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Yom and Kippur
The shofar or keren ( horn ) is the only temple instrument still being used today in the synagogue, and it is only used from Rosh Chodesh Elul through the end of Yom Kippur.
In Judaism it is the Haftarah for the afternoon of Yom Kippur due to its story of God's willingness to forgive those who repent.
Not only does the ensuing crisis rank with the Berlin Blockade, the Suez Crisis and the Yom Kippur War as one of the major confrontations of the Cold War, it is generally regarded as the moment in which the Cold War came closest to turning into a nuclear conflict, or possibly World War III, where it is estimated that 100 million Americans and over 100 million Russians would have perished.
This annual judgment process begins on Rosh Hashanah and ends with Yom Kippur.
Jews have two holiday seasons: the Spring Feasts of Pesach ( Passover ) and Shavuot ( Weeks, called Pentecost in Greek ); and the Fall Feasts of Rosh Hashanah ( Head of the Year ), Yom Kippur ( Day of Atonement ), Sukkot ( Tabernacles ), and Shemini Atzeret ( Eighth Day of Assembly ).
He attracted national attention in 1934 when he refused to play baseball on Yom Kippur, the Jewish day of atonement, even though the Tigers were in the middle of a pennant race and he was not in practice a religious Jew.
Late in the 1934 season, he announced that he would not play on September 10, which was Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish New Year, or on September 19, the Day of Atonement, Yom Kippur.
" Greenberg did considerable soul-searching, and discussed the matter with his rabbi ; finally he relented and agreed to play on Rosh Hashanah, but stuck with his decision not to play on Yom Kippur.
The Detroit press was not so kind regarding the Yom Kippur decision, nor were many fans, but Greenberg in his autobiography recalled that he received a standing ovation from congregants at the Shaarey Zedek synagogue when he arrived.
This is to ensure that Yom Kippur does not directly precede or follow Shabbat, which would create practical difficulties, and that Hoshana Rabbah is not on a Shabbat, in which case certain ceremonies would be lost for a year.
Hasidic Jews praying in the synagogue on Yom Kippur, by Maurycy Gottlieb
* When on an extended fast ( such as Ramadan, Lent, or Yom Kippur ) when basal requirements may be lower.
The first incident occurred on 21 February 1973, during a period of tension led to the Arab-Israeli Yom Kippur War in October that year, when Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114 was shot down by Israeli F-4 jets over the Sinai Peninsula.
* The connection between the lack of an Islamic spirit and the lack of victory was underscored by the disastrous defeat of Arab nationalist-led armies fighting under the slogan " Land, Sea and Air " in the 1967 Six Day War, compared to the ( perceived ) near-victory of the Yom Kippur War six years later.
* Along with the Yom Kippur War came the Arab oil embargo where the ( Muslim ) Persian Gulf oil-producing states ' dramatic decision to cut back on production and quadruple the price of oil, made the terms oil, Arabs and Islam synonymous – with power – in the world, and especially in the Muslim world's public imagination.
Jews praying in a synagogue on Yom Kippur, from an 1878 painting by Maurycy Gottlieb
Rosh Hashanah marks the beginning of the 10-day period of atonement leading up to Yom Kippur, during which Jews are commanded to search their souls and make amends for sins committed, intentionally or not, throughout the year.
* Yom Kippur, (" Day of Atonement ") is the holiest day of the Jewish year.
Many non-religious Jews make a point of attending synagogue services and fasting on Yom Kippur.
On the eve of Yom Kippur, before candles are lit, a prefast meal, the " seuda mafseket ", is eaten.
Synagogue services on the eve of Yom Kippur begin with the Kol Nidre prayer.
It is customary to wear white on Yom Kippur, especially for Kol Nidre, and leather shoes are not worn.
( Yom Kippur, however, is referred to as yom tov – but has identical restrictions to Shabbat.
These terms are generally used to describe the rabbinic fasts, although tzom is used liturgically to refer to Yom Kippur as well.
* The English-language term High Holy Days ( or High holidays ) refers to Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur collectively.

Yom and War
* 1974 – A Disengagement of Forces agreement is signed between the Israeli and Egyptian governments, ending conflict on the Egyptian front of the Yom Kippur War.
It also severed ties with Israel during the Yom Kippur War in 1973, but kept supporting the U. S. on the Vietnam War.
During the 1973 Yom Kippur War between Israel and Egypt, the 9M14 Malyutka ( aka " Sagger ") man-portable anti-tank missile proved potent against Israeli tanks.
Having achieved spectacular successes in the offensive with tank-heavy formations during the Six Day War, the Israeli Defense Force found in the Yom Kippur War of 1973 that a doctrine that relied primarily on tanks and aircraft had proven inadequate.
* 1989 – The Egyptian Flag is raised on Taba, Egypt announcing the end of the Israeli occupation after the Yom Kippur War in 1973 and the peace negotiations in 1979.
* Armed Forces Day in Egypt commemorating the Yom Kippur War – October 6
* 1973 – Yom Kippur War ends
* 1973 – Egypt launches a coordinated attack with Syria against Israel leading to the Yom Kippur War.
* Yom Kippur War commemoration, and its related observance:
* 1973 – Yom Kippur War: Gabi Amir's armored brigade attacks Egyptian occupied positions on the Israeli side of the Suez Canal, in hope of driving them away.
* 1973 – A United Nations sanctioned cease-fire officially ends the Yom Kippur War between Israel and Syria.
Meir resigned in 1974 after the Agranat Commission published its findings on the Yom Kippur War, even though it had absolved her of blame.
He retired in September 1973, but rejoined the army when the Yom Kippur War broke out on 6 October 1973.
Category: Israeli people of the Yom Kippur War
Sudan sent at least one infantry brigade to the Sinai peninsula as a reinforcement to the Egyptian forces during the 1973 Yom Kippur War.

Yom and also
In Hebrew, the word Shabbat () can also mean "( Talmudic ) week ", so that in ritual liturgy a phrase like " Yom Reviʻi bəShabbat " means " the fourth day in the week ".
* Rosh Hashanah, ( also Yom Ha-Zikkaron or " Day of Remembrance ", and Yom Teruah, or " Day of the Sounding of the Shofar ").
It is also used to describe Hanukkah and Purim, as well as Yom Ha ' atzma ' ut ( Israeli Independence Day ) and Yom Yerushalayim ( Jerusalem Day ).
Yom Kippur is also unique among holidays as having work-related restrictions identical to those of Sabbath.
Although often regarded as the start of the Yom Kippur evening service – to such a degree that Erev Yom Kippur (" Yom Kippur Evening ") is often called " Kol Nidre " ( also spelled " Kol Nidrei ") – it is technically a separate tradition.
Many aspects of the day's customs also resemble those of Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur.
Yom HaShoah is also known as Holocaust Remembrance Day, and takes place on the 27th day of Nisan.
It has also published prayer books for Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur, most recently Mahzor Lev Shalem.
The RA has also published liturgical texts for other days on the Jewish calendar, such as Megillat Hashoah: The Holocaust Scroll for Yom Ha-shoah and Siddur Tishah B ’ Av for the fast day of Tishah B ’ Av.
Burial can also take place on the second day of Yom Tov in the Diaspora.
Yom Kippur (,, or ), also known as Day of Atonement, is the holiest day of the year for the Jewish people.
Yom Kippur is the tenth day of the month of Tishrei and also regarded as the “ Sabbath of Sabbaths ”.
The prayer services also include private and public confessions of sins ( Vidui ) and a unique prayer dedicated to the special Yom Kippur avodah ( service ) of the Kohen Gadol in the Holy Temple in Jerusalem.
There is also a commandment to repent on Yom Kippur.
The Yom Kippur confessional consists of two parts: a short confession beginning with the word Ashamnu ( אשמנו, " we have sinned "), which is a series of words describing sin arranged according to the aleph-bet, and a long confession, beginning with the words Al Cheyt ( על חטא, " for the sin "), which is a set of 26 double acrostics, also arranged according to the aleph-bet, enumerating a range of sins.
He also first merged his anti-Semitic views with anti-Israel actions when he attempted during the Yom Kippur War to force McDonnell-Douglas into canceling military contracts that sent armaments to Israel, by buying shares of the company's stock and putting forward the motion at the national shareholder's meeting.
The Israeli Chief Rabbinate also declared a religious holiday on the anniversary, called " Yom Yerushalayim " ( Jerusalem Day ), which also became a national holiday that commemorates the reunification of the city.
The town is also the place where Rabbi Yom Tov of Falaise, grandchild of Rashi held his rabbinical court.
Shofar blasts are also used during penitential rituals such as Yom Kippur Katan and optional prayer services called during times of communal distress.

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