Early descriptions of the production process and glazing techniques used for bricks can be found in the Song Dynasty carpenter's manual Yingzao Fashi, published in 1103 by the government official Li Jie, who was put in charge of overseeing public works for the central government's construction agency.

Controlling the budget deficit remains the single biggest challenge for the country's economic policy makers, as interest costs on the accumulated central government debt consumes the equivalent of 30 % of the government's total revenues.

Chiang especially antagonized Li by taking possession of ( and moving to Taiwan ) US $ 200 million of gold and US dollars belonging to the central government that Li desperately needed to cover the government's soaring expenses.

In its role as the central bank of the United States, the Fed serves as a banker's bank and as the government's bank.

The banking authorities, whether central or not, " monetize " the deficit, printing money to pay for the government's efforts to survive.

The Russian statehood survived the " Time of Troubles " and the rule of weak or corrupt Tsars because of the strength of the government's central bureaucracy.

In the 19th century, the government's policy was to send the heretics away from the center of the country into Caucasus, especially Armenia, Azerbaijan, Ukraine, central Asia, and Siberia.

This devolution of power weakened the central government's grip on the whole country, a weakness further aggravated by foreign powers vying to carve up autonomous colonial territories in different parts of the Qing Empire in the later half of the 19th century.

On 23 January 2003, in an attempt to support the bolivar and bolster the government's declining level of international reserves, as well as to mitigate the adverse impact from the oil industry work stoppage on the financial system, the Ministry of Finance and the central bank suspended foreign exchange trading.

The Chinese government would step in and overtake this trend, issuing the central government's official banknote in the 1120s.

He continued as a central figure on the left of the party and, at the 1981 Conservative Party conference, openly criticised the government's economic policies – namely monetarism, which had seen inflation cut from 27 % in 1979 to 4 % by 1983, but had seen unemployment double from around 1, 500, 000 to a postwar high of more than 3, 000, 000 during that time.

Afterwards most of eastern China was under the Nanjing central government's control, and the Nanjing government received prompt international recognition as the sole legitimate government of China.

Since 1997 most of the Taiwan provincial government's functions have been transferred to the central government of the Republic of China following a constitutional amendment.

In an encounter with a Hong Kong reporter in 2000 regarding the central government's apparent " imperial order " of supporting Tung Chee-hwa to seek a second term as Chief Executive of Hong Kong, Jiang branded the Hong Kong journalists as " too simple, sometimes naive " in English.

By that time however, the Greek provisional government's land and sea forces were far inferior to those of the Ottomans and Egyptians: in 1827, Greek regular troops numbered less than 5, 000, compared to 25, 000 Ottomans in central Greece and 15, 000 Egyptians in the Peloponnese.

The central government's quick response to the disaster was instrumental in galvanizing general support from the population amidst harsh criticism directed towards China's handling of the Lhasa riots only two months ago.

The Northern Taiwan Region is served by Taipei, the central government's administrative headquarters and de facto capital.

Japanese lawmakers endorsed the acting Bank of Japan chief as its governor April 9, 2008, Masaaki Shirakawa, ending a power vacuum at the central bank's helm by approving the government's third candidate for the job.

New native authorities, appointed by the governor, were given wide powers of local government under the supervision of the central government's provincial commissioners, who assured that their policies would be those of the central government.

The provincial authority was part of the central government's executive branch, not directly elected.

The government explained that the declaration was in response to the central government's " domination over the provincial council authorities ".

For example, the Northern Ireland Assembly has been suspended four times, with its powers reverting to the central government's Northern Ireland Office.

His training in business and law, unique in the UFA caucus, gave him a central role in most of the government's initiatives ; he also led the defense against attacks from the Liberal opposition, and eventually became responsible for setting the agenda for cabinet meetings.

The Archbishop of Canterbury plays a central part in national ceremonies such as coronations ; due to his high public profile, his opinions are often in demand by the news media.

Alexandria Airport is a public use airport located southeast of the central business district of Alexandria.

* A statue of Béla Bartók stands in Brussels, Belgium near the central train station in a public square, Spanjeplein-Place d ' Espagne.

The Anthropology Library is especially large, with 120, 000 volumes However, the Paul Hamlyn Library, which had become the central reference library of the British Museum and the only library there freely open to the general public, closed permanently in August 2011.

Usually, a government declares its currency ( including notes and coins issued by the central bank ) to be legal tender, making it unlawful to not accept it as a means of repayment for all debts, public and private.

A central bank, reserve bank, or monetary authority is a public institution that manages a state's currency, money supply, and interest rates.

As the first public bank to " offer accounts not directly convertible to coin ", the Bank of Amsterdam established in 1609 is considered to be the precursor to modern central banks.

Although the perception by the public may be that the " central bank " controls some or all interest rates and currency rates, economic theory ( and substantial empirical evidence ) shows that it is impossible to do both at once in an open economy.

According to Bruce L. Olsen, director of public affairs for the church, " The logo re-emphasizes the official name of the church and the central position of the Savior in its theology.

The central concept of utilitarianism, which was developed by Jeremy Bentham, was that that public policy should seek to provide " the greatest happiness of the greatest number ".

This system though is not very reliable and lacks discipline, the high number of public cars that transit the roads, and the fact that they do not lend itself to regulation or central control, which causes frequent transit problems among city roads.

He therefore advocated active policy responses by the public sector, including monetary policy actions by the central bank and fiscal policy actions by the government to stabilize output over the business cycle

Policy on buying and stocking Blyton's books by British public libraries drew attention in newspaper reports from the early 1960s to the end of the 1970s, as local decisions were made by a London borough, Birmingham, Nottingham and other central libraries.

The FSM public sector plays a central role in the economy as the administrator of the Compact money.

Hayek also played a central role in Milton Friedman's intellectual development: " My interest in public policy and political philosophy was rather casual before I joined the faculty of the University of Chicago.

The original part St Leonards was laid out in the early 19th century as a new town: a place of elegant houses designed for the well-off ; it also included a central public garden, a hotel, an archery, assembly rooms and a church.

Performance statistics for individual hedge funds are difficult to obtain, as the funds have historically not been required to report their performance to a central repository and restrictions against public offerings and advertisement have led many managers to refuse to provide performance information publicly.

Pei hoped the lobby would be exciting to the public in the same way as the central room of the Guggenheim Museum in New York.

172 Indian members of central and provincial legislatures resigned in support of the resolution and in accordance with Indian public sentiment.

The central line of the Kaddish in Jewish tradition is the congregation's response: י ְ ה ֵ א ש ְׁ מ ֵ ה ּ ר ַ ב ָּ א מ ְ ב ָ ר ַ ך ְ ל ְ ע ָ ל ַ ם ו ּ ל ְ ע ָ ל ְ מ ֵ י ע ָ ל ְ מ ַ י ָּ א ( Yehei shmëh rabba mevarakh lealam ulalmey almaya, " May His great name be blessed for ever, and to all eternity "), a public declaration of God's greatness and eternality.

Advocates of Keynesian economics argue that private sector decisions sometimes lead to inefficient macroeconomic outcomes which require active policy responses by the public sector, particularly monetary policy actions by the central bank and fiscal policy actions by the government to stabilize output over the business cycle.

Although the Basic Law states that the Macau SAR government may " when necessary " ask the central government to allow the garrison to assist in maintaining public order or disaster relief, Chief Executive Ho has said that, in keeping with the Basic Law the garrison will play no role in internal security.

Local councils are responsible for the general upkeep and embellishment of the locality, local wardens, and refuse collection, and carry out general administrative duties for the central government such as collection of government rents and funds, and answering government-related public inquiries.