In view of the acceptance accorded the status of motor vehicles for tax purposes, in the absence of any specific provision it would seem entirely consistent to apply the same interpretation to boats or aircraft.

The absence of a personal income tax in the principality has attracted to it a considerable number of wealthy " tax refugee " residents from European countries who derive the majority of their income from activity outside Monaco ; celebrities such as Formula One drivers attract most of the attention, but the vast majority of them are less well-known business people.

A crime ( as opposed to a civil wrong or tort ) is an infraction of a law, and will not always have an identifiable individual or group of individuals as its victims, but may also, for example, consist of the preparations that did not result in any damage ( mens rea in the absence of actus reus ), such as attempted murder, offenses against legal persons as opposed to individuals or natural persons, or directed against communal goods such as social order or a social contract or the state itself, as in tax avoidance and tax evasion, treason, or, in non-secular systems, the supernatural ( infractions of religious law ).

This is hotly disputed —- critics contend that, although government income tax receipts did rise, it was due to economic growth, not tax cuts, and would have risen more if the tax cuts had not occurred ; the Office of Tax Analysis estimates that the act lowered federal income tax revenue by 13 % relative to where it would have been in the bill's absence.

The concept of state tax credit action ( in the absence of a federal tax credit ) that Philip Tabas and The Nature Conservancy promoted in the 1990s has borne remarkable fruit, and continues to expand today.

Grafton's appeal as a favorable destination is due to its absence of zoning laws and a very low property tax rate.

It has also been argued that there is a measure of moral luck in how circumstances create the obstacles which conscience must overcome to apply moral principles or human rights and that with the benefit of enforceable property rights and the rule of law, access to universal health care plus the absence of high adult and infant mortality from conditions such as malaria, tuberculosis, HIV / AIDS and famine, people in relatively prosperous developed countries have been spared pangs of conscience associated with the physical necessity to steal scraps of food, bribe tax inspectors or police officers, and commit murder in guerrilla wars against corrupt government forces or rebel armies.

No new tax was to be levied in Sweden during the king ’ s absence, but Sweden was never to be administered from Poland.

Among the other things, he reported about the absence of capital punishment, the lack of a poll-tax and land tax.

Consequently, in the absence of taxes specifically levied on economic rent, a steeply progressive tax on the highest incomes can be expected to fall almost exclusively on economic rent, minimizing the excess burden of such taxation.

The opinion piece proposed several possible reasons for the economic expansion in Texas, including the North American Free Trade Agreement ( NAFTA ), the absence of a state income tax, and right-to-work laws.

Some childfree individuals regard governmental or employer-based incentives offered only to parents — such as a per-child income tax credit, preferential absence planning, employment legislation, or special facilities — as intrinsically discriminatory, arguing for their removal, reduction, or the formation of a corresponding system of matching incentives for other categories of social relationships.

Only some time later, if the business is profitable, does money return to the business owners — but in the absence of a profit motive, which is reduced in the aggregate by a raise in marginal tax rates in the upper tiers, this activity does not occur.

Despite the King's unconventional methods of raising money, the absence of Parliamentary taxation limited the tax burden during the Personal Rule.

In her capacity as acting governor of Kentucky in Julian Carroll's absence, Thelma Stovall, then-Lieutenant Governor, acting as governor, issued pardons, called the Kentucky General Assembly into special session to enact legislation limiting property tax increases, and purported to veto the legislature's repeal of its ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment.

Notable by its absence is any firm commitment to reducing tax.

In the absence of an election to the contrary, multi-member limited liability companies ( LLCs ), limited liability partnerships ( LLPs ) and certain multi-member trusts are treated as partnerships for United States federal income tax purposes.

: It would be disingenuous to suggest, and dangerous on the part of those who advise on elaborate tax-avoidance schemes to assume, that Ramsay's case did not mark a significant change in the approach adopted by this House in its judicial role to a pre-ordained series of transaction ( whether or not they include the achievement of a legitimate commercial end ) into which there are inserted steps that have no commercial purpose apart from the avoidance of a liability to tax that, in the absence of those particular steps, would have been payable.

The scientific community rejects ESP due to the absence of an evidence base, the lack of a theory which would explain ESP, and the lack of experimental techniques which can provide reliably positive results.

While the thinner shell wall and absence of a central tube allowed the shell to carry far more bullets, it had the disadvantage that the bursting charge separated the bullets from the shell casing by firing the case forward and at the same time slowing the bullets down as they were ejected through the base of the shell casing, rather than increasing their velocity.

Douglas's absence from his power base in the Lothians and the Scottish marches encouraged Henry Sinclair, Earl of Orkney and Sir David Fleming of Biggar, both firm supporters of Robert III, to take full advantage to become the principal political force in the area.

For this reason, the on-duty chrononaut is typically confined to base as the absence of the chronosphere and / or its pilot is used as a means of determining a Backstep has taken place ( and to prevent civilians from seeing Frank vanish into non-existence when replaced by his future self ).

In the context of strategy video games, however, the difference is often reduced to the more limited criteria of either a presence or absence of base building and unit production.

By 1966, the Society had found a permanent base at St Mark ’ s Church Hall, Church Hill Rd, Surbiton, to which it has returned in September 2012 after a brief absence during the rebuilding of the church hall.

The scientific community rejects remote viewing due to the absence of an evidence base, the lack of a theory which would explain remote viewing, and the lack of experimental techniques which can provide reliably positive results.

The idea to use the islands as a supply base was eventually abandoned, probably due to the absence of a safe harbour.

Leto believes that a female army is a nurturing disciplinarian, while a male army is essentially predatory, always turns against its civilian support base in the absence of an enemy, and has " a strong tendency toward homosexual activities.

* Reaction usually occurs in complete absence of base or presence of only a weak base ( acidic conditions and high temperature ).

In the absence of sufficient deficit spending, money supply can increase by increasing financial leverage in the economy – the amount of bank money grows, while the base money supply remains unchanged or grows at a slower rate, and thus the ratio ( leverage = credit / base ) increases, which can lead to a credit bubble and a financial crisis.

The 3-metre-high blocky statue ( see photo below ) which formerly sat near the base of the Pyramid of Moon is thought to represent the Great Goddess, despite the absence of the bird-headdress or the fanged nosepiece.

In particular, certain changes aren't just the absence of classes or interfaces, but actually change the signatures of existing classes in the base class library.

An example of this is the absence of the interface, which does not appear in the base class library due to restrictions on reflection usage.

Starscream escaped the conflagration and returned to the Decepticon base, only to discover that Megatron and Shockwave had returned in his absence, and to receive the beating he had earned from his former leader.

In the absence of the 438th, the 316th Troop Carrier Group used Greenham Common as a forward base.

However, this story is belied by the fact that Mathewson signed on with the Giants ( where he had starred for many years as a pitcher ) as assistant manager to John McGraw ; moreover, after McGraw took a leave of absence from the team near the end of the 1919 season, Mathewson named Chase as first base coach.

In the absence of a broad political power base and with a shattered army, Mohammad Reza Shah faced an almost impossible task of rebuilding.

While the plan as outlined by Hong had many of the components of an annihilation ambush, and the tactic of drawing the enemy out his base areas was a standard communist stratagem, a number of weaknesses were evident including the lack of a means of neutralising the Australian artillery, as well as the absence of indirect fire support weapons for the ambush, and the comparatively small size of the ambushing force.

The Soviet Army's officer-to-soldier ratio was extremely top-heavy, partially in order to compensate for the relatively low education level of the military manpower base and the absence of professional NCOs.

The decision had already been taken to base the new van on the running gear of the company's recently introduced front-engined front-wheel drive Citroën Traction, which would make it easier to meet Boulanger's brief because, in the absence of any under-floor drive shaft, the floor of the load space could be kept low.

Studies show that this group ( on average ) is shaped by frequent moves ( as the family follows the soldier-parent who is transferred from military base to military base, each move usually being hundreds or thousands of miles in distance ), a culture of resilience and adaptivity, constant loss of friendship ties, a facility or knack for making new friends, never having a hometown, extensive exposure to foreign cultures and languages while living overseas, as well as exposure to a wide range of regional cultural differences due to living in a variety of different American regions, a series of military bases serving as community centers, pervasive military culture on those bases, absence of a parent due to deployments, authoritarian family dynamics, strong patriarchal authority, threat of parental loss in war, stresses associated with the psychological aftermath of war ( living with war-affected returning veteran parents ) and militarization of the family unit ( children being treated to some degree like soldiers and being subjected to military regimentation, inculcation into a warrior code of honor and service, frequent exposure to patriotic ideas and symbols, experience of free medical care, and military discipline ).

The absence of a turret also meant that tank destroyers could be manufactured significantly cheaper, faster and more easily than the tanks on which they were based and fou8nd particular favor when production resoureces were lacking.

For Domitian, this meant that a significant part of his adolescence was spent in the absence of his near relatives.

The Cyrenaics taught that the only intrinsic good is pleasure, which meant not just the absence of pain, but positively enjoyable sensations.

In the absence of any symbol radians are assumed, and when degrees are meant the symbol ° is used.

Previously, low life expectancy and the absence of pension arrangements meant that most workers continued to work until death.

In Judaism, the historical absence of political authority has meant that most theological reflection has happened within the context of the Jewish community and synagogue, rather than within specialized academic institutions.

This reduced damping again meant that their tops could vibrate more freely, contributing to the characteristic " humming " sound of viols ; yet the absence of a sound post also resulted in a quieter and softer voice overall.

From there, a combination of the unhealthy Italian summer and the effects of his year long absence from Germany meant he was forced to put off his planned campaign against the Normans of Sicily.

The guitarist's absence also meant that Think Tank was almost entirely written by Albarn.

Some early VCRs would record audio without a control track signal, but this was of little practical use since the absence of a control track signal meant that the linear tape speed was irregular during playback.

The term ‘ fair ’ is meant to denote not only a smooth transition from fore to aft but also a shape that was ‘ right .’ Determining what is ‘ right ’ in a particular situation in the absence of definitive supporting analysis encompasses the art of naval architecture to this day.

Expanding upon his thesis in Hitler's War about the lack of a written Führer order for the Holocaust, Irving argued in the 1990s that the absence of such an order meant that there was no Holocaust.

Likewise, depending on his audience, Irving during the 1990s has either used the absence of a written Führerbefehl ( Führer order ) for the " Final Solution " to argue that Hitler was unaware of the Holocaust, or that the absence of a written order meant there was no Holocaust.

But engellisch also meant English in the vernacular of the time, and so the angelic horn became the English horn and — in the absence of any better alternative — retained the name for the curved, bulb-belled tenor oboe even after the oboe da caccia fell into disuse around 1760.

The guitarist's absence also meant that Think Tank was almost entirely written by Albarn.

During his absence his wife fell ill and died at Marash, which meant that Baldwin could no longer depend on his wife's lands for support.

The absence of a ' gas release valve ' meant that the duke had to slash the ' ballonnet ' to prevent rupture when they reached an altitude of circa.

The loss of the powder and the absence of most of their horse meant the Royalists could not fight another action.

The absence of carotene in the frogs ' diet meant the red / orange carotenoid colour ' filter ' was not present in their erythrophores.

There was an absence of grass and wheat, which meant that he was forced to refuse nine tenths of those who were willing to join.

Any ordinal number can be made into a topological space by endowing it with the order topology ( since, being well-ordered, an ordinal is in particular totally ordered ): in the absence of indication to the contrary, it is always that order topology which is meant when an ordinal is thought of as a topological space.

However, the great number of Chautauquas, as well as the absence of any central authority over them, meant that religious patterns varied greatly among the different Chautauquas.

Despite Oakes ' protests that the vials were meant for pain relief and that the money he had was from a $ 666 workers ' compensation cheque, Section 8 of the Narcotic Control Act ( NCA ) established a ' rebuttable presumption " that possession of a narcotic inferred an intention to traffic unless the accused established the absence of such an intention.