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calibration and sensors
Products such as real-time clocks, digital potentiometers, digital temperature sensors, among others, may have small amounts of EEPROM to store calibration information or other data that needs to be available in the event of power loss.
With calibration, these sensors have an accuracy of ± 2 % RH in the range 5 – 95 % RH.
The optode sensors can, however, work in the whole region 0 % to 100 % oxygen saturation in water, and the calibration is done the same way as with the Clark type sensor.
Potentiometer position sensors in the motor provide feedback as to the head's absolute position at startup, so Domo does not require a calibration routine before being able to function.
As is true for all sensors, absolute accuracy of a measurement requires a functionality for calibration.
Thermocouple sensors often require a reference DC or microwave power source for calibration before measuring ; this can be built into the power meter.
In many cases no detailed models are applied, but the sensors are calibrated for the specific application, and used with interpolation within the calibration curve.
The optode sensors can however work in the whole region 0 – 100 % oxygen saturation in water, and the calibration is done the same way as with the Clark type sensor.

calibration and terms
These measurements can be considered as secondary realizations ( in a metrological sense ) of the primary definition of ET in terms of the solar motion, after a calibration of the mean motion of the Moon with respect to the mean motion of the Sun.
Several theoretical models have been developed to explain sensorimotor calibration in terms of synaptic plasticity within the cerebellum.
These terms are also used colloquially by scientists and engineers to describe phenomena that can be neglected as not significant ( e. g., " Of course the rotation of the earth affects our experiment, but it's such a high-order effect that we wouldn't be able to measure it " or " At these velocities, relativity is a fourth-order effect that we only worry about at the annual calibration.
Such a curve is typically used when an instrument uses a sensor whose calibration varies from one sample to another, or changes with time or use ; if sensor output is consistent the instrument would be marked directly in terms of the measured unit.
Also, in absolute terms, R < sub > 1 </ sub > – being an electrical quantity and not a frequency – is more severely affected by calibration problems than the bandwidth.

calibration and particle
* Because optical properties depend on suspended particle size, a stable synthetic material called " Formazin " with uniform particle size is often used as a standard for calibration and reproducibility.
In Elsinga et al., a parameteric study was performed where parameters such as number of MART iterations, number of cameras, viewing directions, particle image density, calibration accuracy, and image noise were varied.
Spirit also performed a dust calibration with the alpha particle X-ray spectrometer.

calibration and parameters
If indeed the properties of Type Ia supernovae are different at large distances, i. e. if the extrapolation of their calibration to arbitrary distances is not valid, ignoring this variation can dangerously bias the reconstruction of the cosmological parameters, in particular the reconstruction of the matter density parameter.
For example, model calibration can be also used to refer to Bayesian inference about the value of a model's parameters, given some data set, or more generally to any type of fitting of a statistical model.
As a general guide, in this article learning about the model parameters using data from the system is referred to as ( model ) calibration, while learning about the system behaviour itself as ( system ) prediction.
The Vasicek, Rendleman – Bartter and CIR models have only a finite number of free parameters and so it is not possible to specify these parameter values in such a way that the model coincides with observed market prices (" calibration ").
Even when many measurements are processed simultaneously, it is not unusual that the linear equation system is sparse, because some measurements turn out to be independent of some state or calibration parameters.
Its optimality depends essentially on use of the error variances and covariances between all measurements and the estimated state and calibration parameters.
This is the FKF method that may make it computationally possible to estimate a much larger number of state and calibration parameters than an ordinary Kalman recursion can do.
Instead, in-situ dust detectors are generally devised to measure parameters associated with the high-velocity impact of dust particles on the instrument, and then derive physical properties of the particles ( usually mass and velocity ) through laboratory calibration ( i. e. impacting accelerated particles with known properties onto a laboratory replica of the dust detector ).

calibration and is
The Bureau is pursuing an active program to provide a temperature scale and thermometer calibration services in the range 1.5 to 20 Af.
The method of standard addition is used in instrumental analysis to determine concentration of a substance ( analyte ) in an unknown sample by comparison to a set of samples of known concentration, similar to using a calibration curve.
Standard addition can be applied to most analytical techniques and is used instead of a calibration curve to solve the matrix effect problem.
Each of these stages includes the risk of interference in case the degree of phase transfer is different for the analyte in the calibration standard and in the sample.
In cases where the density of the air is significantly different from the calibration value ( as on a high mountain, or with an exceptionally low barometer ) an allowance must be made.
However, phthalocyanine is more sensitive than cyanine to writing laser power calibration, meaning that the power level used by the writing laser has to be more accurately adjusted for the disc in order to get a good recording ; this may erode the benefits of dye stability, as marginally written discs ( with higher correctable error rates ) will lose data ( i. e. have uncorrectable errors ) after less dye degradation than well written discs ( with lower correctable error rates ).
Furthermore, correct power calibration of the laser in the writer, as well as correct timing of the laser pulses, stable disc speed, and so on., is critical to not only the immediate readability but the longevity of the recorded disc, so for archiving it is important to have not only a high quality disc but a high quality writer.
It is possible to construct an electrometer-type radiation meter called the Kearny Fallout Meter, which does not require batteries or professional calibration, from properly-scaled plans with just a coffee can or pail, gypsum board, monofilament fishing line, and aluminum foil.
The radioactive but long-lived Ho-166m1 ( see " Isotopes " above ) is used in calibration of gamma ray spectrometers .< ref >
The presence of the measuring instrument inevitably acts to divert flow and create turbulence, so its shape is critical to accuracy and the calibration curves are often non-linear.
Piston-type gauges counterbalance the pressure of a fluid with a spring ( for example tire-pressure gauges of comparatively low accuracy ) or a solid weight, in which case it is known as a deadweight tester and may be used for calibration of other gauges.
The amount of deflection is repeatable for known pressures so the pressure can be determined by using calibration.
The calibration of an ion gauge is unstable and dependent on the nature of the gases being measured, which is not always known.
Ionization gauge calibration is very sensitive to construction geometry, chemical composition of gases being measured, corrosion and surface deposits.
The highest quality mica film is used to manufacture capacitors for calibration standards.
To implement this approach to calibration, the electrode is first immersed in a standard solution and the reading on a pH meter is adjusted to be equal to the standard buffer's value.
The calibration is usually carried out using a Gran plot.
To obtain the correct response, a gamma correction is used in encoding the image data, and possibly further corrections as part of the color calibration process of the device.
While negligible for most human activities, terrestrial tides ' semi-diurnal amplitude can reach about at the equator — due to the sun — which is important in GPS calibration and VLBI measurements.
Over large changes in temperature, calibration is necessary.
It is an Inertial Guidance System with an additional Star-Sighting system, which is used to correct small position and velocity errors that result from launch condition uncertainties due to the sub navigation system errors and some errors that have accrued by the guidance system during the flight due to imperfect instrument calibration.

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