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The charge-coupled device was invented in 1969 at AT & T Bell Labs by Willard Boyle and George E. Smith.
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A charge-coupled device ( CCD ) is a device for the movement of electrical charge, usually from within the device to an area where the charge can be manipulated, for example conversion into a digital value.
The first KH-11 KENNAN reconnaissance satellite equipped with charge-coupled device array ( pixels ) technology for imaging was launched in December 1976.
Transmission electron microscopes function in a manner similar to overhead projector, with a beam of electrons passing through a slice of material then being projected by lenses on a photographic slide or a charge-coupled device.
Alternatively, the image can be photographically recorded by exposing a photographic film or plate directly to the electron beam, or a high-resolution phosphor may be coupled by means of a lens optical system or a fibre optic light-guide to the sensor of a CCD ( charge-coupled device ) camera.
There are two types: ( 1 ) a telescopic rod lens system, that is usually connected to a video camera ( single chip or three chip ), or ( 2 ) a digital laparoscope where the charge-coupled device is placed at the end of the laparoscope, eliminating the rod lens system.
These sensors may use CMOS or charge-coupled device ( CCD ) technology, depending on the application.
In 1981, Sony unveiled the first consumer camera to use a charge-coupled device for imaging, eliminating the need for film: the Sony Mavica.
Digital cameras use an electronic image sensor based on light-sensitive electronics such as charge-coupled device ( CCD ) or complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor ( CMOS ) technology.
Digital cameras use photosensitive electronics, either charge-coupled device ( CCD ) or complementary metal – oxide – semiconductor ( CMOS ) image sensors, consisting of a large number of single sensor elements, each of which records a measured intensity level.
With the arrival of commercially viable charge-coupled device ( CCD ) technology in the 1980s, first the pickup tubes were replaced with this kind of sensors.
Currently available scanners typically use charge-coupled device ( CCD ) or contact image sensor ( CIS ) as the image sensor, whereas older drum scanners use a photomultiplier tube as the image sensor.
The intensities of these reflections may be recorded with photographic film, an area detector or with a charge-coupled device ( CCD ) image sensor.
As a more specific example, Canon developed an autofocusing camera that uses a charge-coupled device ( CCD ) to measure the clarity of the image in six regions of its field of view and use the information provided to determine if the image is in focus.
Steven Sasson as an engineer at Eastman Kodak invented and built the first digital camera using a charge-coupled device image sensor in 1975.
There are two types of laparoscope: ( 1 ) a telescopic rod lens system, that is usually connected to a video camera ( single chip or three chip ), or ( 2 ) a digital laparoscope where the charge-coupled device is placed at the end of the laparoscope, eliminating the rod lens system.
The detector is typically a photomultiplier tube, a photodiode, a photodiode array or a charge-coupled device ( CCD ).
UV-visible spectroscopy of microscopic samples is done by integrating an optical microscope with UV-visible optics, white light sources, a monochromator, and a sensitive detector such as a charge-coupled device ( CCD ) or photomultiplier tube ( PMT ).
A charge-coupled device ( CCD ) scanner in the image projector picks up a scanned video image of this area, and a processor correlates the image area and extracts the digital data as an AC-3 bitstream.
Originally images were captured by photographic film but modern developments in CMOS and charge-coupled device ( CCD ) cameras allow the capture of digital images.
* George E. Smith ( born 1930 ), winner of the 2009 Nobel Prize winner in Physics for his work on the charge-coupled device.
* George E. Smith ( born 1930 ), co-inventor of the charge-coupled device, received Nobel Prize in Physics
After the photographic plate, successive generations of electronic detectors, such as the charge-coupled device ( CCDs ), have been perfected, each with more sensitivity and resolution, and often with a wider wavelength coverage.
charge-coupled and was
Before the use of charge-coupled devices, there was no way of recording the image of the planet in the brief moment other than having the observer remember the image and draw it later.
At Bell Labs in 1970, Amelio was on the team that demonstrated the first working charge-coupled device ( CCD ).
In older video cameras, before the mid to late 1980s, a video camera tube or pickup tube was used instead of a charge-coupled device ( CCD ) for converting an optical image into an electrical signal.
KH-11 was the first reconnaissance satellite equipped with charge-coupled device ( CCD ) array technology for imaging which had a resolution of.
Because the SXT utilized a charge-coupled device ( CCD ) as its readout device, perhaps being the first X-ray astronomical telescope to do so, its " data cube " of images was both extensive and convenient, and it revealed much interesting detail about the behavior of the solar corona.
During the 1980s, the introduction of the charge-coupled device in telescopes in combination with higher-capacity computers for image analysis allowed for more efficient deep-sky surveys than was practical using photography.
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It is situated at 1300 m altitude and houses an optical telescope with a charge-coupled device used for asteroid surveys.
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The illumination measured by a photocell sensor does not necessarily correspond to what is perceived by the human eye, and without filters which may be costly, photocells and charge-coupled devices ( CCD ) tend to respond to some infrared, ultraviolet or both.
Use of photographic plates has declined significantly since the early 1980s, replaced by charge-coupled devices ( CCD ).
Study of Saturn's moons has also been aided by advances in telescope instrumentation, primarily the introduction of digital charge-coupled devices which replaced photographic plates.
Detection is by a charge-coupled device ( CCD ) camera.
Its detector consists of two butted 2048x4096, 15 µm / pixel charge-coupled devices ( CCDs ) for a total of 16 megapixels manufactured by Scientific Imaging Technologies ( SITe ).
The D2X uses a DX format CMOS sensor supplied by Sony instead of either a charge-coupled device or the Nikon proprietary LBCAST sensor which had both dominated Nikon's digital SLR lineup until the D2X.
This is done by using a small charge-coupled device ( CCD ) ( similar to ones in consumer camcorders ) inside the viewfinder.
Super CCD is a proprietary charge-coupled device that has been developed by Fujifilm since 1999.
The fluorescence is then captured by a charge-coupled device ( CCD ) camera.
These photons can be collected by a photomultiplier tube ( PMT ) or a charge-coupled device ( CCD ) camera.
A time delay and integration ( TDI ) charge-coupled device ( CCD ) is widely used for observation of high speed moving objects undetectable by classic CCD.
charge-coupled and .
In the 1980s, charge-coupled devices ( CCDs ) replaced photographic plates and reduced optical uncertainties to one milliarcsecond.
These arrays should not be confused with charge-coupled devices.
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