The brain sends signals through the spinal cord and nerves to regulate activity in the rest of the body.

Depression can be treated by increasing the amount of available serotonin, a chemical used in the brain to transmit signals between neurons.

They send these signals by means of an axon, which is a thin protoplasmic fiber that extends from the cell body and projects, usually with numerous branches, to other areas, sometimes nearby, sometimes in distant parts of the brain or body.

The primary function of the basal ganglia appears to be action selection: they send inhibitory signals to all parts of the brain that can generate motor behaviors, and in the right circumstances can release the inhibition, so that the action-generating systems are able to execute their actions.

Attention is a style of information processing in which a brain focuses its resources on a limited set of interrelated signals.

The brain electrodes send EEG signals to the device, which contains seizure-detection software.

The process is often initiated as a result of sexual arousal, when signals are transmitted from the brain to nerves in the penis.

It disrupts signals between the brain and other parts of the body ; symptoms differ from patient to patient, and have different presentations upon clinical observation and in laboratory studies.

A number of specialized types of neurons exist: sensory neurons respond to touch, sound, light and numerous other stimuli affecting cells of the sensory organs that then send signals to the spinal cord and brain.

Motor neurons receive signals from the brain and spinal cord, cause muscle contractions, and affect glands.

Pain is also " gated " by signals that descend from the brain to the spinal cord to suppress ( and in other cases enhance ) incoming nociception ( pain ) information.

Simplified schema of basic nervous system function: signals are picked up by sensory receptors and sent to the spinal cord and brain, where processing occurs that results in signals sent back to the spinal cord and then out to motor neurons

The clock genes are expressed in many parts of the nervous system as well as many peripheral organs, but in mammals all of these " tissue clocks " are kept in synchrony by signals that emanate from a master timekeeper in a tiny part of the brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus.

Phantom pain is pain felt in a part of the body that has been lost or from which the brain no longer receives signals.

Spinal cord fibers dedicated to carrying A-delta fiber pain signals, and others that carry both A-delta and C fiber pain signals up the spinal cord to the thalamus in the brain have been identified.

Studies with sensory deprivation have shown that the brain is dependent on signals from the outer world to function properly.

The flocculus is a brain region that integrates signals from joints, muscles, skin and balance organs.

The difference in the signals received from the three kinds allows the brain to differentiate a wide gamut of different colors, while being most sensitive ( overall ) to yellowish-green light and to differences between hues in the green-to-orange region.

On August 14, 2012, the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences published an article stating the code which the retina uses to send signals to the brain has been cracked, and scientists have successfully restored full vision to blind mice.

White matter is one of the two components of the central nervous system and consists mostly of glial cells and myelinated axons that transmit signals from one region of the cerebrum to another and between the cerebrum and lower brain centers.

A number of specialized types of neurons exist: sensory neurons respond to touch, sound, light and numerous other stimuli affecting cells of the sensory organs that then send signals to the spinal cord and brain.

Motor neurons receive signals from the brain and spinal cord and cause muscle contractions and affect glands.

In cases of trauma, for example in compound skull fractures where fragments of bone are pushed into the substance of the brain, the cause of the abscess is obvious.

HIFU has been successfully used to treat cancer to destroy tumours of the bone, brain, breast, liver, pancreas, rectum, kidney, testes, and prostate.

It was believed that the cranial bone conformed in order to accommodate the different sizes of these particular areas of the brain in different individuals, so that a person's capacity for a given personality trait could be determined simply by measuring the area of the skull that overlies the corresponding area of the brain.

Unlike the CNS, the PNS is not protected by the bone of spine and skull, or by the blood – brain barrier, leaving it exposed to toxins and mechanical injuries.

In certain cases, bone may be cut to further access the interior of the body ; for example, cutting the skull for brain surgery or cutting the sternum for thoracic ( chest ) surgery to open up the rib cage.

A mallet was used to drive the orbitoclast through the thin layer of bone and into the brain along the plane of the bridge of the nose, around fifteen degrees toward the interhemispherical fissure.

After menopause, estrogen continues to be produced in other tissues, notably the ovaries, but also in bone, blood vessels and even in the brain.

These effects are achieved by an agonistic interaction with estrogen receptors in the brain and bone.

The pituitary fossa, in which the pituitary gland sits, is situated in the sphenoid bone in the middle cranial fossa at the base of the brain.

Gummas are most commonly found in the liver ( gumma hepatis ), but can also be found in brain, heart, skin, bone, testis, and other tissues, leading to a variety of potential problems including neurological disorders or heart valve disease.

Extranodal sites include the skin, brain, bowels and bone.

Several adaptations combine to protect the woodpecker's brain from the substantial pounding that the pecking behaviour causes: it has a relatively thick skull with relatively spongy bone to cushion the brain ; there is very little cerebrospinal fluid in its small subarachnoid space ; the bird contracts mandibular muscles just before impact, thus transmitting the impact past the brain and allowing its whole body to help absorb the shock ; its relatively small brain is less prone to concussion than other animals '.

It can also affect and erode, through the enzymes it produces, the thin bone structure that isolates the top of the ear from the brain, as well as lay the covering of the brain open to infection with serious complications ( rarely even death due to causing a brain abscess and septicemia ).

Both the acquired as well as the congenital types of the disease can affect the facial nerve that extends from the brain to the face and passes through the inner and middle ear and leaves at the anterior tip of the mastoid bone, and then rises to the front of the ear and extends into the upper and lower face.

Some forms of dwarfism are associated with disordered function of other organs, such as the brain or liver, sometimes severely enough to be more of an impairment than the unusual bone growth.

Elephant hunters normally attempt to shoot for the brain, which is much smaller than the size of the elephant's head, and so must be targeted quite precisely, and require a firearm and bullet capable of punching through a foot ( 300 mm ) or more of tough, albeit hollow, bone and reaching the brain.

Skull fractures are usually not life threatening unless the fracture is depressed and impinges on the brain beneath and bone fractures usually heal over a relatively short period.

For example, although a patient may be “ brain dead ”, they may still be considered alive because they can still grow and even reproduce.

If PKU is diagnosed early enough, an affected newborn can grow up with normal brain development, but only by managing and controlling Phe levels through diet, or a combination of diet and medication.

He argued that working memory depends to a large degree on the pre-frontal cortex, which deteriorates more than other brain regions as we grow old.

Modern detractors of Liu Bei suggest that this incident caused A ' dou to suffer from brain damage and grow up to become an incompetent heir to the state of Shu Han established by his father.

If a predator of the spotted salamander manages to dismember a part of a leg, tail, or even parts of the brain / head, then it can grow back a new one, although this takes a massive amount of energy.

Most meningiomas grow from the arachnoid mater inward applying pressure on the pia mater and therefore the brain or spinal cord.

Although the vast majority of neurons in the mammalian brain are formed prenatally, parts of the adult brain retain the ability to grow new neurons from neural stem cells in a process known as neurogenesis.

Tuberous sclerosis or tuberous sclerosis complex ( TSC ) is a rare multi-system genetic disease that causes non-malignant tumors to grow in the brain and on other vital organs such as the kidneys, heart, eyes, lungs, and skin.

As a rule, high-grade gliomas almost always grow back even after complete surgical excision, and so are commonly called recurrent cancer of the brain.

Jobe's powers and abilities continue to grow, although the treatments also affect his mental stability, and he takes revenge on those who abused him when he was " dumb ": Father McKeen is engulfed in flames, a bully named Jake is put into a catatonic state by a mental " lawnmower man " continually mowing his brain, and a lawnmower invention of Jobe's runs down Harold, Peter's abusive father.

After the war, Lundbeck continued to grow and in 1957 the company introduced Truxal for the treatment of schizophrenia, entering the market for brain disorders.

The expanded skull allows the brain to grow to an enormous size ; the resulting mind, even starting from something as " unintelligent " as a chimpanzee, becomes far more intelligent than a typical human.

In this disorder, tumors may grow in the brain and other vital organs like kidneys, heart, eyes, lungs, and skin.

In this condition, noncancerous ( benign ) tumors, hamartomas, grow in the brain.

The Alliance scientists, after numerous tests, found that macaab mushrooms would destroy the implant in Triclops ' mind without causing any damage to his brain and so Luke Skywalker set out on an expedition to the planet Azrid where these mushrooms were found to grow, but the operation to destroy the implant never came to fruition as they found that Triclops had managed to escape from the DRPAC leaving only an impassioned letter to his son, Ken.

Tuberous sclerosis is a rare genetic disorder that causes benign tumors to grow in the brain as well as in other vital organs.

Although the vast majority of neurons in the mammalian brain are formed prenatally, parts of the adult brain ( for example, the hippocampus ) retain the ability to grow new neurons from neural stem cells, a process known as neurogenesis.

In truth, Two-Face had implanted Hyde's brain with the material needed to " grow " an experimental " organic " computer chip, and fed Hyde pills to keep him enraged.

Born Dufus P. Ratchett, he had a malformed brain gland that caused him to grow to incredible proportions but left him mentally retarded.

The neurocranium will not grow when the forces induced by brain growth are not there.

The residents realize that as they grow younger, their previous memories are disappearing and being rewritten with new memories from growing younger, even though the brain has plenty of chromosomes left for memory.

Once in the spine, they crawl through to the brain, where they grow and the life cycle begins anew.