Only red abalone may be taken ; black, white, pink, and flat abalone are protected by law.

There is an extensive global black market in the collection and export of abalone meat.

The black abalone, Haliotis cracherodii

* Haliotis cracherodii Leach, 1814 – the black abalone

Hot foods consumed are believed to restore ki, as well as sexual and physical stamina lost in the summer heat Commonly eaten boyangshik include: ginseng, chicken, dog, abalone, eel, carp, bone marrow, pig kidneys and black goat.

For example, Chumash peoples in central California were known to have been harvesting black abalone approximately a millennium earlier in the Morro Bay area.

Two black abalone shells in a tide pool at low tide

Juveniles do not tend to disperse great distances, and current populations of black abalone are generally composed of individuals that were spawned locally.

On San Miguel Island, archaeological evidence shows that the Island Chumash people and their ancestors ate black abalone for millennia and also used the shells to make fishhooks, beads, and ornaments.

After the Chumash and other California Indians were devastated by European diseases, and sea otters were nearly eradicated from California waters by the historic fur trade, black abalone populations rebounded and attracted an intensive intertidal fishery conducted primarily by Chinese immigrants from the 1850s to about 1900.

On June 23, 1999, the U. S. National Marine Fisheries Service ( NMFS ) designated the black abalone as a candidate for protection under the Endangered Species Act ( 64 FR 33466 ).

On December 21, 2006, the Center for Biological Diversity submitted a petition to NMFS to list the black abalone.

The NMFS proposed a critical habitat of 390 square kilometers for the endangered black abalone on September 28, 2010.

Even though harvesting black abalone is regulated in California, poaching still occurs.

Other threats include coastal development for residential areas, harbours and waste discharges, compounded by commercial and recreational fishing of the black abalone.

The depleted stocks of black abalone were further reduced by Withering syndrome, first discovered in 1985, when commercial fishermen reported large numbers of empty shells and dying abalones on the shores of several of the Californian Channel Islands ( including the islands of Santa Cruz, Anacapa, Santa Rosa, Santa Barbara, San Miguel, and San Clemente ).

In many locations, percentages greater than 90 % of individuals have been lost, and in some places, a total loss of the black abalone population occurred.

But in ways more fundamental than specific political opinions they are still what they always were: passionate, sure without a shadow of doubt of whatever it is that they are sure of, capable of seeing black and white only and, therefore, committed to the logical extreme of whatever it is they are temporarily committed to.

This is a black swamp clay in which about one hundred million years ago cypress-like trees were growing.

Even apart from the fact that now at the age of 31 my personal life is being totally disrupted for the second time for no very compelling reason -- I cannot help looking around at the black leather jacket brigades standing idly on the street corners and in the taverns of every American city and asking myself if our society has gone mad.

The observed intensity of the radio emission of Venus is much higher than the expected thermal intensity, although the spectrum indicated by measurements at wave lengths near 3 cm and 10 cm is like that of a black body at about 600-degrees.

This result suggests a very high temperature at the solid surface of the planet, although there is the possibility that the observed radiation may be a combination of both thermal and non-thermal components and that the observed spectrum is that of a black body merely by coincidence.

The received radiation is compared with the radiation from a hypothetical black body which subtends the same solid angle as the visible disk of the planet.

The apparent black-body disk temperature is the temperature which must be assumed for the black body in order that the intensity of its radiation should equal that of the observed radiation.

White pepper is the ground seed of the common black pepper fruit.

( And this is not, perhaps, the place to discuss Harlem's very complex attitude toward black policemen, nor the reasons, according to Harlem, that they are nearly all downtown.

He is not prepared for it -- naturally, nobody is -- and, what is possibly much more to the point, he is exposed, as few white people are, to the anguish of the black people around him.

As far as the color problem is concerned, there is but one great difference between the Southern white and the Northerner: the Southerner remembers, historically and in his own psyche, a kind of Eden in which he loved black people and they loved him.

Her favorite cocktail dress is a Norell, a black and white organdy and silk jersey.

Her hair was the color of those blooms which in seed catalogues are referred to as `` black '', but since no flower is actually without color contain always a hint of grape or purple or blue -- he wanted to draw the broad patina of hair through his fingers, searching it slowly for a trace of veining which might reveal its true shade beneath the darkness.

Being a dimensionless fraction, it may also be expressed as a percentage, and is measured on a scale from zero for no reflecting power of a perfectly black surface, to 1 for perfect reflection of a white surface.

Made of gold-plated britannium on a black metal base, it is 13. 5 in ( 34 cm ) tall, weighs 8. 5 lb ( 3. 85 kg ) and depicts a knight rendered in Art Deco style holding a crusader's sword standing on a reel of film with five spokes.

The fire salamander is black and yellow, indicating that it is toxic.

Asphalt or or, also known as bitumen, is the sticky, black and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid present in most crude petroleums and in some natural deposits ; it is a substance classed as a pitch.

The black caiman and American Alligator are the only members of the alligator family that pose the same danger to humans as the larger species of the crocodile family.

The largest species are red alder ( A. rubra ) on the west coast of North America, and black alder ( A. glutinosa ), native to most of Europe and widely introduced elsewhere, both reaching over 30 m. By contrast, the widespread Alnus viridis ( green alder ) is rarely more than a 5 m tall shrub.

Wildlife includes brown bears, black bears, the endemic Alexander Archipelago wolf, Sitka black-tailed deer, humpback whales, orcas, five species of salmon, bald eagles, harlequin ducks, scoters, and marbled murrelets.

British Columbian introduced species include: common dandelion, ring-necked pheasant, Pacific oyster, brown trout, black slug, European Starling, cowbird, knapweed, bullfrog, purple loosestrife, Scotch broom, Himalayan blackberry, European earwig, tent caterpillar, sowbug, gray squirrel, Asian longhorn beetle, English ivy, Fallow Deer, thistle, gorse, Norway rat, crested mynah, and Asian or European gypsy moth.

As of 2012, this and the American black bear are the only bear species not classified as threatened by the IUCN.

The galjoen, black bream, or blackfish, Dichistius capensis, is a species of marine fish that is found only along the coast of South Africa.

According to United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organization the term bean should include only species of Phaseolus ; however, a strict consensus definition has proven difficult because in the past, several species such as Vigna ( angularis ( azuki bean ), mungo ( black gram ), radiata ( mung bean ), aconitifolia ( moth bean )) were classified as Phaseolus and later reclassified.

This might include such ordinary matter as neutrinos or free electrons ; however, it may also include exotic species of non-baryonic dark matter, such as supersymmetric particles, axions, or black holes.

Examples of species listed on Appendix II are the Great White Shark ( Carcharadon carcharias ), the American black bear ( Ursus americanus ), Hartmann's mountain zebra ( Equus hartmannae ), African grey parrot ( Psittacus erithacus ), green iguana ( Iguana iguana ), queen conch ( Strombus gigas ), Mertens ' Water Monitor ( Varanus mertensi ), bigleaf mahogany ( Swietenia macrophylla ) and Lignum Vitae " ironwood " ( Guaiacum officinale ).

Silver coins or cutlery that are exposed to high sulfur foods such as eggs or the low levels of sulfur species in the air develop a layer of black Silver sulfide.

They have thick, silky fur, which can be long or short, colored black, grey, honey, white, brown, yellow, red, or a mix, depending on the species.

Melanistic jaguars are informally known as black panthers, but like all forms of polymorphism, they do not form a separate species.

This species is part of a clade that contains the kestrel species with black malar stripes, a feature which apparently was not present in the most ancestral kestrels.

The Lesser Kestrel ( F. naumanni ), which much resembles a small Common Kestrel with no black on the upperside except wing and tail tips, is probably not very closely related to the present species, and the American Kestrel ( F. sparverius ) is apparently not a true kestrel at all.

Maple syrup is a syrup usually made from the xylem sap of sugar maple, red maple, or black maple trees, although it can also be made from other maple species.

Three species of maple trees are predominantly used to produce maple syrup: the sugar maple ( Acer saccharum ), the black maple ( A. nigrum ), and the red maple ( A. rubrum ), because of the high sugar content ( roughly two to five percent ) in the sap of these species.

There is also an ultimate goal, which is entering the galactic core, a massive black hole surrounded by a powerful and hostile cyborg species called The Grox.

Other very large bony fish include the Atlantic blue marlin, some specimens of which have been recorded as in excess of, the black marlin, some sturgeon species, and the giant and goliath grouper, which both can exceed in weight.

The seeds of two species of Fagopyrum, known as buckwheat ( sarrasin in French ), provide grain ( its dark flour is known as blé noir ( black wheat ) in France ).

The quagga was hunted for its meat, the tarpan was hunted for sport, and a subspecies of black rhinoceros was hunted for its horn ( as with all other African rhinoceros species ).

Perhaps one in 50, 000 penguins ( of most species ) are born with brown rather than black plumage.

The failure of these systems can have catastrophic consequences, as in the case of Austral Líneas Aéreas Flight 2553, Birgenair Flight 301 ( investigators suspected that some kind of insect could have created a nest inside the pitot tube: the prime suspect is a species called the black and yellow mud dauber wasp ), Northwest Airlines Flight 6231, AeroPeru Flight 603 ( blocked static port ), and of one X-31.