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Page "Anode" ¶ 23
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anode and should
The reflection of radiation originating from the anode holder and reflected back to it by the surrounding metal surfaces should also be small because of the peculiar characteristic of the metal surfaces and of the specific geometry.
It should be noted that photoluminescence, due to `` Bremsstrahlung '' generated within the viewing screen by electron impact, appears to be important only if anode voltages in excess of 30 KV are utilized.
The terms anode and cathode should not be applied to a Zener diode, since it allows flow in either direction, depending on the polarity of the applied potential ( i. e. voltage ).
The design of a galvanic anode cathodic protection system should consider many factors, including the type of structure, the resistivity of the electrolyte ( soil or water ) it will operate in, the type of coating and the service life.
A value of 0. 8 indicates that 80 % of the anode can be consumed, before it should be replaced.
Water heater tanks should be installed with physical access in mind, both for inspection and replacement of the long anode rod, and for the eventual replacement of the entire tank.
The mean anode current for a vacuum tube should be set to the middle of the linear section of the curve of the anode current vs grid bias potential.
It should be noted that at the cathode ( the source of electrons ), the electron density is the same as at the anode.

anode and be
It was shown that by proper anode design the net energy loss of the arc to the anode could be reduced to approximately 15% of the total arc energy.
The anode ablation could be reduced to a negligible amount.
The higher heat transfer rates at the anode compared with those at the cathode can be explained by the physical phenomena occurring in free burning arcs.
The photocathode sensitivities S, phosphor efficiencies P, and anode potentials V of the individual stages shall be distinguished by means of subscripts 1, and 2, in the text, where required.
The inherent resolution of a cathodoluminescent phosphor screen decreases with increasingly aggregate thickness ( with increasing anode voltage ), decreases with decreasing porosity ( thus the advantage of cathodophoretic phosphor deposition ) and might be impaired by the normally used aluminum mirror.
Consequently, as can be seen from the following examples, in a device which consumes power the anode is positive, and in a device which provides power the anode is negative:
Internally the positively charged cations are flowing away from the anode ( even though it is negative and therefore would be expected to attract them, this is due to electrode potential relative to the electrolyte solution being different for the anode and cathode metal / electrolyte systems ); but, external to the cell in the circuit, electrons are being pushed out through the negative contact and thus through the circuit by the voltage potential as would be expected.
When a positive voltage is applied to anode of the diode from the circuit, more holes are able to be transferred to the depleted region, and this causes the diode to become conductive, allowing current to flow through the circuit.
In cathodic protection, a metal anode that is more reactive to the corrosive environment of the system to be protected is electrically linked to the protected system, and partially corrodes or dissolves, which protects the metal of the system it is connected to.
As an example, an iron or steel ship's hull may be protected by a zinc sacrificial anode, which will dissolve into the seawater and prevent the hull from being corroded.
Thus a small voltage on the grid can be made to control a much larger voltage on the anode.
The cathode supplies electrons to the positively charged cations which flow to it from the electrolyte ( even if the cell is galvanic, i. e., when the cathode is positive and therefore would be expected to repel the positively charged cations ; this is due to electrode potential relative to the electrolyte solution being different for the anode and cathode metal / electrolyte systems in a galvanic cell ).
In a galvanic cell, the cathode is where the positive pole is connected to allow the circuit to be completed: as the anode of the galvanic cell gives off electrons, they return from the circuit into the cell through the cathode.
The two electrodes must be electrically connected to each other, allowing for a flow of electrons that leave the metal of the anode and flow through this connection to the ions at the surface of the cathode.
This reaction can be driven in reverse by applying a voltage, resulting in the deposition of zinc metal at the anode and formation of copper ions at the cathode.

anode and removed
Once avalanche breakdown has occurred, the thyristor continues to conduct, irrespective of the gate voltage, until: ( a ) the potential V < sub > AK </ sub > is removed or ( b ) the current through the device ( anode − cathode ) is less than the holding current specified by the manufacturer.

anode and after
This grid was held at the cathode ( or " ground ") voltage and its negative voltage ( relative to the anode ) electrostatically repelled secondary electrons so that they would be collected by the anode after all.
The purpose of the over-charge is to expel as much ( if not all ) of the gases collected on the electrodes, hydrogen on the anode and oxygen on the cathode, and some of these gases recombine to form water which in turn will raise the electrolyte level to its highest level after which it is safe to adjust the electrolyte levels.
The anode was held at a slightly negative electrical potential relative to the grid ( although positive compared to the cathode ), so that electrons had to have at least a corresponding amount of kinetic energy to reach it after passing the grid.
An adjustable magnetic lens focuses the electrons onto the sample surface after they pass through the anode.
To operate any particular segment of any digit, the controlling integrated circuit would turn on the cathode driver for the selected digit, and the anode drivers for the desired segments ; then after a short blanking interval the next digit would be selected and new segments lit, in a sequential fashion.
In the cell as developed for cardiac pacemaker application, the anode is lithium and the cathode a proprietary composition of iodine and poly-2-vinyl pyridine, neither of which is electrically conductive, however after processing by mixing and heating to ~ 150 ° C for 72 hours the components react with each other to form an electrically conductive viscous liquid which, while still molten, is poured into the cell where it cools to form a solid.

anode and 5
Now, if the input voltage amplitude ( at the grid ) changes from-1. 5 V to-0. 5 V ( difference of 1 V ), anode current will change from 1. 2 to 3. 3 mA ( see image ).
Since grid voltage changes from-1. 5 V to-0. 5 V, and anode resistor voltage drop from 12 to 33 V, amplification of signal resulted.
V < sub > 2 </ sub > and V < sub > 4 </ sub > collector – emitter junctions connect V < sub > 4 </ sub > base – emitter junction in parallel to the series-connected V < sub > 3 </ sub > base – emitter and V < sub > 5 </ sub > anode – cathode junctions.
The reason of this reduction are the voltage drops across the V < sub > 3 </ sub > base – emitter and V < sub > 5 </ sub > anode – cathode junctions.
Grid 4 accepted the incoming signal with the remaining two grids, 3 and 5 connected together ( usually internally ) which acted as screen grids to screen the anode, grid 4 and grid 2 from each other.
Grid 4 screened this from the anode, and grid 5 was a suppressor grid to suppress secondary emission.
A standard value for breakdown voltage is for instance 5. 6 V. This means that the voltage at the cathode can never be more than 5. 6 V higher than the voltage at the anode, because the diode will break down – and therefore conduct – if the voltage gets any higher.
The GE 6SN7GTA ( GE, 1950 ) had anode dissipation uprated to 5. 0 watts.
When the voltage applied to a Crookes tube is high enough, around 5, 000 volts or greater, it can accelerate the electrons to a fast enough velocity to create X-rays when they hit the anode or the glass wall of the tube.
* Single or dual focused anode, with 0. 5 by 0. 5 mm focal spot for fluroscopic applications and

anode and if
For example, if an electric field is placed across a solution of Na < sup >+</ sup > and Cl < sup >−</ sup > ( and conditions are right ) the sodium ions move towards the negative electrode ( cathode ), while the chloride ions move towards the positive electrode ( anode ).
Like a typical diode, there is a fixed anode and cathode in a Zener diode, but it will conduct current in the reverse direction ( electrons from anode to cathode ) if its breakdown voltage or " Zener voltage " is exceeded.
While it is almost impossible to prevent anode / cathode formation, if a non-conducting material covers the metal, contact with the electrolyte is not possible and corrosion will not occur.
By placing the molecules in wells in the gel and applying an electric field, the molecules will move through the matrix at different rates, determined largely by their mass when the charge to mass ratio ( Z ) of all species is uniform, toward the ( negatively charged ) cathode if positively charged or toward the ( positively charged ) anode if negatively charged.
Zinc coatings prevent corrosion of the protected metal by forming a physical barrier, and by acting as a sacrificial anode even if this barrier is damaged.
Ionic compounds, if molten or dissolved, can conduct electricity because the ions in these conditions are free to move and carry electrons between the anode and the cathode.
In a triode radio-frequency ( RF ) amplifier, if both the plate ( anode ) and grid are connected to resonant circuits tuned to the same frequency, stray capacitive coupling between the grid and the plate will cause the amplifier to go into oscillation if the stage gain is much more than unity.
In the example characteristic shown on the image, if an anode voltage V < sub > a </ sub > of 200 V and a grid voltage bias of-1 volt are selected, a plate ( anode ) current of 2. 25 mA will be present ( using the yellow curve on the graph ).
if anode current of I < sub > a </ sub >= 2. 25 mA is chosen.
A second electrode, the anode or plate, will attract those electrons if it is at a more positive voltage.
In general, if the anode voltage exceeds the screen voltage, this region is avoided, and good performance can be expected.
Zinc is considered a reliable material, but is not suitable for use at higher temperatures, as it tends to passivate ( becomes less negative ); if this happens, current may cease to flow and the anode stops working.
One disadvantage of aluminium is that if it strikes a rusty surface, a large thermite spark may be generated, therefore its use is restricted in tanks where there may be explosive atmospheres and there is a risk of the anode falling.
For example, if a particular design shows that a pipeline long needs 10 anodes, then approximately one anode per kilometere would be more effective than putting all 10 anodes at one end or in the centre.
A thyristor can be switched off if the external circuit causes the anode to become negatively biased, a method known as natural, or line, commutation.
* Switch on dv / dt — the thyristor can be spuriously fired without trigger from the gate if the rate of rise of voltage anode to cathode is too great.

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