

On the other hand, a non-logical predicate symbol such as Phil ( x ) could be interpreted to mean " x is a philosopher ", " x is a man named Philip ", or any other unary predicate, depending on the interpretation at hand.

He interpreted the deaths-head symbol to mean solidarity to the cause and a commitment unto death.

" The courts interpreted this to mean that physicians could prescribe narcotics to patients in the course of normal treatment, but not for the treatment of addiction.

" This clause was interpreted after 1917 to mean that a doctor could not prescribe opiates to an addict, since addiction was not considered a disease.

Hawking interpreted this to mean that when black holes absorb some photons in a pure state described by a wave function, they re-emit new photons in a thermal mixed state described by a density matrix.

" Gravely disabled " has usually been interpreted to mean that the person is unable on his own to obtain adequate food, shelter and clothing.

Genesis 10: 5 was often interpreted to mean that the peoples of Europe were descended from Japheth.

This was initially interpreted to mean that the medium drags the aether along, with a portion of the medium's velocity, but that understanding became very problematic after Wilhelm Veltmann demonstrated that the index n in Fresnel's formula depended upon the wavelength of light, so that the aether could not be moving at a wavelength-independent speed.

The terms " Utah Mormon " and " Missouri Mormon " can be problematic if interpreted to mean more than the location of the various groups ' headquarters.

The geometric mean is an average that is useful for sets of positive numbers that are interpreted according to their product and not their sum ( as is the case with the arithmetic mean ) e. g. rates of growth.