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Vichy and policies
He was a regent for the French Foundation for the Study of Human Problems during the Nazi occupation of Vichy France which implemented the eugenics policies there ; his association with the Foundation led to allegations of collaborating with the Nazis.
Due to his close proximity with Jacques Doriot's fascist Parti Populaire Français ( PPF ) during the 1930s and his role in implementing eugenics policies during Vichy France, he was accused after the Liberation of collaborationism, but died before the trial.
However, their numbers grew as the Vichy regime resorted to more strident policies in order to fulfill the enormous demands of the Nazis and the eventual decline of Nazi Germany became more obvious.
The lack of determined resistance in North Africa and the new DeGaulle policies convinced the Germans to abrogate their agreement with the Vichy French.
Most French men and women had faith in the Vichy government and its figurehead, Marshal Pétain, who continued to be widely-regarded as the " savior " of France, and this generous opinion of Vichy continued until its unpopular policies and collaboration with the foreign occupiers became broadly apparent.
In 1995, Cardinal Lustiger attended the reading of an act of repentance with a group of French rabbis, during which Catholic authorities apologized for the French Church's passive attitude towards the Collaborationism policies enacted by the Vichy regime during World War II.
The aim was to file the whole of the French population and to discriminate them according ethnical or statutory criteria, in the frame of the racial policies of Vichy.
During World War II, Jacques Maritain protested the policies of the Vichy government while teaching at the Pontifical Institute for Medieval Studies in Canada.
After recovering, he became a supporter of Pierre Laval, who supported more reactionary policies than Pétain and had become Prime Minister of the Vichy regime in 1942.
He wrote in favor of the Vichy regime but later embraced a more wholehearted germanophile policy of collaboration and Nazi policies and criticized the Vichy state.
Released on the 23rd, Tanguy-Prigent opposes by any legal means the policies of Vichy.
During the German occupation of France, the Vichy regime, in collaboration with the Nazis and fascist itself in policies and outlook, had an ultra-conservative morality and started to use a whole range of laws against a youth that was restless and disenchanted.
As a right-hand man to Klaus Barbie ( later convicted for crimes against humanity ), de Bernonville participated in the establishment and enforcement of the Vichy regime's program of anti-Semitic policies.
Darnand was the leader of the Milice, the Vichy paramilitary group who fought the French Resistance, and enforced anti-semitic policies.

Vichy and had
All British Army cavalry regiments had been mechanised since 1 March 1942 when the Queen's Own Yorkshire Dragoons ( Yeomanry ) was converted to a motorised role, following mounted service against the Vichy French in Syria the previous year.
Key legislative actions included declaration of the Vichy laws and acts as unconstitutional and therefore illegal, re-establishment of republican legality throughout metropolitan France, election of replacement local governments that had been suppressed by the Vichy regime, voting for women, and implementation of labour laws.
Given civilian status, he recovered his teaching position at Lycée Pasteur near Paris, settled at the Hotel Misgiven a new position at Lycée Condorcet, replacing a Jewish teacher who had been forbidden to teach by Vichy law.
By January 1944, Germany had diplomatic relations with only a handful of countries: Argentina, Ireland, Vichy France, the Salo Republic in Italy, Occupied Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Croatia, Bulgaria, Switzerland, the Holy See, Spain, Portugal, Turkey, Thailand, Japan, and the Japanese puppet states of Manchukuo and the Wang Jingwei regime in China.
* December 24 – French Admiral Darlan, the former Vichy leader who had switched over to the Allies following the Torch landings, is assassinated in Algiers.
The German historian Gerhard Schreiber wrote that Raeder's " Mediterranean plan " was a chimera because to carry out it would have required German diplomacy to make compromises with Vichy France, Spain and Italy that Hitler had no interest in making, and without the necessary diplomatic prelude the plan had no hope of ever being carried out.
Initially they were composed of men who had escaped into the mountains to avoid conscription into Vichy France's Service du travail obligatoire ( STO ) to provide forced labour for Germany.
Although there were previous plans to create Régions out of the Départements, like the Clémentel plan ( 1919 ) or the Vichy regionalisation programme ( 1941 ), these plans had no effect or else were abolished in 1945.
Gertrude and Alice, who were both Jewish, escaped persecution probably because of their friendship to Bernard Faÿ who was a collaborator with the Vichy regime and had connections to the Gestapo, or possibly because Gertrude was an American and a famous author.
In the morning of 1 August, the duchesse d ’ Angoulême, who had rushed from Vichy after learning of the events, arrived at Rambouillet.
Chagall had been so involved with his art, that it was not until October 1940, after the Vichy government, at the behest of the Nazi occupying forces, began approving anti-Semitic laws, that he began to understand what was happening.
* France ( 1940 – 1944 )-The Vichy French régime of Philippe Pétain had limited autonomy from 1940 to 1942, being heavily dependent on Germany.
In 1942, the Germans occupied the portion of France administered by the Vichy government and installed a new leadership, which ended much of the international legitimacy the government had.
The Vichy French had around 125, 000 soldiers in the territories as well as coastal artillery, 210 operational but out-of-date tanks and about 500 aircraft, half of which were Dewoitine D. 520 fighters — equal to many British and U. S. fighter aircraft.
After France had been defeated, the Germans had installed the Vichy French government, which collaborated with Hitler.
Georges Loustaunau-Lacau and Marie-Madeleine Fourcade, who had both supported La Cagoule, founded the Alliance Network, and Colonel Groussard, of the Vichy secret services, founded the Gilbert Network.
The Vichy régime had legal authority in both the north of France, which was occupied by the German Wehrmacht, and the southern " free zone ", where the régime's administrative center, Vichy, was located.
The Jewish youth movement, Eclaireuses et Eclaireurs israélites de France ( EEIF ), equivalent to Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts in other countries, had, during the early years of the occupation, shown support for the Vichy regime's traditional values, but it was banned in 1943.
Although over half of the refugees had been repatriated to Spain ( or elsewhere ) by the time Pétain proclaimed the Vichy Regime in 1940, the 120, 000 to 150, 000 who remained became political prisoners, and the foreign equivalent to the Service du Travail Obligatoire, the Compagnies de Travailleurs Etrangers ( Companies of Foreign Workers ) or CTE, began to pursue them as slave laborers.

Vichy and discredited
The Radical-Socialist Party continued to be the main party of the Third Republic ( 1871 – 1940 ), but was discredited after the war due to the role of Radical members of the National Assembly in voting for the establishment of the Vichy regime.

Vichy and traditional
The FN has historically preserved its affinities with many of the traditional values of Vichy France, including the motto Travail, famille, patrie.
Using his home kibbutz of Hanita as a forward base, the unit frequently infiltrated Vichy French Lebanon, wearing traditional Arab dress, on covert surveillance missions.
The Vichy regime in France, Francisco Franco's regime, the Salazar regime in Portugal, and Maurras's Action Française political movements are examples of such traditional reactionary feelings, in favour of authoritarian regimes with strong unelected leaders and with Catholicism as a state religion.
A last attack was suspected on 13th of May 1941 against Carhaix gendarmerie station after a statement was sent to members of the National Council in Vichy, threatening more attacks if the borders of the traditional province of Brittany were not recognised.

Vichy and France
Riding trains, hitching hikes on trucks across Germany, slipping through guarded frontiers with the help of secret guides, he eventually reached Vichy France, and, by the winter of 1943, was back in Virginia.
* 1942 – Pierre Laval becomes Prime Minister of Vichy France.
From 16 June 1940-1942 the colonial administration remained loyal to Vichy France ( from 1942, under Free French ), but 25 September 1942-13 October 1946 they were, like Madagascar, under British occupation.
In June 1940, during the early stages of World War II, France fell and the colony was then ruled by the pro-Axis Vichy ( French ) government.
When the French public were asked to select which film they wanted to see most, having been told by the Vichy government that soon no more American films would be allowed in France, the overwhelming majority chose it over all others.
Vichy France was established on 10 July 1940 to govern the unoccupied part of France and its colonies.
The Vichy regime sought to collaborate with Germany, keeping peace in France to avoid further occupation although at the expense of personal freedom and individual safety.
After the Attack on Mers-el-Kébir in 1940, where the British fleet destroyed a large part of the French navy, still under command of Vichy France, that killed about 1, 100 sailors, there was nationwide indignation and a feeling of distrust in the French forces, leading to the events of the Battle of Dakar.
In November 1942 Vichy France was finally occupied by German forces, because the war in North Africa was coming to an end ; the Germans foresaw a threat in southern Europe by the allied forces.
* Paxton, Robert O. Vichy France 2nd ed.
* 1940 – World War II: the Vichy government is established in France.
* 1940 – World War II: the United Kingdom and the Vichy France government break off diplomatic relations.
* 1940 – World War II: Vichy France regime is formally established.
* 1940 – World War II: Marshal Henri Philippe Pétain becomes Chief of State of Vichy France ( Chef de l ' État Français ).
* 1942 – Holocaust: Vel'd ' Hiv Roundup ( Rafle du Vel'd ' Hiv ): the government of Vichy France orders the mass arrest of 13, 152 Jews who are held at the Winter Velodrome in Paris before deportation to Auschwitz.
Ribbentrop, a Francophile, argued that Germany should allow Vichy France a limited degree of independence within a binding Franco-German partnership.
* Otto Abetz: German Ambassador to Vichy France ( 1940 – 1944 )
After the Vichy forces in the Middle East surrendered in July 1941, volunteers from the Troupes Spéciales du Levant enlisted in the Free French forces and participated in combat in Italy, North Africa, and southern France.
He was eventually captured by Vichy police and turned over to the Gestapo, which tortured and shot him in June 1944, just as the Nazis realized that the Allies were about to reconquer France ; Bloch became a national martyr after the Allied liberation.

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