The active sponsor of Jefferson's measure for religious liberty in Virginia, Madison played the most influential single role in the drafting of the Constitution and in securing its ratification in Virginia, founded the first political party in American history, and, as Jefferson's Secretary of State and his successor in the Presidency, guided the nation through the troubled years of our second war with Britain.

He had taken out first papers for American citizenship ; ;

On one visit he stopped at the office of the American, where he was known surreptitiously as `` the Great White Chief '', and for the first time met his managing editor, fat Moses Koenigsberg.

This was historic in its way, for it marked the first time an American Presidential aspirant had advertised his own virtues in his own string of newspapers spanning the land.

In later years Josephus Daniels was to claim that World War 1, was the first in American history in which there was great concern for both the health and morals of our soldiers.

It was the first American war in which the death rate from disease was lower than that from battle, due to the provision of trained medical personnel ( of the 200,000 officers, 42,000 were physicians ), compulsory vaccination, rigorous camp sanitation, and adequate hospital facilities.

Obviously, if this club is going to move from second to first in the American League, it will have to show improvement someplace.

Thus, when the Russians sent up their first sputnik, American chagrin was human enough, and American determination to put American satellites into orbit was perfectly understandable.

Independence Day is the appropriate date as a symbolical reminder of the American article of faith that governments are instituted among men to secure to them certain inalienable rights, the first of which is life, and when any government becomes subversive of that end, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it.

His first thought is about the question itself: Is there a question here for American foreign policy, and, if so, what is it??

He is interested in public opinion for two reasons: first, because it is important in itself, and, second, because he knows that the American public cares about a decent respect for the opinions of mankind.

Since the mid 1950s, when urethane foam first made its appearance in the American market, growth has been little short of fantastic.

If one wishes to discuss a literary figure who uses folklore in his work, the first thing he must realize is that the literary figure is probably part of this ignorant American public.

Although it was at the Battle of The Little Horn, about which more words have been written than any other battle in American history, that the 7th Cavalry first made its mark in history, the regiment was ten years old by then.

Over the first five frames, Jack Fisher, the big righthander who figures to be in the middle of Oriole plans for a drive on the 1961 American League pennant, held the A's scoreless while yielding three scattered hits.

The trial will be held, probably the first week of March, in the famous Old Bailey central criminal court where Klaus Fuchs, the naturalized British German born scientist who succeeded in giving American and British atomic bomb secrets to Russia and thereby changed world history during the 1950s, was sentenced to 14 years in prison.

`` Much of the navy's future depends upon her '', an American naval announcement said on the Skipjack's first arrival in British waters in August, 1959, for exhibition to selected high officers at Portland underwater research station.

`` You see, first of all and in a sense as the source of all other ills, the unshakeable American commitment to the principle of unconditional surrender: The tendency to view any war in which we might be involved not as a means of achieving limited objectives in the way of changes in a given status quo, but as a struggle to the death between total virtue and total evil, with the result that the war had absolutely to be fought to the complete destruction of the enemy's power, no matter what disadvantages or complications this might involve for the more distant future ''.

A brisk, satirical spoof of contemporary American mores entitled `` An American Journey '' was given its first New York performance at Hunter College Playhouse last night by the Helen Tamiris-Daniel Nagrin Dance Company.

The Moiseyev Dance Company dropped in at Madison Square Garden last night for the first of four farewell performances before it brings its long American tour to a close.

Gershwin based An American in Paris on a melodic fragment called " Very Parisienne ", written in 1926 on his first visit to Paris as a gift to his hosts, Robert and Mabel Schirmer.

His first generation of students included Alfred Kroeber, Robert Lowie, Edward Sapir and Ruth Benedict, who each produced richly detailed studies of indigenous North American cultures.

In about seven years Griffith either invented or first realized the possibilities of virtually every resource at the disposal of the film maker.

" To fill out the schedule, most types of racing events were invented here, including the first hill climb ( Nice – La Turbie ) and a sprint that was, in spirit, the first drag race.

He invented the first perfusion pump with Charles A. Lindbergh opening the way to organ transplantation.

Today automated flight control is common to reduce pilot error and workload at key times like landing or takeoff. Autopilot was first invented by Lawrence Sperry during World War II to fly bomber planes steady enough to hit precision targets from 25, 000 feet.

In computer science, an AVL tree is a self-balancing binary search tree, and it was the first such data structure to be invented.

* 1827 – John Walker, an English chemist, sells the first friction match that he had invented the previous year.

In 1951 he invented and tested the first explosively pumped flux compression generators, compressing magnetic fields by explosives.

In 1450, the Italian art architect Leon Battista Alberti invented the first mechanical anemometer ; in 1664 it was re-invented by Robert Hooke ( who is often mistakenly considered the inventor of the first anemometer ).

* John Rex Whinfield, chemist, inventor of Terylene ( polyester ), the first completely synthetic fibre invented in UK

Stroustrup began developing C ++ in 1979 ( then called " C with Classes "), and, in his own words, " invented C ++, wrote its early definitions, and produced its first implementation ... chose and formulated the design criteria for C ++, designed all its major facilities, and was responsible for the processing of extension proposals in the C ++ standards committee.

The dandy horse, also called Draisienne or laufmaschine, was the first human means of transport to use only two wheels in tandem and was invented by the German Baron Karl von Drais.

The term BIOS ( Basic Input / Output System ) was invented by Gary Kildall and first appeared in the CP / M operating system in 1975, describing the machine-specific part of CP / M loaded during boot time that interfaces directly with the hardware ( a CP / M machine usually has only a simple boot loader in its ROM ).

Boece's work is the first known record of Banquo and his son Fleance ; and scholars such as David Bevington generally consider them fictional characters invented by Boece.

The world's first computer printer was a 19th century mechanically driven apparatus invented by Charles Babbage for his difference engine.

Later, the Antikythera mechanism, invented some time around 100 AD in ancient Greece, was the first mechanical calculator utilizing gears of various sizes and configuration to perform calculations, which tracked the metonic cycle still used in lunar-to-solar calendars, and which is consistent for calculating the dates of the Olympiads.

However, the possibility of actually constructing a conscious machine was probably first discussed by Ada Lovelace, in a set of notes written in 1842 about the Analytical Engine invented by Charles Babbage, a precursor ( never built ) to modern electronic computers.

The first widespread use of a chord keyboard was in the stenotype machine used by court reporters, which was invented in 1868 and is still in use.

The first mercury powered automata clock was invented by Ibn Khalaf al-Muradi

Curling is thought to have been invented in medieval Scotland, with the first written reference to a contest using stones on ice coming from the records of Paisley Abbey, Renfrewshire, in February 1541.

Steven Sasson, an electrical engineer working for Kodak, invented the first digital still camera using a Fairchild CCD in 1975.

The first true electronic vacuum tubes, invented around 1906, used this hot cathode technique, and they superseded Crookes tubes.

Code coverage was among the first methods invented for systematic software testing.

At the end of the 18th century, the first form of solid chocolate was invented in Turin by Doret.