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Page "news" ¶ 1971
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anti-trust and laws
The recent publicity attending the successful federal prosecution of a conspiracy indictment against a number of electrical manufacturers has evoked a new respect for the anti-trust laws that is justified neither by their rationale nor by the results they have obtained.
In other words, the anti-trust laws, designed to reduce prices to the consumer on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, become a tool to protect the marginal manufacturer on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday.
The past usefulness of the anti-trust laws to management was explained by Thurman Arnold, in The Folklore of Capitalism, back in 1937.
He wrote: `` ( P. 211 ) the anti-trust laws were the answer of a society which unconsciously felt the need of great organizations, and at the same time had to deny them a place in the moral and logical ideology of the social structure.
( P. 214 ) anti-trust laws became the greatest protection to uncontrolled business dictatorship.
In this manner, every scheme for direct control broke to pieces on the great protective rock of the anti-trust laws.
( Pp. 228-229 ) in any event, it is obvious that the anti-trust laws did not prevent the formation of some of the greatest financial empires the world has ever known, held together by some of the most fantastic ideas, all based on the fundamental notion that a corporation is an individual who can trade and exchange goods without control by the government ''.
However, one can argue that no such control is necessary as long as one pretends that the anti-trust laws are effective and rational.
Quite clearly the anti-trust laws are neither effective nor rational -- and yet the argument goes that they should be extended to the labor union.
Those who favor placing trade unions under anti-trust laws imply that they are advocating a brand new reform.
Indeed, it is in the field of transportation that Congress has most frequently granted employers exemption from the anti-trust laws ; ;
At the very moment that every attempt is being made to take management out from under the irrationality of anti-trust legislation, a drive is on to abolish collective bargaining under the guise of extending the anti-monopoly laws to unions who want no more than to continue to set wages in the same way that ship operators set freight rates.
Labor remained a commodity -- but presumably a privileged one granted immunization from the anti-trust laws.
The company sued under the anti-trust laws, alleging that the union's activity interfered with the movement of interstate commerce.
If the franchisor requires purchase from his stores, it may come under anti-trust legislation or equivalent laws of other countries.
The studios, however, were already under a lot of pressure, not just from free-lancing actors like Bogart, James Stewart, Henry Fonda and others ( who also saved taxes as independents ), but also from the eroding impact of television and from anti-trust laws which were breaking up theater chains.
He regularly attacked corporations and used recently created anti-trust laws to attempt to break several large businesses.
Wilson uses tariff, currency and anti-trust laws to prime the pump and get the economy working in a 1913 political cartoon
The power of this legislation was greater than previous anti-trust laws, because individual officers of corporations could be held responsible if their companies violated the laws.
However, in a Pyrrhic victory, the USFL was awarded a judgment of just $ 1, which under anti-trust laws, was tripled to $ 3.
Consumer protection laws are distinct from anti-trust.
Some consumer protection laws are enforced by the U. S. Federal Trade Commission, which also has anti-trust responsibilities.
Proponents of the Chicago school of economics are generally suspicious ( and critical ) of government intervention in the economy, including anti-trust laws and competition policies.

anti-trust and business
Legal changes also had a major impact on their business — lawsuits brought by major stars had effectively overthrown the old studio contract system by the late 1940s ; Warner Bros. Pictures sold off much of its movie library in 1948 ( although, ironically, Time Warner's 1996 takeover of Turner Broadcasting returned most of the Warner archive to the company ) and, beginning in 1949, anti-trust suits brought by the US government forced the five major studios to divest their cinema chains.
White began his career as a lawyer at Susman Godfrey, LLP, a leading law firm in Houston, from 1979 to 1993, where he practiced business litigation and anti-trust law, and eventually became partner.
" He earned a reputation as a strong opponent of big business and monopolies, and was heavily involved with anti-trust legislation.
Perkins went public with his denunciations of anti-trust programs, arguing " The country knows that the Progressive Party believes that large business units are necessary in this day of interstate and inter-national communication and trade.
Conservative Senator John Sherman sponsored the nation's basic anti-trust law in 1890, and conservatives generally supported anti-trust in the name of opposing monopoly and opening up opportunities for small business.

anti-trust and must
For instance, a distinction must be made between product bundling, which is a legal market strategy, and product tying, which violates anti-trust law.
In a 1912 address to the Republican State Convention, he defended the anti-trust law and called for direct election of U. S. senators, income and corporate taxes as more equitable than property taxes, and an end to corrupt leadership, saying, “ We must cleanse our party of complacent plutocrats and corpulent freebooters, masquerading as Republicans .” Elected to the Governorship in 1931, he attacked lobbyists in his inaugural address and demanded fair congressional districts, measures to promote child welfare, and establishing a state conservation commission:

anti-trust and compete
In 1986, the USFL, having recently decided to compete directly with the NFL, filed an anti-trust lawsuit against the National Football League.
Burdened by the fallout from the loss of final appeals relating to the U. S. Government's anti-trust suit against former Motion Picture Patents Trust companies and an inability to compete in a market dominated by features, Triple Trouble was practically the last new film that Essanay produced.

anti-trust and along
Judge Robert Bork's writings on anti-trust law, along with those of Richard Posner and other law and economics thinkers, were heavily influential in causing a shift in the U. S. Supreme Court's approach to antitrust laws since the 1970s, to be focused solely on what is best for the consumer rather than the company's practices.
As it was, the Showboats ceased to exist, along with all other USFL franchises, when the league failed to collect significant damages in its 1986 anti-trust suit against the NFL.
Later in 2007, A & P purchased Pathmark for $ 665 million ; pending shareholder approval, along with complying with anti-trust laws.
In May 1998, Blumenthal, along with attorneys general from 19 other states and the District of Columbia, filed an anti-trust lawsuit against Microsoft accusing the company of abusing its monopoly power to stifle competition.
90, ) was an anti-deflation scheme promoted by the Chamber of Commerce that reversed anti-trust laws and permit trade associations to cooperate in stabilizing prices within their industries while making businesses ensure that the incomes of workers would rise along with their prices.

anti-trust and ;
* any person from being a director of two or more competing corporations, if those corporations would violate the anti-trust criteria by merging ( Act Section 8 ; codified at ).
Drawing from anti-trust / competition law ; fair terms means terms which are not anti-competitive and that would not be considered unlawful if imposed by a dominant firm in their relative market.
* U. S. Steel ; anti-trust prosecution failed in 1911.
* National Football League ; survived anti-trust lawsuit in the 1960s, convicted of being an illegal monopoly in the 1980s.
* Major League Baseball ; survived U. S. anti-trust litigation in 1922, though its special status is still in dispute as of 2008.
* Microsoft ; settled anti-trust litigation in the U. S. in 2001 ; fined by the European Commission in 2004, which was upheld for the most part by the Court of First Instance of the European Communities in 2007.

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