The boule also served as an executive committee for the assembly, and oversaw the activities of certain other magistrates.

The boule was considered the cornerstone of the democratic constitution, providing a locus for day to day activities and holding together the many disparate administrative functions of the government.

Popular recreational sports and activities include brännboll ( popular in schools ), boule, kubb, skiing, swimming, gymnastics, walking, running, cycling, dancing, fishing and hunting.

* Political life: it revolved around the sovereign Ekklesia ( the assembly of all adult male citizens for deliberation and voting ), the standing boule and other civic or judicial councils, the archons and other officials or magistrates elected either by vote or by lot, clubs, etc., and sometimes punctuated by stasis ( civil strife between parties, factions or socioeconomic classes, e. g. aristocrats, oligarchs, democrats, tyrants, the wealthy, the poor, large or small landowners, etc.

Play continues with the team that is not closest to the jack having to continue throwing until they either land a boule closer to the jack than their opponents or run out of boules.

: To throw one's boule at one of the opponent's boules to knock it out of play.

: A special feat in which the shooter knocks the opponent's boule out while leaving his boule at or very near the point of impact ( pronounced car-o ).

Because of the rotation of members, it was assumed that the boule was free from the domination of factions of any kind, although there is some evidence that richer citizens served out of proportion to poorer citizens.

After the reforms of Ephialtes and Pericles in the mid-5th century BC, the boule took on many of the administrative and judicial functions of the Areopagus, which retained its traditional right to try homicide cases.

In Sparta the functions usually associated with the boule were performed by the gerousia, the council of elders.

The gerousia served the familiar advisory functions of a boule, in addition to trying important criminal cases, supervising laws and customs and perhaps playing some role in foreign wars.

: πρύτανις prytanis ) were the executives of the boule of ancient Athens.

They formally called to meeting the full boule and the ecclesia of Athens, though in practice many meetings were mandatory and evidence suggests that persuasive individuals could enjoin the prytaneis to call or not to call a supplementary meeting.

The presidency of the boule rotated monthly amongst the ten prytanies, or delegations from the ten Cleisthenic tribes, of the Boule ( there were ten months in the Hellenic calendar ).

The epistates ( ἐπιστάτης ), an official selected by lot for a single day from among the currently presiding prytany, chaired that day's meeting of the boule and, if there was one, that day's meeting of the assembly ; he also held the keys to the treasury and the seal to the city, and welcomed foreign ambassadors.

Pétanque in its present form was invented in 1907 in the town of La Ciotat near Marseilles by a French boule lyonnaise player named Jules Lenoir, whose rheumatism prevented him from running before he threw the ball.

# A boule hitting a boundary is dead and is removed from that end.

* pétanque originally evolved from boule lyonnaise as an adaptation for a player confined to a wheel chair.

The boule can be from one to two metres, depending on the amount of silicon in the crucible.

The Athenian boule under Solon heard appeals from the most important decisions of the courts.

Under the reforms of Cleisthenes enacted in 508 / 7 BC, the boule was expanded to 500 men, 50 men from each of the ten new tribes, also created by Cleisthenes.

The leaders of the boule ( the prytany ) consisted of 50 men chosen from among the 500, and a new prytany was chosen every month.

Cleisthenes created ten new tribes and made the boule consist of 50 men from each of these tribes.

Together with the use of metallization ( to join together the integrated circuits ), and the concept of p-n junction isolation ( from Kurt Lehovec ), the researchers at Fairchild were able to create circuits on a single silicon crystal slice ( a wafer ) from a monocrystalline silicon boule.

Altogether, the boule was responsible for a great portion of the administration of the state, but was granted relatively little latitude for initiative ; the boule's control over policy was executed in its probouleutic, rather than its executive function ; in the former, it prepared measures for deliberation by the assembly, in the latter, it merely executed the wishes of the assembly.

In placing, a boule in front of the jack has much higher value than one at the same distance behind the jack, because intentional or accidental pushing of a front boule generally improves its position.

The region of Avesnes-Sur-Helpe is best known for its distinctive cheeses: the Maroilles and also the " boule d ' Avesnes " ( a local cone-shaped red cheese that is coated in paprika ).

A semiconductor crystal boule is normally cut with a diamond saw into circular wafers, and each wafer is polished to provide substrates suitable for the fabrication of semiconductor devices on its surface.

Each tribe's delegation would be an executive of the boule for one-tenth of the year, so that ten groups of prytaneis served each year, a position granted by sortition.

The winning team receives one point for each boule that it has closer to the jack than the best-placed boule of the opposition.

* games where there is a " run up " to the throw ( for example, boule lyonnaise, bocce volo )

Originally a council of nobles advising a king, boulai evolved according to the constitution of the city ; in oligarchies boule positions might be hereditary, while in democracies members were typically chosen by lot, and served for one year.

Members of the boule served for one year and no man could serve more than twice in his life.

The boule met every day except for festival days and ill-omened days.

At some point in the late fifth century, pay was instituted for those serving in the boule ; this may have been a way to encourage poorer citizens to volunteer, who would otherwise be reluctant to serve.

In ancient Athenian democracy, no citizen could serve on the council of 500, or boule, for two consecutive annual terms, nor for more than two terms in his lifetime, nor be head of the boule more than once.

They ate at public expense in the Tholos, a circular edifice constructed for them next to the boule house.

Silicon boule for the production of wafer ( electronics ) | wafer s

A boule of silicon is the starting material for most of the integrated circuits used today.

Little is known about the constitution of Paros, but inscriptions seem to show that it was modeled on the Athenian democracy, with a boule ( senate ) at the head of affairs.

In cities of ancient Greece, the boule (, boulē ; plural βουλαί, boulai ) was a council of citizens ( βουλευταί, bouleutai ) appointed to run daily affairs of the city.