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alveoli and respiratory
The pulmonary artery, in addition to supplying the distal portion of the respiratory bronchiole, the alveolar duct, and the alveoli, continues on and directly supplies the thin pleura ( fig. 8 ).
Found in the lung parenchyma, the pulmonary alveoli are the terminal ends of the respiratory tree, which outcrop from either alveolar sacs or alveolar ducts, which are both sites of gas exchange with the blood as well.
The alveoli are located in the respiratory zone of the lungs, at the distal termination of the alveolar ducts and atria.
* Airway resistance, a concept used in respiratory physiology to describe mechanical factors which limit the access of inspired air to the pulmonary alveoli, and thus determine airflow.
The pulmonary airway comprises those parts of the respiratory system through which air flows, conceptually beginning ( on inhalation from the external environment ) at the nose and mouth, and terminating in the alveoli.
* Lungs: respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli
Most of the respiratory tract exists merely as a piping system for air to travel in the lungs, and alveoli are the only part of the lung that exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood.
Crackles that clear after a cough may indicate pulmonary edema or fluid in the alveoli due to heart failure or acute respiratory distress syndrome.
The respiratory zone contains the respiratory bronchioles, the alveolar ducts, and the alveoli.
The conducting zone and the respiratory stuffers ( but not the alveoli ) are made up of airways.
Often, bacteria live in parts of the upper respiratory tract and are continuously being inhaled into the alveoli.
Alveolar ducts are tiny ducts that connect the respiratory bronchioles to alveolar sacs, each of which contain a bunch of alveoli ( the balls ).

alveoli and bronchioles
Once air progresses through the mouth or nose, it travels through the oropharynx, nasopharynx, the larynx, the trachea, and a progressively subdividing system of bronchi and bronchioles until it finally reaches the alveoli where the gas exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen takes place.
Within the lobes, the bronchioles further subdivide some twenty times, ending in clusters of alveoli.
The anatomy of the airways brings with it complications, since the inspired air must pass through the mouth, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles before it gets to the alveoli where gas exchange will occur ; on exhalation, alveolar gas must return along the same path, and so the exhaled sample will be purely alveolar only after a 500 to 1, 000 ml of gas has left the subject.
The bronchioles terminate by entering the circular sacs called alveoli.
Crackles are often associated with inflammation or infection of the small bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.
* The bronchioles and alveoli are prevented from collapsing at the end of expiration.

alveoli and are
The lungs in amphibians are primitive compared to those of amniotes, possessing few internal septa and large alveoli and consequently having a comparatively slow diffusion rate for oxygen entering the blood.
Shunts can be caused by collapsed alveoli that are still perfused or a block in ventilation to an area of the lung.
* Lungs: The alveolar sacs of the lungs from which the air chambers ( alveoli ) open are called infundibula
Alveolar sacs are made up of clusters of alveoli, like individual grapes within a bunch.
The individual alveoli are tightly wrapped in blood vessels and it is here that gas exchange actually occurs.
These pockets are similar to, but much larger and fewer in number than, mammalian alveoli, and give the lung a sponge-like texture.
Some studies suggested the haplosporids, mostly parasites of marine invertebrates, might belong here but they lack alveoli and are now placed among the Cercozoa.
Alveolar consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge, which is called that because it contains the alveoli ( the sockets ) of the superior teeth.
The elastic fibers allow the alveoli to stretch as they are filled with air during inhalation.
In some alveolar walls there are pores between alveoli called Pores of Kohn.
The surfactant is produced by great alveolar cells ( granular pneumonocytes, a cuboidal epithelia ), which are the most numerous cells in the alveoli, yet do not cover as much surface area as the squamous alveolar cells ( a squamous epithelium ).
* Cavitary pneumonia is a process in which the alveoli are destroyed and produce a cavity.
As the alveoli are destroyed, the surface area for gas exchange to occur becomes reduced.
Pulmonary surfactants are also naturally secreted by type II cells of the lung alveoli in mammals.
In physiology, dead space is that volume of air which is inhaled, but does not take part in gas exchange either because it remains in the conducting airways or in alveoli that are poorly perfused.
Alveolar dead space is sum of the volumes of those alveoli which have little or no blood flowing through their adjacent pulmonary capillaries, i. e., alveoli that are ventilated but not perfused, and where, as a result, no gas exchange can occur.
The quantity of CO < sub > 2 </ sub > exhaled from the healthy alveoli will be diluted by the air in the conducting airways, and by air from alveoli that are poorly perfused.
The basic components of a mature mammary gland are the alveoli ( hollow cavities, a few millimetres large ) lined with milk-secreting cuboidal cells and surrounded by myoepithelial cells.

alveoli and primarily
Sarcoidosis of the lung is primarily an interstitial lung disease in which the inflammatory process involves the alveoli, small bronchi, and small blood vessels.
The alveolar ducts and alveoli consist primarily of simple squamous epithelium, which permits rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

alveoli and .
The entrance and retention of infectious particles in the alveoli amounts almost to an intratissue inoculation.
Macrophages laden with brown pigment were seen in some of the alveoli, and the intima of some of the small arteries was thickened by fibrous tissue.
Over the rest of the cell, except for a diminished mouth called the micropore, the membrane is supported by vesicles called alveoli, forming a semi-rigid pellicle.
The presence of alveoli and other traits place the Apicomplexa among a group called the alveolates.
For example, in the alveoli of mammalian lungs, due to differences in partial pressures across the alveolar-capillary membrane, oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out.
This process occurs in the pulmonary capillaries adjacent to the alveoli of the lungs.
This exchange of gases is accomplished in the mosaic of specialized cells that form millions of tiny, exceptionally thin-walled air sacs called alveoli.
To completely explain the anatomy of the lungs, it is necessary to discuss the passage of air through the mouth to the alveoli.
Destruction of too many alveoli over time leads to the condition emphysema, which is associated with extreme shortness of breath.
Avian lungs do not have alveoli as mammalian lungs do ; birds have Faveolar lungs, which contain millions of tiny passages called parabronchi.
As the children grow, they must exercise to release mucus in the alveoli.
Some of them enter the superficial veins and ride the blood vessels to the lungs, where they enter the alveoli.
Pinnipeds have unique lungs with airways highly reinforced with cartilage and smooth muscle, and alveoli that completely collapse during deeper dives.
Thus, surfactant as an antiadhesive in the regular collapse and reopening of alveoli may be the primary function of the system in pinnipeds.
Dinoflagellates have a complex cell covering called an amphiesma, composed of flattened vesicles called alveoli.
The most notable shared characteristic is the presence of cortical alveoli, flattened vesicles packed into a continuous layer supporting the membrane, typically forming a flexible pellicle.

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