Linguists also suggest that Substratum of Marathi and Konkani is more closely related to Dravidian Kannada.

* Substratum, in linguistics, a language that influences but is supplanted by a second language

* Substratum words found in Romanian, the language that is spoken today in most of the region once occupied by Dacian-speakers.

The T / K Languages: A New Substratum.

The independence of Pakistan in 1947 saw the settlement of the what is now the largest ethnic community in the city, the Muhajirs who migrated from India in search of a Muslim homeland and settled in Pakistan, that's why the culture of Karachi is very similar to any Indian Muslim dominant city and the city's first language is Urdu because of these Muhajir unlike other parts of the country Most properties vacated by Hindus were granted to Urdu-speaking Muslim migrants who had migrated from India, Known as Muhajirs, their descendants now form the majority of Karachi's residents, these Mohajirs of Urdu, Gujrati, Marathi, Konkani Muslims from India and Bengali origin are around 13 million.

In Goa, Konkani is the sole official language ; however, Marathi may also be used for all official purposes.

Other vernacular names include Nimm ( Punjabi ), Vembu ( Tamil ), Arya Veppu ( Malayalam ), Azad Dirakht ( Persian ), Nimba, Arishta, Picumarda ( Sanskrit, Oriya ), Limdo ( Gujarati language ) Kadu-Limba ( Marathi ), Dongoyaro ( in some Nigerian languages ), Margosa, Neem ( نيم ) ( Arabic ), Nimtree, Vepu ( వ ే ప ు), Vempu ( வ ே ம ் ப ு), Vepa ( వ ే ప ) ( Telugu ), Bevu ( ಕಹ ಿ ಬ ೇ ವ ು ( Kannada ), Kodu nimb ( Konkani ), ක ො හ ො ඹ ( Kohomba, Sinhala ), Tamar ( Burmese ), sầu đâu, xoan Ấn Độ ( Vietnamese ), ស ្ ដ ៅ ( Sdao, Khmer ), สะเดา ( Sadao, Thai ), אזדרכת ( Hebrew ), " Maliyirinin " ( Bambara language ) and Paraiso ( Spanish ).

The official language of the Union of India is Hindi, with 21 other regional languages holding co-official status, including: Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu.

The Konkani language in Kerala is also sometimes written in the Malayalam script ,< ref name =" Lo ">— According to ISO 639-3 and Ethnologue, Konkani (< tt > knn </ tt >) and Goan Konkani (< tt > gom </ tt >) are two dialects.

The above source says that the Malayalam script is sometimes used to write the Konkani language in Kerala .</ ref > though relatively rarely.

# REDIRECT Konkani language

* Thomas Stephens-Arte da lingoa Canarim, a grammar of the Konkani language,

Dakhini was the lingua franca of the Muslims of Deccan, chiefly living in Hyderabad state, Mysore state and the Hyderabad – Karnataka Region, covering most of Deccan plateau except for Moplah Muslims of Kerala and the Labbewaar Muslims in Tamil Nadu in the south, to the Beary Bhashe language and Konkani speaking Muslims along the western coast of Karnataka, Goa and Maharashtra.

He was the editor of a Konkani language monthly Konkani Yuvak ( Konkani Youth ) in 1949.

Konkani ( Devanāgarī:, ), is an Indo-Aryan language belonging to the Indo-European family of languages and is spoken on the western coast of India.

Konkani is a member of the southern Indo-Aryan language group.

These primitive Australoid tribes, once were pre-historic inhabitants of Goa and Konkan. Nothing more is known about the. Modern communities like Gaudes, Kunbis, Mahars of Konkan today are supposed to be the modern representatives of Proto-Australoids. Originally hunter-gatherers later developed a primitive form of agriculture. Few Konkani words related to agriculture find their roots in Proto-Australoid dialects, e. g.: kumeri-type of farming, mer-field boundary, zonn-share of the surplus production, khazan-type of farm land, kudd-room, body, khomp-hut. These tribes from Konkan speaking early Dravidian languages ( see: Kurukh language ) are believed to be the Mediterraneans. Historians ( Sbjobreg1990: 48 ) maintain that the paleo-Mediterraneans who came to India from north-west passes as early Dravidians formed a heterogeneous racial sub-type. These Mediterraneans or Dravidians as many historians call them, knew the craft of systematized agriculture, and inhabited most of the neolithic India.

Many of them spoke Indo-Aryan Prakrit vernacular languages, akin to Vedic Sanskrit, still some spoke Dravidian, Desi dialects. Thus the ancient of Konkani Prakrit was born as a confluence of the Indo-Aryan dialects while accepting many words from the Dravidian speech. Some linguists associate Shauraseni to be its progenitor whereas some call it Paisaci. The influence of Paisachi over Konkani can be proved from the findings of Dr. Taraporewala who, in his book Elements of Science of Languages, Calcutta University, he ascertains that Konkani shows many Dardic features which are found in present day Kashmiri language.

Immigrants spoke various vernaculars, which led to an admixture of features of Eastern and Western Prakrits. It was substantially influenced later by Magadhi Prakrit and the overtones of Pali ( the liturgical language of the Buddhists ) that played a very important role in development of Konkani Apabhramsha grammar and vocabulary.

Specifically in the District of Sindhudurg at Malvan Spoken language is ' Malvani ' or ' Konkani '.

In western and coastal India, during weddings of the Marathi and Konkani people turmeric tubers are tied with strings by the couple to their wrists during a ceremony called Kankanabandhana.

In Oriya, it is called tentuli, in Hindi it is called imli ( इमल ी); in Rajasthani, it is known as aamli ( आम ् ल ी); in Gujarati the amli, and Marathi and Konkani the chinch ; in Kannada it is called hunase ( ಹ ು ಣಸ ೆ), Telugu chintachettu ( tree ) and chintapandu ( fruit extract.

The place is called as Saibachem Goem ( referring to St. Francis Xavier as Saib i. e. Master ), Pornem Goem, Adlem Goem or just Goem in Konkani.

The garment has numerous other names such as, ଧ ୋ ତ ି Dhotī in Oriya, called ધ ૉ ત િ ય ુ Dhotiyu in Gujarati, চওৰক ী য ় ক া Suriya in Assamese, ধ ু ত ি Dhuti in Bengali, ಢ ೊ ತ ಿ/ ಕಛ ್ ಛ ೆ ಪನ ್ ಛ ೆ Dhoti or Kachche Panche in Kannada ,‌ Dhotar, Angostar, Aad-neschey or Pudve in Konkani, മ ു ണ ് ട ് Mundu in Malayalam, ధ ో త ీ/ ప ం చ ె Dhoti or Pancha in Telugu, ध ो तर Dhotar in Marathi, ਲ ਼ਾ ਛ Laacha in Punjabi and " Mardaani " in cities of UP, Bihar, Terai, வ ே ட ் ட ி vEtti or வ ே ஷ ் ட ி vEshti in Tamil.

Shenai players were / are an integral part of Goan / Konkani and temples along the western coast and the players are called as Vajantri and they were alloted lands for services rendered for the temples.

Studying early Maharashtri compilations many linguists have called Konkani as the first-born daughter of Maharashtri.

: णव nine. Archaic Konkani born out of Shauraseni vernacular Prakrit at the earlier stage of the evolution and later Maharashtri prakrit, commonly spoken until 875 CE at its later phase ultimately developed into Apabhramsha which could be called as predecessor old Konkani.

During this period worship began of a mother goddess in the form of anthill or Santer. The Anthill is called Roen ( Konkani: र ो यण ), which is derived from the Austric word Rono meaning with holes.

This form of village-administration was called as Gaunponn ( Konkani: ग ां वपण ), and despite the periodic change of sovereigns, the Gaunponn always remained, hence the attachment and fidelity of the Goans to their village has always surpassed their loyalty to their rulers ( most of them were extraterritorial ).

Devadasis exist in temples in Goa in some form or the other ( prominent Indian Classical vocalists like Kesarbai Kerkar, Lata Mangeshkar, Kishori Amonkar, Mogubai Kurdikar belong to Devadasi community of God, called as Kalavant in Konkani ).

Mridanga or Pakhawaj is a wooden cylinder covered at both ends with a goat skin, and is very important part of Hindu devotional songs sung in the temples and is always accompanied by cymbals called as taal in Konkani and sometimes Zanz.

The standard hymnal of the Archdiocese of Goa and Daman is called Gaionancho Jhelo ( Garland of hymns ) and the diocese also brings out a periodical sheet music publication of Konkani liturgical hymns a called Devacheam Bhurgeanchim Gitam ( Songs of God's children )

A native of Bardez is called a Bardezcar (), in the native Konkani language.

Till the 1940s, most of the Chitpavans in Konkan spoke a dialect called Chitpavani Konkani in their homes.

" It is also called as Ambade in Tulu and Konkani.

* Kavda Curry ( कवड ् य ा च ां मटण ) is an extremely delicious dish made from a local Konkani bird called " Khavda ".

A Kurukh substratum is very prominent in the language of the Konkan or the Konkani language.

Though Konkani shows Dravidian substratum it definitely belongs to Indo-Ayan branch and is inflexive and non-dravidian, and is less distant from Sanskrit as compared to other modern Indo-Aryan languages. Konkani as per linguists is a fusion of variety of Prakrits. This could be attributed to confluence of the immigrants that Konkan coast has witnessed since times immemorial.

Sam Fransisku Xaviera is a Konkani hymn, which is sung as the recessional hymn at most of the novenas held at Bom Jesus Basilica, Velha Goa, the place where the relics of St. Francis Xavier are kept.

Related species are used in the cuisines of Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal Thailand and the Konkani and Toba Batak peoples.

The Roman Catholic Brahmin caste among the Goan Catholics and Mangalorean Catholics are descended from Konkani Brahmins who converted to Roman Catholicism during the Portuguese colonial rule in Goa.

At that moment his father, who sat below the pulpit, whispered to him in Konkani: Hi sogli baji ; cator re baji ( they are all vegetables, cut the vegetables ).

The Kannada, Marathi, Telugu and the Konkani diaspora in Karnataka, Maharashtra, Goa, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Kerala celebrate the festival with great fanfare ; gatherings of the extended family and a sumptuous feast are ' de rigueur '.

Since the Norteiros are ethnic Konkani people, the substrate of the Daman creole is likely to be Konkani.

The main languages spoken in this area are Tulu and Konkani.

There are different views as to the origin of the word Konkan and hence Konkani

Some examples of Konkani words of Dravidian origin are: tandul-rice, naall-coconut, madval-washerman, choru-cooked rice, methi-fenugreek, mulo-raddish, chinch-tamarind, vayange-brinjal, bel, pal-house lizard.