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The chaebol was forced to sell or relinquish control in many of their subsidiary interests including the SsangYong Motor Company ; the Ssangyong Paper Co., now controlled by Hankook P & G ; Ssangyong Cement Industrial Co., Ltd, now owned by the shipping company, Afro-Asia ; Yongpyung Resort, Ssangyong Heavy Industries, Ssangyong Precision Industry Co., Ssangyong Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd, and Riverside Cement, now controlled by Texas Industries, Inc ; and Ssangyong Oil Refining Co., sold to Aramco in 1999.
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chaebol and was
point to a joint-venture between what was then Decca, later Racal Avionics, now part of Thales Group, at Shannon Corner and a Korean chaebol in the 1950s as the start of the community.
Korean chaebol Daewoo became a casualty of the crisis as it was dismantled by the government in 1999 due to debt problems.
Mong-koo, announced that he was not going to resign as chairman of Hyundai Motors Co. and Kia Motors Corp. On the contrary, Mong-hun dutifully announced his resignation from all but one of his positions in the chaebol, including the group chairmanship.
Korean for " Great Universe ") or the Daewoo Group was a major South Korean chaebol ( conglomerate ).
Access to foreign technology also was critical to the growth of the chaebol through the 1980s.
The tremendous growth that the chaebol experienced, beginning in the early 1960s, was closely tied to the expansion of South Korean exports.
President Kim Young-sam began to challenge the chaebol, but it was not until the Asian financial crisis in 1997 that the weaknesses of the system were widely understood.
Hyundai (; ) was a multinational conglomerate company headquartered in Seoul and one of the largest South Korean chaebol.
Hyundai Group was a South Korean chaebol, controlled by Chung Ju-yung until his death in 2001, which has been broken up into numerous independent companies.
chaebol and forced
In 1998, when the economic crisis forced most of the chaebol to cut back, Daewoo added 14 new firms to its existing 275 subsidiaries, in a year where the group lost a total of 550 billion won ($ 458 million ) on sales of 62 trillion won ($ 51 billion ).
chaebol and control
Examples of this have been argued to include the keiretsu of post-war Japan, the print media in India, the chaebol of South Korea, and the powerful families who control much of the investment in Latin America.
* A crackdown on antitrust laws and inheritance taxes would impede the ability of families to retain control over their chaebol.
chaebol and many
The team's principal sponsor, Doosan, is primarily involved in construction and heavy industry, although like many Korean chaebol it has an extremely wide-ranging portfolio of interests.
chaebol and their
A chaebol is also inheritable, as most of current presidents of chaebols succeeded their fathers or grandfathers.
At the end of 1997, South Korea ’ s four biggest chaebol had a debt of nearly five times their equity.
The chaebol continued their explosive growth in export markets in the 1980s.
Many of the chaebol had become severely indebted to finance their expansion, not only to state industrial banks, but to independent banks and their own financial services subsidiaries.
* The chaebol were to decentralize their management and encourage the hiring of professional managers.
Most of the former subsidiaries of the Hyundai chaebol continue to be run by Chung's sons or their heirs.
Many conglomerates in South Korea ( chaebol ) and Japan ( keiretsu ), call divisions or companies responsible for capital-intensive manufacturing ( shipbuilding, mining, industrial machinery ) their " heavy industry " group.
The Korean ruling class, or Korean power elite, represent those Koreans, who as a result of their upbringing, access to elite educational institutions — particularly overseas studies — as well as extensive family resources, especially access to chaebol wealth and influential social connections, are able to assume positions of influence, privilege and authority in Korean society.
chaebol and SsangYong
The Ssangyong Cement Industrial Co., Ltd is now the core company in the SsangYong chaebol.
chaebol and Motor
In 2004, Hyundai Motor Company had $ 57. 2 billion in sales in South Korea making it the country's second largest corporation, or chaebol.
chaebol and ;
The government provided the blueprints for industrial expansion ; the chaebol realized the plans.
In the 1950s and early 1960s, chaebol concentrated on wigs and textiles ; by the mid-1970s and 1980s, heavy, defense, and chemical industries had become predominant.
chaebol and Co
SK Telecom Co., Ltd. ( Hangul: SK텔레콤 or 에스케이텔레콤 ) is a South Korean wireless telecommunications operator, controlled by the SK Group, one of the country's largest chaebol.
chaebol and .,
In effect, his policies were to make for a fairer market by holding the powerful chaebol ( conglomerates ) accountable, e. g., greater transparency in accounting practices.
chaebol and controlled
* Management: chaebol controlled by the owner's family or the largest shareholders
chaebol and by
In South Korea, the chaebol are a type of conglomerate owned and operated by a family.
Driven by the urgent need to turn the economy away from consumer goods and light industries toward heavy, chemical, and import-substitution industries, political leaders and government planners relied on the ideas and cooperation of the chaebol leaders.
The following charts list chaebol in order by different categories.
chaebol and Heavy
In 1988 a member of a chaebol family, Chung Mong-jun, president of Hyundai Heavy Industries, successfully ran for the National Assembly.
chaebol and Industries
The Federation of Korean Industries, a consortium of chaebol, has taken a leading role in resisting changes.
chaebol and 1999
Of the 30 largest chaebol, 11 collapsed between July 1997 and June 1999.
chaebol and .
South Korean conglomerates, called chaebol, are often compared to keiretsu, but the chaebol conglomerations are much more similar to a Western conglomerate like General Electric than pre-World War II zaibatsu.
Cooperating with the government, these businesses would later become the chaebol.
With government assistance, Chung and his family members rapidly expanded into various industries, eventually becoming South Korea's second biggest chaebol.
Japanese keiretsu ( 系列 ) and South Korean chaebol ( which tend to be family-controlled ) are corporate groups which consist of complex interlocking business relationships and shareholdings.
Cross-shareholding are an essential feature of keiretsu and chaebol groups.
However, like the chaebol, South Korea's government did not escape unscathed.
It became one of the Big Four chaebol in South Korea.
It increased access to resources, promoted exports, financed industrialization, and provided protection from competition to the chaebol in exchange for a company's political support.
In the beginning, the Korean government instigated a series of five-year plans under which the chaebol were required to achieve a number of basic objectives.
Small private companies were encouraged, protectionist import restrictions were loosened, and the government reduced positive discrimination, to encourage free market trade and to force the chaebol to be more aggressive abroad.
* Government intervention: Government policy served as a double edged sword: it protected the chaebol, providing them with massive subsidies, unlimited cheap credit, and protection against foreign competition.
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