< imagemap > Image: Operating system placement. svg | thumb | A layer structure showing where the operating system software and application software are situated while running on a typical desktop computer

Network-based filtering: This type of filter is implemented at the transport layer as a transparent proxy, or at the application layer as a web proxy.

The Gopher protocol () is a TCP / IP application layer protocol designed for distributing, searching, and retrieving documents over the Internet.

HTTP is an application layer protocol designed within the framework of the Internet Protocol Suite.

Additional insight into defense-in-depth can be gained by thinking of it as forming the layers of an onion, with data at the core of the onion, people the next outer layer of the onion, and network security, host-based security and application security forming the outermost layers of the onion.

For example, an upper layer protocol may cache data to make sure that it is in the correct order, before giving the data to an application.

Some of this responsibility lies also in the upper layer protocols between application and IP.

# The application layer ( for example HTTP ) contains all protocols for specific data communications services on a process-to-process level ( for example how a web browser communicates with a web server ).

Based on the same Gecko layout engine as Mozilla Firefox, K-Meleon uses native Windows application programming interface ( API ) to create the user interface, instead of using Mozilla's cross-platform XML User Interface Language ( XUL ) layer, and as a result, is tightly integrated into the look and feel of the Windows desktop ; this approach is similar to that of Galeon and Epiphany ( for the GNOME desktop ), and Camino ( for Mac OS X ).

* In 1962, Richard Williams of RCA found that liquid crystals had some interesting electro-optic characteristics and he realized an electro-optical effect by generating stripe-patterns in a thin layer of liquid crystal material by the application of a voltage.

But because each layer comes at an expense to the customer, the application of appropriate levels without exceeding reasonable costs to the customer is often very important and requires a skilled and knowledgeable locksmith to determine.

By segregating an application into tiers, developers acquire the option of modifying or adding a specific layer, instead of reworking the entire application.

: The logic tier is pulled out from the presentation tier and, as its own layer, it controls an application ’ s functionality by performing detailed processing.

Now, therefore, the main application of MPLS is to implement limited traffic engineering and layer 3 / layer 2 “ service provider type ” VPNs over IPv4 networks.

The life cycle layer introduces dynamics that are normally not part of an application.

Paint is any liquid, liquefiable, or mastic composition which, after application to a substrate in a thin layer, is converted to a solid film.

* VoIP ( using application layer protocols such as SIP )

An alternative and disputable definition of QoS, used especially in application layer services such as telephony and streaming video, is requirements on a metric that reflects or predicts the subjectively experienced quality.

Both SMTP and HTTP are valid application layer protocols used as Transport for SOAP, but HTTP has gained wider acceptance as it works well with today's Internet infrastructure ; specifically, HTTP works well with network firewalls.

When the client program on the destination computer receives them, the TCP layer ( Transport Layer ) reassembles the individual segments and ensures they are correctly ordered and error free as it streams them to an application.

The " goodput " is the amount of useful information that is delivered per second to the application layer protocol.

X is built as an additional ( application ) abstraction layer on top of the operating system kernel.

In 2009, the American Anthropological Association's Commission on the Engagement of Anthropology with the US Security and Intelligence Communities released its final report concluding, in part, that, " When ethnographic investigation is determined by military missions, not subject to external review, where data collection occurs in the context of war, integrated into the goals of counterinsurgency, and in a potentially coercive environment – all characteristic factors of the HTS concept and its application – it can no longer be considered a legitimate professional exercise of anthropology.

Processing methods and application areas include storage, level compression, data compression, transmission, enhancement ( e. g., equalization, filtering, noise cancellation, echo or reverb removal or addition, etc.

However, its primary use since at least the late 1980s has been to describe the application of computer science and information sciences to the analysis of biological data, particularly in those areas of genomics involving large-scale DNA sequencing.

Of course, this is only possible when the application tends to require many steps which apply one operation to a large set of data.

At about the same time the development of effective polymerase chain reaction techniques allowed the application of cladistic methods to biochemical and molecular genetic traits of organisms as well as to anatomical ones, vastly expanding the amount of data available for phylogenetics.

This is especially true if the data is to undergo further processing ( for example editing ) in which case the repeated application of processing ( encoding and decoding ) on lossy codecs will degrade the quality of the resulting data such that it is no longer identifiable ( visually, audibly or both ).

Windows includes similar functionality, so the Cygwin library just needed to provide a POSIX-compatible application programming interface ( API ) and properly translate calls and manage private versions of data, such as file descriptors.

Depending upon the size of the company and the breadth of data, choosing an application can take anywhere from a few weeks to a year or more.

Fixed end system: common host / server that is connected to the CDPD backbone and providing access to specific application and data

Depending upon the application, detail can be dropped from the data to save storage space.

A custom encoding can be used for a specific application with no loss of data.

One of the key aims was to make the data independent of the logic of application programs, so that the same data could be made available to different applications.

:: An embedded database system is a DBMS which is tightly integrated with an application software that requires access to stored data in a way that the DBMS is “ hidden ” from the application ’ s end-user and requires little or no ongoing maintenance.

A data model is an abstract structure that provides the means to effectively describe specific data structures needed to model an application.

After completing building the database and making it operational arrives the database maintenance stage: Various database parameters may need changes and tuning for better performance, application's data structures may be changed or added, new related application programs may be written to add to the application's functionality, etc.

A typical DBMS cannot store the data of the application it serves alone.

In order to handle the application data the DBMS need to store this data in data structures that comprise specific data by themselves.

These controls are only available when a set of application programs are customized for each data entry and updating function.

AIM Phoneline was a Voice over IP PC-PC, PC-Phone and Phone-to-PC service provided via the AOL Instant Messenger ( AIM ) application.

AIM Call Out is a discontinued Voice over IP PC-PC, PC-Phone and Phone-to-PC service provided by AOL via its AOL Instant Messenger ( AIM ) application that replaced the defunct AIM Phoneline service in November 2007.

The client / server model is a computing model that acts as a distributed application which partitions tasks or workloads between the providers of a resource or service, called servers, and service requesters, called clients.

As all alloys do not have the same chemical constituents, the tempering procedure varies according to the material's chemical composition, thermal history and / or a tool's particular service application.

Cloud computing for call centres extends cloud computing to Software as a service, or hosted, on-demand call centres by providing application programming interfaces ( APIs ) on the call centre cloud computing platform that allow call centre functionality to be integrated with cloud-based Customer relationship management, such as Salesforce. com or Oracle CRM and leads management and other applications.

The design goal of CDPD included location independence and independence fro, service provider, so that coverage could be maximized ; application transparency and multiprotocol support, interoperability between products from multiple vendors.

Galvanizing is also favored as a means of protective coating because of its low cost, ease of application and comparatively long maintenance-free service life.

The APN defines the services such as wireless application protocol ( WAP ) access, short message service ( SMS ), multimedia messaging service ( MMS ), and for Internet communication services such as email and World Wide Web access.

It is probably significant that in the long history of hypnosis, where the potential application to intelligence has always been known, there are no reliable accounts of its effective use by an intelligence service.

Only one application for a licence to run such a service was received by the Communications Commission.

These techniques allow organizations to understand their existing code assets ( using discovery tools ), provide new user and application interfaces to existing code, improve workflow, contain costs, minimize risk, and enjoy classic qualities of service ( near 100 % uptime, security, scalability, etc.

In the United States, the LDS Church has applied for a trademark on " Mormon " as applied to religious services ; however, the United States Patent and Trademark Office rejected the application, stating that the term " Mormon " was too generic, and is popularly understood as referring to a particular kind of church, similar to " Presbyterian " or " Methodist ", rather than a service mark.

Instead, the database service provider takes responsibility for installing and maintaining the database, and application owners pay according to their usage.

* Managed MySQL cloud hosting-the database is not offered as a service, but the cloud provider hosts the database and manages it on the application owner's behalf.

Like email on the internet, the top application on mobile is also a personal messaging service, but SMS text messaging is used by over 2. 4 billion people.

For example, an application that uses middleware to service data requests between a user and a database employs multi-tier architecture.

An automated online assistant providing customer service on a web page, an example of an application where natural language processing is a major component.

There are two principal approaches to QoS in modern packet-switched IP networks, a parameterized system based on an exchange of application requirements with the network, and a prioritized system where each packet identifies a desired service level to the network.

* Action Request System, or Remedy Action Request System, a software application development environment used for service management

Thrifty, Inc. attempted to submit a service mark application which described aspects of their business ( uniforms, buildings, certain vehicles ) as " being blue "; the application was rejected for not being specific enough, and the rejection was upheld on appeal.