Some early scientists such as Georg Ernst Stahl ( 1659-1734 ) and Francisque Bouillier ( 1813 – 1899 ) had supported a form of animism which life and mind, the directive principle in evolution and growth, holding that all cannot be traced back to chemical and mechanical processes, but that there is a directive force which guides energy without altering its amount.

After World War II, the sport experienced a small amount of growth in the Pacific region, particularly in Nauru, Papua New Guinea and later New Zealand.

Remarkably, the growth of polycrystalline films is often used and preceded by an initial amorphous layer, the thickness of which may amount to only a few nm.

to induce specific growth patterns in that one can easily prepare a solution containing the desired amount of hormone, add it to the known volume of GM, and autoclave to both sterilize and evaporate off any solvent that may have been used to dissolve the often-polar hormones.

As a result, the city witnessed a considerable amount of urban growth throughout the 14th century.

A large animal, the bongo requires an ample amount of food, and is restricted to areas with abundant year-round growth of herbs and low shrubs.

The creation of a supermassive black hole appears to play a key role in actively regulating the growth of galaxies by limiting the total amount of additional matter added.

Hyperinflation occurs when there is a continuing ( and often accelerating ) rapid increase in the amount of money that is not supported by a corresponding growth in the output of goods and services.

Additionally, IRC keeps a large amount of distributed states that limit growth of an IRC network, leading to fractioning into several non-interconnected networks.

The clearance of large tracts of land for crop growth has led to a significant reduction in the amount available of forestation and wetlands, resulting in the loss of habitat for many plant and animal species as well as increased erosion.

By anomie Durkheim means a state when too rapid population growth reduces the amount of interaction between various groups, which in turn leads a breakdown of understanding ( norms, values, and so on ).

Only a limited amount of inbreeding depression from the population bottleneck has been found, having a small effect on skeletal growth in cows and a small rise in calf mortality.

This minimum amount can be predicted using a growth model for regulatory genetic networks, implying that it is required for regulatory purposes.

Urban growth boundaries have come under an increasing amount of scrutiny in the past 10 years as housing prices have substantially risen, especially on the West Coast of the U. S. By limiting the supply of developable land, critics argue, UGBs increase the price of existing developable and already-developed land.

With growth, has come considerable competition and some amount of consolidation.

This bacterial growth increases the amount of nitrogen that is eliminated in fecal waste.

The United States is helping Uganda achieve export-led economic growth through the African Growth and Opportunity Act and provides a significant amount of development assistance.

Indians sold some of their tribal land to prospecting non-Indians in order to stimulate economic growth, but tribal gaming has proved to be the single largest amount of income in the Indian community.

The small amount remaining he took to the Three-Farthing Stone ( roughly the centre of the Shire ) and cast into the air, prompting the bountiful period of growth starting in the spring of the year 1420 ( Shire Reckoning ).

Saving can therefore be vital to increase the amount of fixed capital available, which contributes to economic growth.

For example, in 1972, the amount of chromium reserves was 775 million metric tons, of which 1. 85 million metric tons were mined annually ( see exponential growth ).

In general, the formula for calculating the amount of time left for a resource with constant consumption growth is Limits To Growth, pg 60, Derivation: reverts to:

Economic growth is the increase in the amount of the goods and services produced by an economy over time.

Growth accounting decomposes the growth rate of economy's total output into that which is due to increases in the amount of factors used-usually the increase in the amount of capital and labor-and that which cannot be accounted for by observable changes in factor utilization.

They determined to reinvestigate the motion of γ Draconis ; the telescope, constructed by George Graham ( 1675 – 1751 ), a celebrated instrument-maker, was affixed to a vertical chimney stack, in such manner as to permit a small oscillation of the eyepiece, the amount of which ( i. e. the deviation from the vertical ) was regulated and measured by the introduction of a screw and a plumb line.

While the scientific community was once divided between supporters of the Big Bang and those of alternative cosmological models, most scientists became convinced that some version of the Big Bang scenario best fit observations after the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation in 1964, and especially when its spectrum ( i. e., the amount of radiation measured at each wavelength ) was found to match that of thermal radiation from a black body.

There is strong observational evidence for dark energy, as the total energy density of the universe is known through constraints on the flatness of the universe, but the amount of clustering matter is tightly measured, and is much less than this.

* Dosing, the process of administering a measured amount of a medicine or chemical to an inanimate object or non-human animal

For example, the United Kingdom has the biggest e-commerce market in the world when measured by the amount spent per capita, even higher than the USA.

For many geologic applications, isotope ratios are measured in minerals that give the amount of time that has passed since a rock passed through its particular closure temperature, the point at which different radiometric isotopes stop diffusing into and out of the crystal lattice.

* Add a measured amount of powder ( critical step ; incorrect powder charges are extremely dangerous, both underweight as well as overweight )

The energy ( measured in joules, in SI ) stored by an inductor is equal to the amount of work required to establish the current through the inductor, and therefore the magnetic field.

Originally, the amount of capacitance was measured in number of ' jars ' of a given size, or through the total coated area, assuming reasonably standard thickness and composition of the glass.

Artificial intelligence ( AI ) computer programs of the 1960s and 1970s intrinsically required what was then considered a huge amount of computer power, as measured in processor time and memory space.

The amount of unemployment in an economy is measured by the unemployment rate, the percentage of workers without jobs in the labor force.

Accurate radiometric dating generally requires that the parent has a long enough half-life that it will be present in significant amounts at the time of measurement ( except as described below under " Dating with short-lived extinct radionuclides "), the half-life of the parent is accurately known, and enough of the daughter product is produced to be accurately measured and distinguished from the initial amount of the daughter present in the material.

A currency's importance is currently measured by the degree to which it is used as a foreign exchange reserve asset and the amount of exports sold in that currency.

The amount of time as measured on the ship's clocks and the aging of the travelers during their trip will be reduced by the factor, the reciprocal of the Lorentz factor.

Thus the velocity can be measured from the amount of redshift ( or blueshift ) of the star's spectrum.

In Australia and New Zealand, before being auctioned, all Merino fleece wool is objectively measured for micron, yield ( including the amount of vegetable matter ), staple length, staple strength, and sometimes color and comfort factor.

The amount of inductive coupling between two conductors is measured by their mutual inductance.

The Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal was the first in the nation to containerize, As of 2004, Port Authority seaports handle the third largest amount of shipping of all U. S. ports, as measured in tonnage.

In Scoville's method, a measured amount of alcohol extract of the capsaicin oil of the dried pepper is produced, after which a solution of sugar and water is added incrementally until the " heat " is just barely detectable by a panel of ( usually five ) tasters ; the degree of dilution gives its measure on the Scoville scale.

Flatness and parallelism are typically measured with a gauge called an optical flat, a disc of glass or plastic ground with extreme accuracy to have flat, parallel faces, which allows light bands to be counted when the micrometer's anvil and spindle are against it, revealing their amount of geometric inaccuracy.

Putnam believes that social capital can be measured by the amount of trust and " reciprocity " in a community or between individuals.

Biodegradation can also be measured by anaerobic microbes and the amount of methane or alloy that they are able to produce.

In mathematics, specifically algebra, a conversion factor is used to convert a measured quantity to a different unit of measure without changing the relative amount.

In the ratio, the conversion factor is a multiplier that, when applied to the larger unit, converts the larger unit into the smaller unit, by multiplication with the measured amount.

The standard enthalpy of formation is measured in units of energy per amount of substance.