Borderline intellectual functioning is a categorization where a person has below average cognitive ability ( an IQ of 71 – 85 ), but the deficit is not as severe as mental retardation ( 70 or below ).

Research carried out by Stephen C. Levinson and other cognitive scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics has reported three basic kinds of spatial categorization and while many languages use combinations of them some languages exhibit only one kind of spatial categorization and corresponding differences in behavior.

Taxonomy, or categorization, in the human cognition has been a major area of research in psychology.

Though some controversies remain as to the categorization of the field under earth sciences, interdisciplinary sciences or as a separate field in its own right, most modern workers in the field agree that it has matured to a state that it has its own paradigms and practices.

Described by many as about " the meaning of life " or " gender identification " or " the hollow existence of the American suburbs ", the film has defied categorization by even the filmmakers.

Those works are published and marketed as historical fantasy, though the author himself has expressed a preference to shy away from genre categorization when possible.

It has also been suggested that categorization based on prototypes is the basis for human development, and that this learning relies on learning about the world via embodiment.

Spindler ’ s typology of magic realism has been criticized as “... an act of categorization which seeks to define Magic Realism as a culturally specific project, by identifying for his readers those ( non-modern ) societies where myth and magic persist and where Magic Realism might be expected to occur.

An article on the categorization of new religious movements in U. S. print media published by The Association for the Sociology of Religion ( formerly the American Catholic Sociological Society ), criticizes the print media for failing to recognize social-scientific efforts in the area of new religious movements, and its tendency to use popular or anti-cultist definitions rather than social-scientific insight, and asserts that " The failure of the print media to recognize social-scientific efforts in the area of religious movement organizations impels us to add yet another failing mark to the media report card Weiss ( 1985 ) has constructed to assess the media's reporting of the social sciences.

It operates with collectively shared pseudonyms and identities, pranks, paradoxes, plagiarism and fakes, and has created multiple contradicting definitions of itself in order to defy categorization and historization.

* United States Consumer Guide's categorization which sorts luxury vehicles by size acknowledges that there can be considerable price variations within a class ; for instance the Lincoln Town Car has a relatively low MSRP ( Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price ) compared to the Jaguar XJ, BMW 7 Series, Lexus LS, or Mercedes-Benz S-Class.

* Carlism's long active history — it has been an important force for over 170 years — and the fact that it attracted a large and diverse following, makes a comprehensive categorization more difficult.

SWOT analysis is just one method of categorization and has its own weaknesses.

Research on bottlenose dolphins has examined mimicry, use of artificial language, object categorization and self-recognition.

The categorization of journal prestige in some subjects has been attempted, typically using letters to rank their academic world importance.

Such research has been ongoing since the late 1970s, and includes the specific topics of: acoustic mimicry, behavioral mimicry ( inter-and intra-specific ), comprehension of novel sequences in an artificial language ( including non-finite state grammars as well as novel anomalous sequences ), memory, monitoring of self-behaviors ( including reporting on these, as well as avoiding or repeating them ), reporting on the presence and absence of objects, object categorization, discrimination and matching ( identity matching to sample, delayed matching to sample, arbitrary matching to sample, matching across echolocation and vision, reporting that no identity match exists, etc.

The historian Robert Darnton has argued that this categorization of religion as being subject to human reason, and not a source of knowledge in and of itself ( revelation ), was a significant factor in the controversy surrounding the work.

This discriminatory categorization used in Algeria was abolished in 1944, and has never been used in metropolitan France where, during the whole of the war, only " 1 " and " 2 " ( for male and female ) was used.

Although most of the attention to alternative media has focused on the politics of production and categorization of different kinds of media, there has been growing interest in the audiences of alternative media.

According to their record label releases, their sound is " the perfect balance of a Scandinavian glow and the international pop song that has been instrumental in forming the compelling sound of the band ", though the lead singer and song writer Jascha Richter disagrees with this, maintaining that the music defies geographical categorization.

The name of the book has since become used commonly, often as a dismissive categorization of all popular psychology philosophies as being overly accepting.

Despite the constant categorization of Metheny's music as " fusion ", it was always his intention to create improvised music that had a greater emphasis on bringing out harmony than anything common to what was called " fusion " of the time.

There are also online galleries that have been developed by a collaboration of museums and galleries that are more interested with the categorization of art.

Based on this categorization he calculated that in 1959 29 % per cent of the GNP in the USA had been produced in knowledge industries.

While other categories have been proposed, Advergaming normally falls into one of three categories which are derived from a historical categorization technique normally applied to traditional media:

He disputed their categorization as protest songs and mused that Dylan's songs about oppressed " heroes " may have been a reflection of Dylan's own feelings at the time.

Birds have been shown to possess highly sophisticated cognitive abilities, such as the toolmaking of the New Caledonian crow and the language-like categorization abilities of the African Gray Parrot.

Since many medical conditions, sports moves, bridge and chess techniques, buildings, prizes, and other things have been named after people, these are not included in this category, as categorization on the basis of having been named for a person is considered to be overcategorization based on trivial aspects of the article.

As the distinction between the sub-regions blurred over the years, this categorization has now been adjusted to Shifeng Longjing, Meijiawu Longjing, with the remaining known collectively as Xihu Longjing.

However, System went rogue, deciding that the entire universe needed categorization, and has since been working to collect everything in existence and bring about the apocalypse.

This categorization of criminal should only be used for individuals that are notable criminals, notable as criminals and not just for people primarily notable for something else but that have been convicted of a crime.

However, this categorization has been challenged by historian Martin Gainsborough, who notes that Phiêu made some remarkably outspoken comments about problems in the party before the Tenth Party Congress.

More recently such categorization has been noted in the Caribbean.

Not only were new applicants from India denied the privilege of naturalization, the new Asian classification suggested that retroactive revocation of naturalized status was appropriate, a point that some courts upheld when prosecutors argued that Indians who had applied for naturalized status using the Caucasian categorization improperly had been granted naturalized citizen status.

This categorization method has been replicated by others and is comparable to the CURB-65 in predicting mortality.

Although many labels have been applied to his music, it defies simple genre categorization, including elements of old-time, folk, punk, medieval, gypsy and Native American music.

Toward the turn of the twentieth century, a number of anthropologists became dissatisfied with this categorization of cultural elements ; historical reconstructions also came to seem increasingly speculative to them.

The number of Conservative groups, their lack of stability, and their tendency to be identified with local issues defy simple categorization.

* auditory phonetics is concerned with speech perception: the perception, categorization, and recognition of speech sounds and the role of the auditory system and the brain in the same.

Recent research with non-linguistic experiments in languages with different grammatical properties ( e. g. languages with and without numeral classifiers or with different gender grammar systems ) showed that there are — to a certain degree — differences in human categorization due to such differences.

The categorization of patients based on the severity of their injuries can be aided with the use of printed triage tags or coloured flagging.

Under this categorization, the fur seals comprised two genera: Callorhinus in the North Pacific with a single representative, the Northern Fur Seal ( C. ursinus ) and eight species in the southern hemisphere under the genus Arctocephalus, while the sea lions comprise five species under five genera.

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck worked independently on cloud categorization and came up with a different naming scheme that failed to make an impression even in his home country of France because it used unusual French names for cloud types.

This modern categorization does not conflict with the Hebrew Bible, since it holds that the diversity of human languages originated at the Tower of Babel.

There is ongoing debate over whether there is a semantic significance to the categorization of nouns as animate or inanimate, with scholars arguing for it as either a clearly semantic issue, or a purely syntactic issue, along with a variety of arguments in between.

* FallacyFiles. org contains categorization of fallacies with examples.

In Parenthesis, which was published by Faber and Faber with an introduction by T. S. Eliot, was written in a mixture of verse and prose: it defies categorization as either poem or novel.

Invasive species, also called invasive exotics or simply exotics, is a nomenclature term and categorization phrase used for flora and fauna, and for specific restoration-preservation processes in native habitats, with several definitions.

Typical taxonomies in zoology for example exhibit categorization at the embodied level, with similarities leading to formulation of " higher " categories, and differences leading to differentiation within categories.

Wubi should not be confused with the Wubihua ( 五笔画 ) method, which is a different input method that shares the categorization into five stroke types with Wubi.

Philologists and literary scholars usually designate three main genealogical groups for the entire range of available manuscripts, with two primary versions comprising the oldest known copies: * AB and * C. This categorization derives from the signatures on the * A, * B, and * C manuscripts as well as the wording of the last verse in each source: " daz ist der Nibelunge liet " or " daz ist der Nibelunge nôt ".

With this categorization of signals, a system can then be characterized as to which type of signals it deals with:

A definition change in the term during the early 1970s makes categorization of the systems more complex, as many kona lows are extratropical cyclones, complete with their own weather fronts.

Present-day ethnomusicologists, such as Margaret Kartomi ( page 173 ), and Ellingson ( PhD dissertation, 1979, p. 544 ) suggest that, in keeping with the spirit of the original Hornbostel Sachs classification scheme, of categorization by what first produces the initial sound in the instrument, that only subcategory 53 should remain in the electrophones category.