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Varangians and their
Scandinavian Norsemen, called " Vikings " in Western Europe and " Varangians " in the East, combined piracy and trade in their roamings over much of Northern Europe.
The reign of Oleg of Novgorod in the early tenth century witnessed the return of the Varangians to Novgorod and relocation of their capital to Kiev on the Dnieper.
The sagas note that aside from the significant spoils of battle he had retained, he had participated three times in polutasvarf, a term which implies either the pillaging of the palace exchequer on the death of the emperor, or perhaps the disbursement of funds to the Varangians by the new emperor in order to ensure their loyalty.
A number of ancient civilizations, most notably the Thracians, Ancient Greeks, Romans, Ostrogoths, Slavs, Varangians and especially Bulgars, have left their mark on the culture, history and heritage of Bulgaria.
However, when Maniakes ostracised the Lombards by publicly humiliating their leader, Arduin, the Lombards deserted and the Normans and Varangians followed them.
The Varangians relied on a long axe as their main weapon, although they were often skilled swordsmen or archers as well.
The Varangians hacked their way through the enemy's circle of Pecheneg wagons, collapsing the Pecheneg position and causing a general rout in their camp.
Writing about her father Alexius's seizing of Imperial throne in 1081, Anna Komnene notes that he was advised not to attack the Varangians who still guarded the Emperor Nikephoros for the Varangians " regard loyalty to the emperors and the protection of their persons as a family tradition, a kind of sacred trust.
Thus, instead of defending their absent emperor, the Varangians were used by the usurpers — proving their loyalty to the throne, if not always the current occupier of that throne.
As the Varangians dealt mainly with Northern Russian lands, their sagas regard the city of Holmsgardr ( Holmgarðr, Veliky Novgorod ) as the capital of Garðaríki.
With their massive battle axes, the Varangians attacked the Norman knights, who were driven away after their horses panicked.
The route from the Varangians to the Greeks was first mentioned in the Primary Chronicle, but its effects were reported much earlier, in the early ninth century when the Byzantines noted newcomers in their regions, the Varangians.
On the Dnieper the Varangians had to portage their ships round seven rapids ( they don't exist anymore as a chain of basins was established in 1950-70s ), where they had to be on guard for Pecheneg nomads.

Varangians and while
Vikings sailed to Western Europe, while Varangians to Russia.
The Primary Chronicle accused Svyatopolk of planning those murders, while the Saga of Eymund is often interpreted as recounting the story of Boris's assassination by the Varangians in the service of Yaroslav.

Varangians and Byzantine
The Eastern connections of these " Varangians " brought Byzantine silk, coins from Samarkand, even a cowrie shell from the Red Sea, to Viking York.
However, those items could also have been Byzantine imports, and there is no reason to assume that the Varangians travelled significantly beyond Byzantium and the Caspian Sea.
Roughly in the same period, the Ilmen Slavs and Krivichs were dominated by the Varangians of the Rus ' Khaganate, who controlled the trade route between the Baltic Sea and the Byzantine Empire.
The Slavs and the Byzantines also called them Varangians ( ON: Væringjar, meaning sworn men or from Slavic варяги supposedly deriving from the root " вар "—" profit " as coming from North they would profit by trading goods and not producing them, which had a negative connotation in Slavic culture of that time ), and the Scandinavian bodyguards of the Byzantine emperors were known as the Varangian Guard.
Basil's distrust of the native Byzantine guardsmen, whose loyalties often shifted with fatal consequences, as well as the proven loyalty of the Varangians, many of whom served in Byzantium even before, led the Emperor to employ them as his personal guardsmen.
About 700 Varangians served along with Dalmatians as marines in Byzantine naval expeditions against the Emirate of Crete in 902 and a force of 629 returned to Crete under Constantine Porphyrogenitus in 949.
Michael Psellus writes that all Varangians without exception used the weapon called rhomphaia, but this is a product of Atticism in Byzantine literature.
When the Byzantine Emperor died, the Varangians had the unique right of running to the imperial treasury and taking as much gold and as many gems as they could carry, a procedure known in Old Norse as polutasvarf (" palace pillaging ").
The loyalty of the Varangians became a trope of Byzantine writers.
While the Varangians are represented in Walter Scott's novel Count Robert of Paris as being the fiercest and most loyal element of the Byzantine forces, this is probably exaggerated.
However, the exaggeration was begun by Byzantine writers themselves, who applied a " noble savage " identity to the Varangians.
Many Byzantine writers referred to them as " axe-bearing barbarians ", pelekyphoroi barbaroi, rather than Varangians.
The Varangians did not return home without a lasting imprint of Byzantine culture to which testifies a Byzantine cross carved on the early eleventh century Risbyle runestone U 161, and which today is the coat-of-arms of Täby.
Varangians of Byzantium: An Aspect of Byzantine Military History.
It contained formidable guards units such as the Varangians, the Athanatoi, a unit of heavy cavalry stationed in Constantinople, the Vardariotai and the Archontopouloi, recruited by Alexios from the sons of dead Byzantine officers, foreign mercenary regiments, and also units of professional soldiers recruited from the provinces.
An important trade route called the Road from Varangians to Greeks passed through the land of the Polans and connected Northern Europe with the Black Sea and the Byzantine Empire.
In the 860s, the Varangians ( Vikings ) arrived and organized a few successful military campaigns against the Byzantine Empire, who eventually defeated them and made peace with them, the Pechenegs and the Polochans.
The trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks (,, ) was a trade route that connected Scandinavia, Kievan Rus ' and the Byzantine Empire.
It commemorates Assur, one of the first Varangians who is known to have died in the service of the Byzantine Emperor, and he is estimated to have died c. 1010, or in the late 10th century.
Nielloed items were mass produced using molds that still survive today and were traded with Greeks, the Byzantine Empire, and other peoples that traded along the trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks.
In the later Byzantine era, under the Komnenian emperors, primmikērioi appear as commanders in the palace regiments of the Manglabitai, Vardariōtai, Vestiaritai and the Varangians.

Varangians and left
Yaropolk trusted Blud and his brother's promises of peace and left for Vladimir's headquarters, where he would be killed in an ambush by two Varangians.
At this point, the Varangians ( mainly Anglo-Saxons who had left England after the Norman Conquest ) joined in the pursuit of the Norman right.

Varangians and including
Maniakes was then proclaimed emperor by his troops ( including the Varangians ), and marched towards Constantinople, in 1043 his army clashed with troops loyal to Constantine near Thessalonika, and though initially successful, Maniakes was killed during the melee after receiving a fatal wound ( according to Psellus ' account ).
" He lost about 5, 000 of his men, including most of the Varangians.

Varangians and some
Contemporary English publications also use the name " Viking " for early Varangians in some contexts.
While some of the Varangians helped guard the emperor, Harald became the leader of the Varangians who supported the revolt.
The Slavic Veche similarly developed from a general assembly into a legislature, and by some theories might have been directly inspired by the Scandinavian institution brought to Rus by the Varangians.
The Varangians accumulated some wealth from its foreign trades.
By the late 13th century Varangians were mostly ethnically assimilated by Byzantines, though the guard operated until at least mid-14th century and in 1400 there were still some people identifying themselves as " Varangians " in Constantinople.
The Varangians served as the personal bodyguard of the emperor, swearing an oath of loyalty to him ; they had ceremonial duties as retainers and acclaimers and performed some police duties, especially in cases of treason and conspiracy.
Vasily Tatischev, Boris Rybakov and some other Russian and Ukrainian historians interpreted the 882 coup d ' état in Kiev as the reaction of the pagan Varangians to Askold's baptism.
According to another legend, some Varangians wanted to hide stolen treasure in the lake.

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