* 1877 – Francis William Aston, English chemist and physicist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1945 )

* November 20 – Francis William Aston, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate ( b. 1877 )

* September 1 – Francis William Aston, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1945 )

William Francis Giauque ( May 12, 1895 – March 28, 1982 ) was an American chemist and Nobel laureate recognized in 1949 for his studies in the properties of matter at temperatures close to absolute zero.

The Nobel Prize-winning chemist and physicist Francis William Aston was born in Harborne in 1877.

Francis William Aston FRS ( 1 September 1877 – 20 November 1945 ) was a British chemist and physicist who won the 1922 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole number rule.

* S. Francis Boys ( 1911 – 1972 ), English theoretical chemist

* Francis William Aston, British chemist and physicist who won the 1922 Nobel Prize in Chemistry

* Francis Rose CBE, chemist, Research Manager from 1954-71 of the Pharmaceutical Division of ICI where he developed sulphamerazine, and developed the anti-malaria drug Paludrine during the war 1920-7

* Francis I. du Pont, chemist

* Charles Francis Schnabel ( 1895-1974 ), American agricultural chemist.

* Francis Robert Japp, ( 1848 – 1928 ), chemist

Francis Preston Venable ( November 17, 1856 – March 17, 1934 ) was a chemist, educator, and president of the University of North Carolina ( UNC ).

* 1705 – William Cookworthy, English chemist ( d. 1780 )

* 1766 – William Hyde Wollaston, English chemist ( d. 1828 )

It was invented in 1873 by the chemist Sir William Crookes as the by-product of some chemical research.

Early researchers of clairvoyance included William Gregory ( chemist ), Gustav Pagenstecher, and Rudolf Tischner.

* 1993 – William Dale Phillips, American chemist ( b. 1925 )

* 1919 – William Lipscomb, American chemist, Nobel laureate ( d. 2011 )

On March 26, 1895, Scottish chemist Sir William Ramsay isolated helium on Earth by treating the mineral cleveite ( a variety of uraninite with at least 10 % rare earth elements ) with mineral acids.

The focus of the Scottish Enlightenment ranged from intellectual and economic matters to the specifically scientific as in the work of William Cullen, physician and chemist, James Anderson, an agronomist, Joseph Black, physicist and chemist, and James Hutton, the first modern geologist.

* 1832 – William Crookes, English physicist and chemist ( d. 1919 )

* 1876 – William Sealey Gosset, English chemist and statistician ( d. 1937 )

* 1788 – William Thomas Brande, English chemist ( d. 1866 )

* 1917 – William Standish Knowles, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate

* 1907 – William Henry Perkin, English chemist ( b. 1838 )

A related early idea was Prout's hypothesis, formulated by English chemist William Prout, who proposed that the hydrogen atom was the fundamental atomic unit.

And in 1815, the chemist William Prout concluded that the hydrogen atom was in fact the fundamental mass unit from which all other atomic masses were derived.

* 1895 – William Giauque, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1982 )

In 1809, the English chemist William Hyde Wollaston wrongly concluded that tantalum and columbium were identical.

In 1809, the English chemist William Hyde Wollaston compared the oxides derived from both columbium — columbite, with a density 5. 918 g / cm < sup > 3 </ sup >, and tantalum — tantalite, with a density over 8 g / cm < sup > 3 </ sup >, and concluded that the two oxides, despite the significant difference in density, were identical ; thus he kept the name tantalum.

Sir William Crookes, OM, FRS ( 17 June 1832 – 4 April 1919 ) was a British chemist and physicist who attended the Royal College of Chemistry, London, and worked on spectroscopy.

In 1809, the English chemist William Hyde Wollaston compared the oxides derived from both columbium — columbite, with a density 5. 918 g / cm < sup > 3 </ sup >, and tantalum — tantalite, with a density 7. 935 g / cm < sup > 3 </ sup >, and concluded that the two oxides, despite their difference in measured density, were identical.

William Withering ( 17 March 1741 – 6 October 1799 ) was an English botanist, geologist, chemist, physician and the discoverer of digitalis.

William Withering analysing thermal waters in Portugal He was an enthusiastic chemist and geologist.

In 1953 Frederik F. Yonkman, a chemist at the Swiss based Ciba pharmaceutical company, first used the term tranquilizer to differentiate reserpine from the older sedatives.

Although the term “ biochemistry ” seems to have been first used in 1882, it is generally accepted that the formal coinage of biochemistry occurred in 1903 by Carl Neuberg, a German chemist.

He used the summer months of his graduate studies to work with planetary scientist Gerard Kuiper ( thesis advisor ), physicist George Gamow, and chemist Melvin Calvin.

In the United States, in 1885, the chemist Russell S. Penniman invented " ammonium dynamite ", a form of explosive that used ammonium nitrate as a substitute for the more costly nitroglycerin.

German chemist Fritz Haber discovered a process that is still used today.

By the mid-18th century, Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele had used pyrolusite to produce chlorine.

* 1951 – Mexican chemist Luis E. Miramontes conducts the very last step of the first synthesis of norethisterone, the progestin that would later be used in one of the first two oral contraceptives.

The term was first used by organic chemist Ludwig Brieger ( 1849 – 1919 ).

The term was first used by Irving Langmuir, Nobel Prize-winning chemist, during a 1953 colloquium at the Knolls Research Laboratory.

Thulium was discovered by Swedish chemist Per Teodor Cleve in 1879 by looking for impurities in the oxides of other rare earth elements ( this was the same method Carl Gustaf Mosander earlier used to discover some other rare earth elements ).

The word transition was first used to describe the elements now known as the d-block by the English chemist Charles Bury in 1921, who referred to a transition series of elements during the change of an inner layer of electrons ( for example n = 3 in the 4th row of the periodic table ) from a stable group of 8 to one of 18, or from 18 to 32.

* June 27 – James Smithson, British mineralogist and chemist, whose fortune eventually went to the United States of America and was used to initially fund the Smithsonian Institution ( b. 1764 )

The term geochemistry was first used by the Swiss-German chemist Christian Friedrich Schönbein in 1838.

The office of Security used LSD in interrogations but Dr. Sidney Gottlieb, the chemist who directed MKUltra, had other ideas: he thought it could be used in covert operations.

This investigation was expanded, in 1806, by German chemist Valentin Ross, who learned to detect the poison in the walls of a victim's stomach, and by English chemist James Marsh, who used chemical processes to confirm arsenic as the cause of death in an 1836 murder trial.

For example, Galileo Galilei was able to accurately measure time and experiment to make accurate measurements and conclusions about the speed of a falling body. Antoine Lavoisier was a French chemist in the late 1700s who used experiment to describe new areas such as combustion and biochemistry and to develop the theory of conservation of mass ( matter ).

During World War I, the French army reportedly – according to Fritz Haber, the German chemist who helped develop poisonous gas for German Army use ( see below ) – used 2000 tons of prussic acid as a poison gas agent in artillery ammunition.

The word synthesis in the present day meaning was first used by the chemist Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe.

The Persian chemist Ibn Sina ( also known as Avicenna ) introduced the process of extracting oils from flowers by means of distillation, the procedure most commonly used today.

In 1863 the English chemist William Allen Miller and English amateur astronomer Sir William Huggins used the wet collodion plate process to obtain the first ever photographic spectrogram of a star, Sirius and Capella.

First used by the organic chemist Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz the carbon atoms in this type of diagram are implied to be located at the vertices ( corners ) and termini of line segments rather than being indicated with the atomic symbol C. Hydrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms are not indicated: each carbon atom is understood to be associated with enough hydrogen atoms to give the carbon atom four bonds.

The suburb's name was derived from the farm name " Milton Farm ", used from the late 1840s by Ambrose Eldridge, chemist.