At the centre of the bank's failure was its chairman, Roberto Calvi and his membership in the illegal Masonic Lodge Propaganda Due ( aka P2 ).

Calvi also involved the Vatican Bank, Istituto per le Opere di Religione, in his dealings, and was close to Bishop Paul Marcinkus, the bank's chairman.

After the merger of the Bank in Winterthur and the Toggenburger Bank to form Union Bank of Switzerland ( UBS ), Dr. Rudolf Ernst became the merged bank's first chairman in 1912.

In 1973 the board of directors hired 38 year old Martin C. Miler to be the bank's president and chairman of the board.

Yeltsin worked with the bank's chairman, Pavel Zhikarev, to privatize the Russian Sberbank in 1991.

In 1993, Zhikarev, who had been the bank's chairman for 25 years, was replaced by the deputy chairman Oleg Yashin.

Harrison McCain was a member of the Board of Directors of the Bank of Nova Scotia and a close personal friend of the bank's chairman Cedric Ritchie who grew up in the neighboring community of Upper Kent.

The bank's chairman, Sir Jeremy Morse, was an eminent chess problemist, and its sponsorship manager, Pat Bowman, liked the concept of the bank financing a serious challenge to Soviet chess supremacy.

Knut Agathon Wallenberg's younger brother Marcus Wallenberg ( senior ) carried on the tradition and took over as the bank's CEO in 1911, replacing his older brother who was appointed Stockholms Enskilda Bank chairman of the board.

In January 1946 these two banks were amalgamated into the National Bank of Malta, and he became the new bank's first chairman.

On April 1, Steven Freiberg former co-CEO of Citigroup's global consumer group and former head of the bank's credit card unit, took the reins as E-Trade's new CEO while Druskin continues in his role as board chairman.

Banks, who is also chairman of the bank's board of directors and the bank's landlord.

The bank's first chairman was Jagubhai S. Parikh, and he served until 1960.

While Mathewson was chairman, RBS bought Cleveland, Ohio-based Charter One, which was bolted onto the bank's Citizens arm, and a five per cent stake in Beijing-based Bank of China.

He stepped down in June 2004 saying he would remain involved as the non-executive chairman of the bank's supervisory board while taking on projects unrelated to finance.

When the Clydesdale Bank discontinued £ 1 banknotes, Robert The Bruce's portrait was moved onto the bank's £ 20 banknote in 1990 and it has remained there to date.

A statue of cooperative pioneer Robert Owen stands in front of the bank's head office in Manchester.

He was unanimously supported by the bank's board of executive directors to a second five-year term in 2000, becoming the third person to serve two terms in the position after Eugene R. Black and Robert McNamara.

When bank board member Gibson learned of the bank's intention he successfully blocked it to protect his interest in the Boston Connection.

The bank's current CEO has also voiced ambitions to expand the banks ' operations into other GCC countries and push into Asia as well.

In his Prices and Production ( 1931 ), Hayek argued that the business cycle resulted from the central bank's inflationary credit expansion and its transmission over time, leading to a capital misallocation caused by the artificially low interest rates.

The central bank's reaction to the crisis – a clumsy expansion, then a sharp contraction of credit – indicated its weakness, not its strength.

Though the banker initially refuses to help, Disraeli forces him to sign a paper giving unlimited credit to Myers by threatening to have Parliament revoke the bank's charter.

During the entire post-war era, until at least 1991, the Bank of Japan's monetary policy has primarily been conducted via its ' window guidance ' ( 窓口指導 ） credit controls ( which are the model for the Chinese central bank's primary tool of monetary policy implementation ), whereby the central bank would impose bank credit growth quotas on the commercial banks.

As the bank's expansion continued, the Narre Warren-Caroline Springs credit card company was purchased in 1981.

In this example coupons from the bank's portfolio of loans are passed to the SPV which uses the cash flow to service the credit linked notes.

From the bank's point of view, this achieves the purpose of reducing its exposure to that risk, as it will not need to reimburse all or part of the note if a credit event occurs.

In their opinion, the central bank's policy was an " easy credit policy " which led to an unsustainable credit-driven boom.

According to the bank's own statistics the credit risks in these countries are about € 18 billion ( Italy ) and € 12 billion ( Spain ).

Another distinctive feature of the bank's credit program is that the overwhelming majority ( 98 %) of its borrowers are women.

* 1994 – Alfa Bank becomes a member of MasterCard / Europay international credit card system and joins the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication ; Pyotr Aven appointed as bank's President ; Alfa Bank becomes the first Russian bank to open a subsidiary in Almaty, Kazakhstan ;

Any RTGS employs two sets of queues: one for testing outgoing funds availability on a chronological FIFO basis with the option of prioritizing specific inquiries, while the other queue is for processing debit / credit requests received from the central bank's Integrated Accounting System.

This type of letter of credit, does not acquire the other bank's confirmation.

Preliminary investigation has resulted that, the problem rose due to the bank's poor credit evaluation, and insufficient depth and breadth in processing loans with the bank's risk management frame was not properly established.

Such limitation may be expressed as a proportion of the bank's assets or equity, and different limits may apply based on the security held and / or the credit rating of the counterparty.

So a bank can just order a transaction between its own account and the other bank's account, in lieu of less secure methods such as carrying a case full of currency or securities around on the street ; the bank merely transmits an order to Clearstream to credit / debit one of its own accounts and the other bank's account ( s ).

The bank's offerings include retail and commercial banking, as well as trust services, mortgage banking, credit cards, mutual funds, insurance, equipment leasing, asset management, and securities underwriting and dealing.

Though initially conceived by populists in the Non-Partisan League as a credit union-style institution to free the farmers of the state from predatory lenders, the bank's functions were largely neutered by the time of its inception by the business-backed Independent Voters Association.

Banker's acceptances make a transaction between two parties who do not know each other more safe because they allow the parties to substitute the bank's credit worthiness for that who owes the payment.

With the advent of computerised accounting, nostros and vostros just need to have opposite signs within any one bank's accounting system ; that is, if a nostro in credit has a positive sign, then a vostro in credit must have a negative sign.

:* The merchant sends the client the bank's response encrypted with the client's public key.