With the collapse of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and its institutions from 1991 to 1992, the issue of unity of the two republics remaining in the collapsing federation, Serbia, Montenegro, as well as Serb breakaway territories in Croatia and Bosnia that wished to remain united, became an issue.

In their only major gain during the year, they overrun a series of government-held garrisons to gain control of strategic areas along the border with the breakaway Soviet republics of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan.

Then, in 2009, Nauru became only the fourth country to recognize the breakaway republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, which are both claimed by Georgia.

The period of the Russian Revolution is complicated philatelically ; post offices across the country were thrown on their own devices, and a number of the factions and breakaway republics issued new kinds of stamps, although in some cases they seem to have been as much for publicity purposes, few genuine uses having been recorded.

During the Yugoslav wars of the 1990s, the concept of a Greater Serbia was widely seen outside of Serbia as the motivating force for the military campaigns undertaken to form and sustain Serbian states on the territories of the breakaway Yugoslav republics of Croatia ( the Republic of Serbian Krajina ) and Bosnia and Herzegovina ( the Republika Srpska ).

Steadily, the units stationed in Ukraine and some other breakaway republics swore loyalty to their new national governments, while a series of treaties between the newly independent states divided up the military's assets.

The loss of recruits and industrial capacity in breakaway republics, as well as the breakdown of the Russian economy, caused a devastating decline in the capacity of post-Soviet Russian armed forces in the decade following 1992.

The South Caucasus region consists of a number of breakaway and autonomous republics in addition to the states of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia recognised by the United Nations.

The breakaway republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, which have effectively maintained independence since declaration, are considered constituent republics of Georgia by the majority of world governments.

Upper Lars is the only land border crossing that does not go through Georgia's Russian-backed breakaway regions of South Ossetia and Abkhazia.

The Georgian government claims to have restored " constitutional order " in the Upper Kodori Gorge-The sole Georgia-controlled part of breakaway region Abkhazia.

The following month RFE / RL introduced a daily, one-hour Russian-language broadcast to the breakaway regions of South Ossetia and Abkhazia.

In 2009 Nauru became the fourth country to recognize the states of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, breakaway regions of Georgia.

HALO fields demining staff both in Georgia proper and in the breakaway region of Abkhazia.

Later in 1992, Basayev traveled to Abkhazia, a breakaway region of Georgia, to assist the local separatist movement against the Georgian government's attempts to regain control of the region — a conflict in which, ultimately, a minority of 93, 000 Abkhaz were successful in ethnically purging a majority of Georgians ( numbering some 250, 000 ) from the region.

" In 1992 – 93 he is widely believed to have received assistance from the GRU when he and his brother Shirvani fought in Abkhazia, a breakaway part of Georgia ".

In 2004, following the Rose Revolution of November 2003, newly elected Georgian President, Mikheil Saakashvili, who vowed to resolve the conflict with the breakaway region of Abkhazia solely by peaceful means, disarmed groups of Megrelians who tried to fight a guerrilla war against the Abkhazians by incursions from Samegrelo.

Krasnodar Krai borders, clockwise from the west, Ukraine — from which it is separated by the Strait of Kerch and the Sea of Azov — Russia's Rostov Oblast, Stavropol Krai, and the Karachay – Cherkess Republic, and Georgia's breakaway republic of Abkhazia.

Illarionov has questioned the official Russian version of the Russian-Georgian war over Georgia's breakaway South Ossetia and Abkhazia.

Nodar Vladimirovich Khashba ( born 1951 in Tkvarcheli ) is a former prime minister of Georgia's breakaway republic of Abkhazia and a former mayor of Sukhumi.

Tamaz Nadareishvili () ( 19 July 1954 – 31 August 2004 ) was a Georgian politician who served as head of the Council of Ministers of Abkhazia, a government-in-exile for the breakaway province.

The Kodori Valley ( also known as the Kodori Gorge, ; ; ) is a river valley in Abkhazia, Georgia's breakaway autonomous republic.

With the restoration of the Georgian jurisdiction in the area, the President of Georgia ordered the Tbilisi-based Government of Abkhazia-in-exile to relocate to the gorge, which would function as a temporary administrative center of breakaway Abkhazia.

On July 9 2012, the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly passed a resolution at its annual session in Monaco, underlining Georgia ’ s territorial integrity and referring to breakaway Abkhazia and South Ossetia as “ occupied territories ”.

Additionally, some low-importance bases situated in the Russian-backed breakaway autonomy of Abkhazia soon escaped any Georgian control.

A breakaway region of Georgia, Abkhazia, has its own hero title, " Hero of Abkhazia ".

It also saw South Ossetia war against Georgia, that followed the Georgia's attempt to take over the breakaway region of South Ossetia.

* The former three breakaway kingdoms of Georgia: Kartli, Kakheti, and Imereti

Speaking to another aspect of the book, Mark Danner, in his review for The New York Times, writes that " the revelation of an effort to steal and sell fissile material in Georgia ’ s now celebrated ' breakaway region ' of South Ossetia ... is only the most terrifying of a dozen or more newsworthy disclosures in this book.

After the Rose Revolution, Okruashvili was appointed the Person Authorized ( governor ) of the President of Georgia in Shida Kartli ( to which breakaway South Ossetia was a de jure part ) in November 2003 and established strong anti-corruption and anti-smuggling measures in the region.

Okruashvili said on May 1, 2006, that he would resign if Georgia failed to restore control over breakaway South Ossetian by January 1, 2007.

On the east, Racha is bordered by breakaway South Ossetia, officially part of Georgia ’ s Shida Kartli region.

The Georgian – Ossetian conflict ( 1918 – 1920 ) comprised a series of uprisings, which took place in the Ossetian-inhabited areas of what is now South Ossetia, a breakaway republic in Georgia, against the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic and then the Menshevik-dominated Democratic Republic of Georgia which claimed several thousand lives.

Mamsurov also supports closer cooperation with South Ossetia, Georgia ’ s breakaway region which seeks integration with Russia though a union with North Ossetia.

In 1896, delegates from the stronger and wealthier VFA clubs — Carlton, Collingwood, Essendon, Fitzroy, Geelong, Melbourne, St Kilda and South Melbourne — met to form a breakaway competition and in 1897, the Victorian Football League ( VFL ), was born as an eight-team competition.

A split in KANU produced the breakaway rival party, the Kenya African Democratic Union ( KADU ), led by R. Ngala and M. Muliro.

The Liberal Democrats were formed in 1988 by a merger of the Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party ( SDP ), a Labour breakaway formed in 1981.

According to Said Aburish, the government of Jordan and a number of Fatah commandos informed Arafat that large-scale Israeli military preparations for an attack on the town were underway, prompting fedayeen groups, such as George Habash's newly formed group the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine ( PFLP ) and Nayef Hawatmeh's breakaway organization the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine ( DFLP ), to withdraw their forces from the town.

Despite a two-goal effort ( one on a shorthanded breakaway ) from Linden ( who was playing with cracked ribs ), Vancouver lost the game by a 3 – 2 score.

* Battle of Châlons ( 274 ), a battle between the Roman Empire and the breakaway Gallic Empire

Colorado City, formerly known as Short Creek ( or the Short Creek Community ), was founded in 1913 by members of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints ( FLDS ), a breakaway sect of the Salt Lake City-based The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ).

Of the eight parties represented in the Riksdag since 2010, all but the Sweden Democrats are found in the assembly, as well as the breakaway Socialist Justice Party headed by former Social Democrat Jan Hägglund ( holding its only seat ), renamed the Workers ' Party in 2011.

Pro-Tokugawa remnants, however, then retreated to northern Honshū ( Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei ) and later to Ezo ( present-day Hokkaidō ), where they established the breakaway Republic of Ezo.

When conflict with the Groupers precipitated a national split in the ALP, leading to the formation of the breakaway Democratic Labor Party ( DLP ), the national organisation of the AWU swung its support behind ALP leader Dr H. V. Evatt and disbanded the Groups.

Rajaji pleaded with him not to repeal prohibition but to no avail and as a result, the Swatantra Party withdrew its support for the state government and instead allied with the Congress ( O ), a breakaway faction of the Indian National Congress led by Kamaraj.

During the end of its issue, when sestertii were reduced in size and quality, the double sestertius was issued first by Trajan Decius ( 249 – 251 AD ) and later in large quantity by the ruler of a breakaway regime in the West called Postumus ( 259 – 268 AD ), who often used worn old sestertii to overstrike his image and legends on.

It runs first through Ukraine and then through Moldova ( where it separates the breakaway territory of Transnistria ), finally discharging into the Black Sea on Ukrainian territory again.

It was originally formed as a breakaway from the National Union of Popular Forces ( UNFP ), a Socialist opposition party which had itself split from the Istiqlal Party in 1959.

* National Socialist Party ( UK ), a breakaway group from the British Socialist Party formed in 1916 ; historically Marxist, it reverted to a previous name as the Social Democratic Federation in 1919 and then merged with the Labour Party.

The AIADMK formed an alliance with the Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP ) and Vaiko's Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam ( MDMK ), another breakaway faction of the DMK, during the parliamentary elections in 1998.

The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate (, Ilkhanan ; Mongolian: Хүлэгийн улс, Hulagu-yn Ulus ), was a Persianate breakaway state of the Mongol Empire, which was ruled by the Mongol House of Hulagu.

According to NHL rules, various infractions during a breakaway that can lead to a penalty shot being awarded include: a goaltender deliberately dislodging a goal-post ( delay of game ), a defending player using a stick or any other part of his body to interfere with the attacking player, a goaltender or other player throwing his stick to distract or hinder the attacking player, or any other foul committed against the attacking player from behind.

Following a lengthy dispute on this point during the early 1890s, representatives of more than 20 prominent northern rugby clubs met in Huddersfield in August 1895 to form the Northern Rugby Football Union ( NRFU ), a breakaway administrative body which would permit payments to be made to players.

* The BBC documentary, Making Millions the Easy Way, addressed the Bringing Down the House period as part of the renowned " Horizon " strand ( directed by Johanna Gibbon ), told the story of a Strategic Investments breakaway group, and revealed the science behind the winning formula.

Made paramount chief of the " Emigrant Thembus ", a breakaway and sub-group to the Thembus, Matanzima's support of the South African government's Bantu Authorities Act ( 1951 ), which looked to foster traditional African leadership structures, gave the Act credibility in the eyes of many chiefs, but saw him part ways with Mandela politically ( although the two initially remained friends, with Matanzima acting as best man at Mandela's wedding ).

With the breakaway of the top clubs in England to form the Premier League in 1992, the BBC regained highlights of matches ( though Sky gained exclusive live rights ), and regular Match of the Day programming resumed with highlights of three main games and for the first time all the goals from the other games played that day.