Centred in Moscow, around the Gileia Group of Transrational ( zaum ) poets David and Nikolai Burliuk, Elena Guro, Vasili Kamenski and Velimir Khlebnikov, the Russian futurists created a sustained series of artists ' books that challenged every assumption of orthodox book production.

Local Eastern Orthodox traditions were also under siege from the assumption of ecclesiastical power by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in 1448.

Since the great flood of these dystopias has appeared only in the last twelve years, it seems fairly reasonable to assume that the chief impetus was the 1949 publication of Nineteen Eighty-Four, an assumption which is supported by the frequent echoes of such details as Room 101, along with education by conditioning from Brave New World, a book to which science-fiction writers may well have returned with new interest after reading the more powerful Orwell dystopia.

The mass scale used in Table 5-1 was derived on the assumption that the motion of the glowing trail is related to the momentum transfer to the trail by the meteorite, permitting the calculation of the mass if the velocity is known ( Cook and Whipple, 1958 ).

According to the conjectural reconstructions of Noel Swerdlow and G. J. Toomer, this was derived from his assumption of a " least perceptible " solar parallax of 7 arc minutes.

Rather than proving the existence of God, Kant was attempting to demonstrate that all moral thought requires the assumption that God exists.

The challenge to the assumption that beauty was central to art and aesthetics, thought to be original, is actually continuous with older aesthetic theory ; Aristotle was the first in the Western tradition to classify " beauty " into types as in his theory of drama, and Kant made a distinction between beauty and the sublime.

While the atypical ( second-generation ) antipsychotics were marketed as offering greater efficacy in reducing psychotic symptoms while reducing side effects ( and Extrapyramidal symptoms in particular ) than typical medications, the results showing these effects often lacked robustness, and the assumption was increasingly challenged even as atypical prescriptions were soaring.

Kiernan's reasoning has in part to do with the much-discussed political context of the poem: it has been held by most scholars, until recently, that the poem was composed in the 8th century on the assumption that a poem eliciting sympathy for the Danes could not have been composed by Anglo-Saxons during the Viking Ages of the 9th and 10th centuries, and that the poem celebrates the namesakes of 8th Century Mercian Kings.

Over the later 20th century this assumption was increasingly challenged.

Upon his assumption of the commissioner's role, Selig transferred his ownership interest in the Brewers to his daughter Wendy Selig-Prieb in order to remove any technical conflicts of interest, though it was widely presumed he maintained some hand in team operations.

The existence of problems within NP but outside both P and NP-complete, under that assumption, was established by NP-intermediate | Ladner's theorem.

In 1687 Ancillon was appointed head of the so-called Academie des nobles, the principal educational establishment of the state ; later on, as councillor of embassy, he took part in the negotiations which led to the assumption of the title of " King in Prussia " by the elector.

One example of the fruitfulness of questioning assumptions comes from questioning the assumption that " China was weak in the 19th century " and pointing out the fact that at the time in which China was supposedly weak, it managed to considerably extend its borders in Central Asia.

Hesiod and Stesichorus tell the story according to which after her death Iphigenia was divinised under the name of Hecate, fact which would support the assumption that Artemis Tauropolos had a real ancient alliance with the heroine, who was her priestess in Taurid and her human paragon.

However, a study in Thailand found the cost per malaria case prevented of DDT spraying ($ 1. 87 US ) to be 21 % greater than the cost per case prevented of lambda-cyhalothrin – treated nets ($ 1. 54 US ), at very least casting some doubt on the unexamined assumption that DDT was the most cost-effective measure to use in all cases.

Kraepelin's assumption of a moral defect rather than a positive drive towards crime has also been questioned, as it implies that the moral sense is somehow inborn and unvarying, yet it was known to vary by time and place, and Kraepelin never considered that the moral sense might just be different.

He so vigorously supported Alexander Hamilton's reports on public credit, including the assumption of state debts, and supported Hamilton's new Bank of the United States, that he was considered a leading champion by the Federalists.

Mussolini was aware that Italy did not have the military capacity to carry out a long war with France or the United Kingdom and waited until France was on the verge of imminent collapse and surrender from German invasion before declaring war on France and the United Kingdom on 10 June 1940, on the assumption that the war would be short-lived following France's collapse.

In ancient China, the prevailing belief was that the Earth was flat and square, while the heavens were round, an assumption virtually unquestioned until the introduction of European astronomy in the 17th century.

" Christopher Norris declared that Orwell's " homespun empiricist outlook – his assumption that the truth was just there to be told in a straightforward common-sense way – now seems not merely naive but culpably self-deluding ".

The assumption being that the glass was once uniform, but has flowed to its new shape, which is a property of liquid.

However, this assumption is incorrect ; once solidified, glass does not flow anymore.

These fragments disappointed Romantic scholars as not matching the writer's great reputation, partly because Fronto's teachings, with their emphasis on studying ancient writers in search of striking words, were not in accordance with current fashion ( Italy, where not only Mai but Leopardi enthused over them, was an exception ), partly because they gave no support to the assumption that Fronto had been a wise counsellor to Marcus Aurelius ( indeed, they contain no trace of political advice ), partly because his frequent complaints about ill-health, especially those collected in book 5 of Ad M. Caesarem, aroused more annoyance than compassion ; these adverse judgements were reversed once Fronto was read for what he was rather than what he was not, as already in the sympathetic treatment by Dorothy Brock, Studies in Fronto and his Age ( Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1911 ).

After the assumption of intercity rail passenger services by Amtrak in 1971, it has been bypassed by all Amtrak, except for the period from April 30, 1978 to October 29, 1983 when the Chesapeake stopped once daily in each direction between Philadelphia and Washington.

That Jesus was only tested once in this way is not a necessary assumption.

While this assumption is applicable to the evolution of living creatures, it is not always true of manuscript traditions, since a scribe can work from two different manuscripts at once, producing a new copy with characteristics of both.

This assumption tends to dilute the essence of both Judaism and Christianity ; recognition of this fact, and the increasing religious diversity of the United States, make this phrase less heard now than it once was, though it is far from extinct.

The former assumption has persisted to the present day, with writers of fiction, such as Mary Renault, and the film director Oliver Stone among its proponents, as well as modern historians such as Paul Cartledge, who says: " Rumour had it — and rumour was for once surely correct — that he and Alexander had once been more than just good friends.

A single-user system is programmed with the assumption that only one person will ever need to edit the project plan at once.

we content ourselves with the assumption that if in the self-expansion process € 100 becomes € 110, the latter will find already in existence in the market the elements into which it will change once more.

Wilson thought Haig ’ s assumption about Russia “ a large one ” and once again urged winter offensives against Turkey and Bulgaria.

Therefore, the X-ray flux at the peak of the burst should correspond to Eddington luminosity, which can be calculated once the mass of the neutron star is known ( 1. 5 solar masses is a commonly used assumption ).

Bighorn sheep were once known by the scientific identification argali or argalia due to assumption that they were the same animal as the Asiatic Argali ( Ovis ammon ).

Edward John Trelawny Two Russian men she met commented on her general disdain for the male sex ; irritated by their assumption that since she was always falling in love, she would return their affections if they flirted with her, Clairmont joked in a letter to Mary Shelley that perhaps she should fall in love with both of them at once and prove them wrong.

HLL-like features appear in HLA to provide a learning aid for beginning programmers by smoothing the learning curve, with the assumption that they will discontinue the use of those statements once they master the low-level instruction set ( in practice, many experienced programmers continue to use HLL-like statements in HLA, MASM, and TASM, long after they've mastered the low-level instruction set, but this is usually done for readability purposes ).

Rydberg believed that most of the Germanic myths were part of a chronological epic, an approach that H. R. Ellis Davidson characterized as arising " from an assumption that the mythology was once complete and rational.

However, once a linear map Φ between the density matrices is specified, a standard linearity argument, together with the finite dimensional assumption, allow us to extend Φ uniquely to the full space of operators.

The further assumption therefore is that the electrons bump into obstacles ( like defects or phonons ) once in a while which limits their free flight.

*" I began to write fiction on the assumption that the true enemies of the novel were plot, character, setting and theme, and having once abandoned these familiar ways of thinking about fiction, totality of vision or structure was really all that remained.

The assumption is that the process will happen once people apply their reason and skills, for it is not divinely foreordained.

This period in the 1990s would be marked by his party's assumption of power in alliance with former army-backed opponents, a focus only on provincial politics, the increasing influence of his wife in party affairs, corruption scandals hitting the once clean image of his supporters and in particular the focus on renaming the NWFP Pakhtunkhwa (' The Pashtun side / territory ').

The occasion of the both hymns was the Pythian Festival, held only once every ten years, and according to the former assumption of dating the earlier hymn was probably written for the boys ' choir at the Pythian Games in 138 BCE.

Because of a crisis in the PAIGC, which led to many representatives in parliament of this party to leave it, after Vieira's assumption of office on October 1, 2005, the PRS became the strongest party in the parliament once again.