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Page "Foreign relations of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi" ¶ 73
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UN and imposed
During the latter part of the 1990s the UN considered relaxing the sanctions imposed because of the hardships suffered by ordinary Iraqis.
After Sudanese intelligence services were implicated in an assassination attempt on the President of Egypt, UN economic sanctions were imposed on Sudan, a very poor country, and Turabi fell from favor.
The United Nations imposed sanctions on Libya for these two acts ( with UN Security Council Resolutions 731, 748 and 883 ).
It also accused Somali officials of collaborating with pirates, UN contractors of helping insurgents, and the Eritrean government of still supporting rebel groups in southern Somalia despite earlier sanctions imposed on the former.
Switzerland also has joined UN economic sanctions imposed on Libya, Sierra Leone, UNITA ( Angola ), Liberia, and Serbia / Montenegro.
While supporting the UN sanctions imposed following airline bombings, Tunisia has been careful to maintain positive relations with its neighbor.
In 2000, the UN Security Council imposed an arms embargo against military support to the Taliban, with UN officials explicitly singling out Pakistan.
In response, the UN imposed sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in May 1992, which led to political isolation, economic decline and hyperinflation of the Yugoslav dinar.
This is also a response to the UN's sanctions that were imposed in June 2009, after Pyongyang's atomic test in May 2009, as well as the new UN resolution that any nation can inspect a North Korean vessel that the investigating nation believes is carrying weaponry.
After 1945, as a result of the general prohibition on use of force imposed by Article 2 ( 4 ) of the UN Charter, armed reprisals in time of peace are no longer legal, but the possibility remains of non-armed reprisals ( also known as countermeasures ) as well as belligerent reprisals during hostilities when the law of international armed conflict ( LOIAC ) is violated.
In October 2008, Turkish Airlines launched nonstop service to Baghdad from Istanbul Atatürk International Airport with three weekly flights, thus becoming the first airline to resume service from Europe to the Iraqi capital since UN sanctions were imposed after the 1990 invasion of Kuwait.
Until the UN Security Council saw that Iraq ’ s weapons programs had been aborted and Iraqi leaders had allowed monitoring systems to be installed, the UN ’ s aforementioned sanctions would continue to be imposed on Iraq.
There was sometimes a consensus for these moves, such as with the U. S. and European embargoes imposed on arms sales to China after its violent suppression of the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, as well as for the UN Security Council's imposition of sanctions on Iraq after its invasion of Kuwait.
Obligations were imposed on the government, including significant constitutional reforms, which were internationally binding and would be verified by the UN.
* in listed by UN official documention see Security Council committee determines items, designates entities subject To measures imposed in resolution 1718 ( 2006 ) SC / 9642
The following war in the Balkans, the disintegration of Yugoslavia and sanctions imposed by the UN on all the countries of the former Yugoslavia, accelerated the process, which would, only thirteen months after the victory in Bari, practically leave Red Star without its entire generation of European and World champions and left the big question how many titles would this generation have won.
Following a six-year term as Yugoslavia ’ s Ambassador to Greece ( between 1992 and 1996, Milutinović was Yugoslavia ’ s only Ambassador to a Western state, as, due to the UN embargo imposed in May 1992, new ambassadors could not be appointed, while Milutinović was never withdrawn by Belgrade ), Milutinović was appointed Yugoslavia ’ s Foreign Minister in 1995.
The United Nations imposed stringent economic sanctions upon Iraq after the first Gulf War, and these were maintained partly as an attempt to make the Iraqi government co-operate with the UN weapons inspectors ' monitoring of Iraq's weapons and weapons programs.
There is a United Nations sanctions regime imposed by UN Security Council Resolution 1267 in 1999 against all Al-Qaida-and Taliban-associated individuals which has undergone years of modification by a dozen UN Security Council Resolutions.
A surge in their activities during the early 1990s was largely the result of the wars in Croatia and Bosnia, economic breakdown, sanctions imposed by the UN, and not least the left-wing nationalistic policies pursued by Serbian President Slobodan Milošević from 1987 onwards-through these, the SRS twice entered a coalition with Milošević's SPS.
This was aggravated further by an arms embargo, imposed by the UN on Yugoslavia.

UN and further
The UN Secretary-General has urged " all governments that have influence on Hezbollah to deter it from any further actions which could increase the tension in the area ".
Continued Libyan defiance led to further sanctions by the UN against Libya in November 1993.
Separately, the UN refugee agency made contingency plans for up to 70, 000 further Serbian refugees in the wake of any successful independence claim by Kosovo Albanians.
The UN has not referred any further crimes against humanity cases to the ICC since March 2005.
Debate about Resolution 1441 therefore turns on whether, despite the absence of WMDs and the acceptance of inspections, Iraq failed to comply with the terms of the Resolution, and whether an invasion was justified in the absence of any further UN Security resolutions on the subject.
On the 17th, speeches by Bush and UK Foreign Secretary Jack Straw explicitly declared the period of diplomacy to be over, as declared by Resolution 1441's prohibition on giving Iraq new opportunities for compliance, and that no further authorization from the UN would be sought before an invasion of Iraq ( see 2003 invasion of Iraq ).
Article 98 further states that the Secretary-General is further tasked with supervising the operations of the Security Council, General Assembly, and the Economic and Social Council and is to “ perform other such functions as are entrusted to him by these organizations ” In short, this gives him or her the further responsibility of presiding over the meetings of these organs of the UN.
With the UN actions being seen as ineffective, and further UN resolutions likely to be vetoed by Russia, who considered Yugoslavia to be within its sphere of influence, and with the expanding action threatening regional stability ( for example, the flood of Albanian refugees presented a very real threat to the stability of the fledgling Republic of Macedonia ), NATO decided to intervene.
* Mexico-Mexico supported further inspections, and hinted that it would support a US-led military campaign if it were backed by the UN.
The proposal further stipulated that Navy Island would be ceded to the United Nations as long as the headquarters remained, and to revert to the Canadian Government should the UN move.
* UN Security Council meeting on Iraq ends without forming an agreement on timeline for further weapons inspections or future reports.
It further argues that the U. S. is legally justified in taking military action by previous UN resolutions, most notably 1441 which states that " serious consequences " would result from a failure to disarm on Iraq's part.
The CEB aims to further co-ordination and co-operation on a whole range of substantive and management issues facing UN system organizations.
Important dossiers include cooperation with the UN, the further development of Switzerland ’ s relations with the EU as well as security and peace policy.
Will he further assure me that if such a resolution faced an unreasonable veto by a Security Council member — for example, America — Britain would still take action outside the UN, if necessary, to secure justice for Palestinians?
Federalists had hoped that the anticipated UN review conference ( under Article 109 of the UN Charter ) in 1955 would move the UN further in the direction of a world federal system.
" She said that the hypocrisy was further exposed in the UN Golan Heights resolution that was advocated by the Syrian regime at a time when it was murdering its own citizens.
Biron went further, and stated that as he had been elected leader of the UNwith a great majority ”, he would continue in that role into the election and past it and that the new party would be called the Union Nationale, indicating that the PNP would be absorbed by the UN, rather than a merger creating a new party.

UN and sanctions
In addition, UN sanctions against Serbia ( 1992 – 95 ) and Iraq took a heavy toll on the Bulgarian economy.
In addition, UN sanctions against Serbia ( 1992 – 95 ) and Iraq took a heavy toll on the Bulgarian economy.
The second was by former British Prime Minister Gordon Brown, who has rallied the world community to support UN sanctions against Zimbabwe, denouncing the regime's leaders as a " criminal cabal ".
With the progressive lifting of UN and US sanctions from 2003 – 2008, the two countries have been working together to jointly develop their oil and natural gas industries.
UN chief Ban Ki-moon has called for sanctions against those involved in Guinea-Bissau's drugs trade.
According to UN estimates, between 500, 000 and 1. 2 million children died during the years of the sanctions.
The United States used its veto in the UN Security Council to block the proposal to lift the sanctions because of the continued failure of Iraq to verify disarmament.
Conservative think-tanks in Washington had for years been urging regime change in Baghdad, but until the Iraq Liberation Act of 1998, official US policy was to simply keep Iraq complying with UN sanctions.
On May 23, 2003, the UN Security Council unanimously approved a resolution lifting all economic sanctions against Iraq.
In rare cases, the Security Council can adopt resolutions under Chapter VII of the UN Charter, related to " threats to Peace, Breaches of the Peace and Acts of Aggression ," which are legally binding under international law, and can be followed up with economic sanctions, military action, and similar uses of force through the auspices of the United Nations.
In public, Jordan continued to call for the lifting of UN sanctions against Iraq within the context of implementing UNIC resolutions.
Since the end of the war, Jordan has largely restored its relations with Western countries through its participation in the Middle East peace process and enforcement of UN sanctions against Iraq.
Lesley Stahl asked, regarding the effects of UN sanctions against Iraq, " We have heard that a half million children have died.
Following lifting of UN sanctions, timber concessions have been awarded to Indian firms.
The UN eventually lifted these sanctions ( with Resolution 1506 ) in 2003 when Libya " accepted responsibility for the actions of its officials, renounced terrorism and arranged for payment of appropriate compensation for the families of the victims.
In 1999, less than a decade after the UN sanctions were put in place, Libya began to make dramatic policy changes in regard to the Western world, including turning over the Lockerbie suspects for trial.
Eventually UK Foreign Secretary Robin Cook persuaded the Americans to accept a trial of the suspects in the Netherlands under Scottish law, with the UN Security Council agreeing to suspend sanctions as soon as the suspects arrived in the Netherlands for trial.
The Libyan government eventually surrendered the two Lockerbie bombing suspects in 1999 for trial at the Scottish Court in the Netherlands and UN sanctions were suspended.
The previously suspended UN sanctions were then cancelled.
With the progressive lifting of UN and US sanctions from 2003 to 2008, the two countries have been working together to jointly develop their oil and natural gas industries.

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