As academic disciplines began to differentiate over the course of the nineteenth century, anthropology grew increasingly distinct from the biological approach of natural history, on the one hand, and from purely historical or literary fields such as Classics, on the other.

In the twentieth century, academic disciplines often have been institutionally divided into three broad domains.

Though respected for their contributions to various academic disciplines ( respectively mathematics, linguistics, and literature ), the three men became known to the general public only by making often-controversial and disputed pronouncements on politics and public policy that would not be regarded as noteworthy if offered by a medical doctor or skilled tradesman.

Biology encompasses a broad spectrum of academic fields that are often viewed as independent disciplines.

Examples of broad areas of academic disciplines include the natural sciences, mathematics, computer science, social sciences, humanities and applied sciences.

Encyclopedias of at least one volume in size exist for most if not all academic disciplines, including, typically, such narrow topics such as bioethics and African American history.

Essentialism ensures that the accumulated wisdom of our civilization as taught in the traditional academic disciplines is passed on from teacher to student.

This philosophy of education is very traditional in the mindset of passing on the knowledge of the culture via the academic disciplines.

In addition, professional-level education is always included within Higher Education, and usually in graduate schools, since many postgraduate academic disciplines are both vocationally, professionally, and theoretically / research oriented, such as in the law, medicine, pharmacy, dentistry, and veterinary medicine.

However, practitioners across a wide range of academic disciplines have also developed the method into a way of recording, understanding, and archiving narrated memories.

Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines, perhaps the oldest through its inclusion of astronomy.

Medical practice properly requires both a detailed knowledge of the academic disciplines ( such as anatomy and physiology ) underlying diseases and their treatment – the science of medicine – and also a decent competence in its applied practice – the art or craft of medicine.

Thus, his importance as a ' translator ' of their ideas to the common vocabularies of a variety of disciplines in the Anglo-American academic complex is equally as important as his own critical engagement with them.

Indeed, postmodernists question the tight definitions and categories of academic disciplines, which they regard simply as the remnants of modernity ( Rosenau 1992, 6 – 7 ).

Scientific research can be subdivided into different classifications according to their academic and application disciplines.

Statistics is applicable to a wide variety of academic disciplines, including natural and social sciences, government, and business.

Social science includes the academic disciplines concerned with society and human behavior.

The momentum from those groups led them to coordinate sex research across traditional academic disciplines, bringing Germany to the leadership of sexology.

* Science, Technology and Medicine as a collective name for these academic disciplines ( as opposed to HSS, Humanities and Social Sciences )

It offers degrees and minors in over 20 undergraduate academic disciplines.

Modern academic sociology began with the analysis of religion in Émile Durkheim's 1897 study of suicide rates among Catholic and Protestant populations, a foundational work of social research which served to distinguish sociology from other disciplines, such as psychology.

The resultant academic and public quarrels concerned the scholarly merit, or lack thereof, of humanistic commentary about the physical sciences ; the influence of postmodern philosophy on social disciplines in general ; academic ethics, including whether Sokal was right or wrong to deceive the editors and readers of Social Text ; and whether the journal had exercised the appropriate intellectual rigor before publishing the pseudoscientific article.

It is applicable to a wide variety of academic disciplines, from the physical and social sciences to the humanities ; it is also used and misused for making informed decisions in all areas of business and government.

ALGOL ( short for ALGOrithmic Language ) is a family of imperative computer programming languages originally developed in the mid 1950s which greatly influenced many other languages and was the standard method for algorithm description used by the ACM, in textbooks, and academic works for the next 30 years and more.

The academic fields studying software are computer science and software engineering.

In recognition of Knuth's contributions to the field of computer science, in 1990 he was awarded the one-of-a-kind academic title of Professor of The Art of Computer Programming, which has since been revised to Professor Emeritus of The Art of Computer Programming.

It is found in an originally academic movement unrelated to computer security and most visibly associated with free software and open source.

According to Eric S. Raymond, the Open source and Free Software hacker subculture developed in the 1960s among ‘ academic hackers ’ working on early minicomputers in computer science environments in the United States.

An encounter of the programmer and the computer security hacker subculture occurred at the end of the 1980s, when a group of computer security hackers, sympathizing with the Chaos Computer Club ( who disclaimed any knowledge in these activities ), broke into computers of American military organizations and academic institutions.

Lysator is an academic computer club at Linköping University, Sweden with almost 600 members.

Several perspectives or branches of such academic dictionary research have been distinguished: ' dictionary criticism ' ( or evaluating the quality of one or more dictionaries, e. g. by means of reviews ( see Nielsen 2009 )), ' dictionary history ' ( or tracing the traditions of a type of dictionary or of lexicography in a particular country or language ), ' dictionary typology ' ( or classifying the various genres of reference works, such as dictionary versus encyclopedia, monolingual versus bilingual dictionary, general versus technical or pedagogical dictionary ), ' dictionary structure ' ( or formatting the various ways in which the information is presented in a dictionary ), ' dictionary use ' ( or observing the reference acts and skills of dictionary users ), and ' dictionary IT ' ( or applying computer aids to the process of dictionary compilation ).

The game became more widely accessible when a guest account was set up that allowed users on JANET ( a British academic X. 25 computer network ) to connect on weekends and between the hours of 2 AM and 8 AM on weekdays.

These are labs designed to meet the needs of specific academic programs that have special equipment and software needs ( e. g., graphic design, computer science, GIS, CAD among others ).

When Telnet was initially developed in 1969, most users of networked computers were in the computer departments of academic institutions, or at large private and government research facilities.

The academic computer society Lysator at Linköping University was founded in 1973 when a donation of an old used D21 was arranged.

Moreover, he became an established cybernetic culture theoretician with his Internet development analysis stressing the roles of the state ( military and academic ), social movements ( computer hackers and social activists ), and business, in shaping the economic infrastructure according to their ( conflicting ) interests.

Tri-Central's other notable information / achievements are: High Ability / honors instruction at all grade levels, 2012 Tri-Central High School seniors received in excess of $ 750, 000 in awards and scholar-ships, senior trip to Washington D. C. and New York City, musical productions by the school's elite choir, and instrumental performances by the schools state recognized gold rating marching band, and concert band, 8 AP classes with many students scoring 3 and above on AP exams — 10 % more than last year — ranked 13th in the state, state recognition for percentage of students enrolled in AP classes — only 35 schools recognized, state recognized academic team, Dual Credit courses as well as access to many on-line courses, 11 school-wide computer labs and 4 student computers in each elementary classroom, elementary athletic opportunities in youth soccer, cheerleading, football, basketball, and wrestling, Elementary music, art, computer technology and physical education classes each week, Accelerated reading K-12 and operation Drop Everything And Read in the secondary, and this reading program is year-round for the middle and high school.

CiteSeer was a public search engine and digital library for scientific and academic papers, primarily in the fields of computer and information science.

CiteSeer < sup > X </ sup > is a public search engine and digital library and repository for scientific and academic papers with a focus on computer and information science.

The system was designed to support academic computing and the teaching of computer science, so a rich suite of programming languages was available.

* Institute of Computing Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the first academic establishment to specialize in comprehensive research on computer science and technology in China

Most of the rootkits available on the Internet originated as exploits or as academic " proofs of concept " to demonstrate varying methods of hiding things within a computer system and of taking unauthorized control of it.

As academic interest grew, dramatic increases in the power of computers allowed practical applications, including the automatic evolution of computer programs.

* In the ABC Family television series Greek, Kappa Tau, one of the show's fraternities, maintains its academic good standing through the use of a computer program that simulates a student, enrolling in classes and getting high grades to raise the average grade point average.