The Norden bombsight was a highly sophisticated optical / mechanical analog computer used by the United States Army Air Force during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War to aid the pilot of a bomber aircraft in dropping bomb s accurately.

Just inside the perforations, on the left side of the image, is the analog optical soundtrack, with two channels encoded using Dolby Analog SR | Dolby SR noise reduction that can be dematrixed into four channels using Dolby Pro Logic.

The envelope of the modulated optical signal is an analog of the modulating signal in the sense that the instantaneous power of the envelope is an analog of the characteristic of interest in the modulating signal.

That optical medium is 30 cm in diameter, and holds an hour of analog video ( along with audio in either analog or digital ) on both sides.

A photo of a 35 mm film print featuring all four audio formats ( or " quad track ") — from left to right: Sony Dynamic Digital Sound | SDDS ( blue area to the left of the sprocket holes ), Dolby Digital ( grey area between the sprocket holes labelled with the Dolby " Double-D " logo in the middle ), analog optical sound ( the two white lines to the right of the sprocket holes ), and the Digital Theater System | DTS time code ( the dashed line to the far right ).

Image processing usually refers to digital image processing, but optical and analog image processing also are possible.

A photo of a 35 mm film print featuring all four audio formats ( or " quad track ")- from left to right: SDDS ( blue area to the left of the sprocket holes ), Dolby Digital ( grey area between the sprocket holes labelled with the Dolby " Double-D " logo in the middle ), analog optical sound ( the two white lines to the right of the sprocket holes ), and the Digital Theater System | DTS time code ( the dashed line to the far right.

A photo of a 35 mm film print featuring all four audio formats ( or quad track )- from left to right: Sony Dynamic Digital Sound ( SDDS ) ( blue area to the left of the sprocket holes ), Dolby Digital ( grey area between the sprocket holes labelled with the Dolby Double-D logo in the middle ), analog optical sound ( the two white lines to the right of the sprocket holes ), and the DTS ( sound system ) | DTS time code ( the dashed line to the far right.

Also, phosphor may be applied to the end of an optical fiber as an optical analog of a thermocouple.

Ida ran until 1981, when most of the services were dropped and the cables returned to normal analog signals, although an off-shoot using optical cable was carried out in Elie, rotating the terminals though many households in the area.

Therefore no such media deterioration takes place, and the CD will, with proper care, sound exactly the same every time it is played ( discounting aging of the player and CD itself ); however, this is a benefit of the optical system, not of digital recording, and the Laserdisc format enjoys the same non-contact benefit with analog optical signals.

In September 2010, a signal which is closely related to black hole Hawking radiation ( see analog gravity ) was claimed to have been observed in a laboratory experiment involving optical light pulses, however the results remain unverified and debatable.

In 1991, several manufacturers announced specifications for what would become known as MUSE Laserdisc, representing a span of almost 15 years until the feats of this HD analog optical disc system would finally be duplicated digitally by HD DVD and Blu-ray.

* Dolby Stereo ( also known as Dolby Analog ): original analog optical technology developed for 35 mm prints and is encoded with four sound channels: Left / Center / Right ( which are located behind the screen ) and Surround ( which is heard over speakers on the sides and rear of the theatre ) for ambient sound and special effects.

It also has the honor of being the first film released with all prints having cyan optical soundtracks ( the new standard for analog sound on film prints ).

The two-dimensional Hartley transform can be computed by an analog optical process similar to an optical Fourier transform, with the proposed advantage that only its amplitude and sign need to be determined rather than its complex phase ( Villasenor, 1994 ).

The " optical data-processors " developed for this radar purpose were the first effective analog optical computer systems, and were, in fact, devised before the holographic technique was fully adapted to optical imaging.

Analog ( or analogue ) television is the analog transmission that involves the broadcasting of encoded analog audio and analog video signal: one in which the information to be transmitted, the brightness and colors of the points in the image and the sound waves of the audio signal are represented by continuous variations of some aspect of the signal ; its amplitude, frequency or phase.

The analog television signal contains timing and synchronization information so that the receiver can reconstruct a two-dimensional moving image from a one-dimensional time-varying signal.

Close up image of analog color screen

As with digital photocopiers and multifunction printers ( MFPs ), laser printers employ a xerographic printing process but differ from analog photocopiers in that the image is produced by the direct scanning of a laser beam across the printer's photoreceptor.

Information theory and digital signal processing offer a major improvement of resolution and image clarity over previous analog methods.

NTSC and other analog video formats store and convey video signals as a series of “ lines .” Most of these lines ( 483 in NTSC ) are used for constructing the visible image, and are shown on screen.

Because it uses frequency modulation, SECAM is not linear with respect to the input image ( this is also what protects it against signal distortion ), so electrically mixing two ( synchronized ) SECAM signals does not yield a valid SECAM signal, unlike with analog PAL or NTSC.

In analog video or TV systems, this causes ghosting in the image.

CMOS technology is also used for several analog circuits such as image sensors ( CMOS sensor ), data converters, and highly integrated transceivers for many types of communication.

The United States obtained portions of a Purple machine from the Japanese Embassy in Germany following Germany's defeat in 1945 ( see image above ) and discovered that the Japanese had used precisely the same " stepping switch " in its construction that Leo Rosen of SIS had chosen when building a " duplicate " ( or Purple analog machine ) in Washington in 1939 and 1940.

As with digital photocopiers and multifunction printers ( MFPs ), laser printers employ a xerographic printing process, but differ from analog photocopiers in that the image is produced by the direct scanning of a laser beam across the printer's photoreceptor.

Because of the design of analog video signals, which represent luma and color information separately, a common first step in image compression in codec design is to represent and store the image in a YCbCr color space.

However, the inefficiency of digitizing an analog representation ( modem signal ) of a digital representation ( a document image ) of analog data ( an original document ) more than negates any bandwidth advantage of VoIP.

As a subcategory or field of digital signal processing, digital image processing has many advantages over analog image processing.

Digital image processing allows the use of much more complex algorithms, and hence, can offer both more sophisticated performance at simple tasks, and the implementation of methods which would be impossible by analog means.

In 2007, the Lunar Orbiter Image Recovery Project ( LOIRP ) began a process to convert the Lunar Orbiter Images directly from the original Ampex FR-900 analog video recordings of the spacecraft data to digital image format, a change which provided vastly improved resolution over the original images released in the 1960s.

The spot was scanned across the film and the photomultiplier converted the intensity of the light passing through the film into an electric signal which was transmitted to the Earth ( via frequency-modulated analog video, similar to a facsimile ).

In general, frequency may vary smoothly in infinitesimal steps, as may voltage, and both may serve as an analog of an infinitesimally varying physical variable such as acoustic pressure, light intensity, etc.

Historically, video frames were represented as analog waveforms in which varying voltages represented the intensity of light in an analog raster scan across the screen.

The 5200 also featured a revolutionary new controller with an analog joystick, numeric keypad, two fire buttons on each side of the controller and game function keys for Start, Pause, and Reset.

The bilinear transform is a special case of a conformal mapping ( namely, the Möbius transformation ), often used to convert a transfer function of a linear, time-invariant ( LTI ) filter in the continuous-time domain ( often called an analog filter ) to a transfer function of a linear, shift-invariant filter in the discrete-time domain ( often called a digital filter although there are analog filters constructed with switched capacitors that are discrete-time filters ).

Due to widespread cable theft in earlier analog systems, in modern digital cable systems the signals are encrypted, and the set-top box must be activated by an activation code sent by the cable company before it will function, which is only sent after the subscriber signs up.

: These are actually a JFET with the gate shorted to the source, and function like a two-terminal current-limiter analog to the Zener diode, which is limiting voltage.

By contrast, non-digital ( or analog ) systems represent information using a continuous function.

The complexity of such a system is specified by its order N. N is often a constraint on the design of a transfer function since it specifies the number of reactive components in an analog circuit ; in a digital IIR filter the number of computations required is proportional to N.

Its discrete analog is the Kronecker delta function which is usually defined on a finite domain and takes values 0 and 1.

Such devices, called analog multipliers, exist and are used as mixers at lower frequencies, but do not function well at the RF frequencies where heterodyning is usually used.

In analog ( usually audio ) systems, reduction of the dynamic range of a signal by controlling it as a function of the inverse relationship of its instantaneous value relative to a specified reference level.

Signal generators, also known variously as function generators, RF and microwave signal generators, pitch generators, arbitrary waveform generators, digital pattern generators or frequency generators are electronic devices that generate repeating or non-repeating electronic signals ( in either the analog or digital domains ).

For analog TV, VHF transmission range is a function of transmitter power, receiver sensitivity, and distance to the horizon, since VHF signals propagate under normal conditions as a near line-of-sight phenomenon.

The reason for wanting a less steep analog anti-aliasing filter is that the digital filter is not subject to any component variations thus always giving the filter response ( filtering function ) that the designer has chosen.

An LTI system is completely specified by its transfer function ( which is a rational function for digital and lumped analog LTI systems ).

Generally, the air pressure variations are first converted ( by a transducer such as a microphone ) into an electrical analog signal in which either the instantaneous voltage or current is directly proportional to the instantaneous air pressure ( or is a function of the pressure ).

Related to this argument is that the function ( even recursively related ad infinitum ) is too simple of a construct to handle the reality of entities that resolve ( via computation or some type of analog ) n-dimensional ( general sense of the word ) systems.

phase space provides a classical analog to the partition function ( sum

One of the first embodiments of object-oriented software, function blocks were self contained " blocks " of code that emulated analog hardware control components and performed tasks that were essential to process control, such as execution of PID algorithms.

Digital signal resulting from approximation to an analog signal, which is a continuous function of time

Prior to this, the integration between sequencing and synthesis was generally a manual function based on wiring of components in large modular synthesizers, and the storage of notes was simply based on potentiometer settings in an analog sequencer.

The cycloid can be moved by the player's thumb to function similar to a joystick, though it lacks analog response.