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The cittern family survives into the present day in the German ' waldzither ', the Corsican Cetara, Spanish Bandurria and Laúd, as well as the Portuguese guitar, the descendant of English instruments brought into Portugal in the 18th century.
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cittern and survives
cittern and into
Just as the lute was enlarged and bass-extended to become the theorbo and chitarrone for continuo work, so the cittern was developed into the ceterone, with its extended neck and unstopped bass strings, though this was a much less common instrument.
* Veit ( Vitus ) Bach ( d. 1619 ) was " a white-bread baker in Hungary " who had to flee Hungary because he was a Lutheran and who " found the greatest pleasure in a little cittern which he took with him even into the mill ".
It disappeared in the second half of the nineteenth century when the popular version of the cittern came into fashion again by its association with the Lisbon song ( fado ) accompaniment.
cittern and German
It was a type of cittern locally modified by German, English, Scottish and Duth makers and enthusiastically greeted by the new mercantile bourgeoisie of the city of Oporto who used it in the domestic context of Hausmusik practice.
cittern and waldzither
cittern and Corsican
The cetera, a cittern of 4 to 8 double strings that is of Tuscan origin and dates back to the Renaissance, is the most iconic Corsican traditional instrument.
cittern and Spanish
The bandurria is a plectrum chordophone from Spain, similar to the cittern and the mandolin, primarily used in Spanish folk music.
cittern and Portuguese
Confusingly, in Portugal, the word vihuela referred to the guitar, whereas guitarra meant the " Portuguese guitar ", a variety of cittern.
Even though there are few academic and scientific studies about it, all facts indicate that the instrument we now call a Portuguese guitar ( or depending on the used name and definition, its direct ancestor ) was known until the nineteenth century throughout Europe as citra or cítara ( Portugal and Spain ), cetra ( Italy and Corsica ), cistre ( France ), cittern ( British Isles ), zither and zitharen ( Germany and Low Countries ).
In 1582, Friar Phillipe de Caverell visited Lisbon and described its customs ; he mentions the Portuguese people ’ s love for the cittern and other musical instruments.
The angel playing the cittern ( c. 1680 ), a sculpture of large dimensions in the Alcobaça monastery, depicts in detail the direct ancestor of the Portuguese guitar.
cittern and guitar
Played by all classes, the cittern was a premier instrument of casual music making much as is the guitar today.
In the early 1970s, using the guitarra and a 1930s archtop Martin guitar as models, English luthier Stefan Sobell created a " cittern ," a hybrid instrument primarily used for playing folk music, which has proved to be popular with folk revival musicians.
The Russian guitar, a seven-string acoustic guitar tuned to the Open G tuning, ( DGBDGbd ) arrived in the beginning of the 19th century in Russia, most probably as a development of the cittern, the kobza and the torban.
The band's brand of music was developed when Brian McNeill and Alan Reid were joined by Jenny Clark ( vocals, guitar, cittern, appalachian dulcimer and whistle ) and Duncan McGillivray ( pipes and whistle ).
* Jen Clark ( vocals, guitar, cittern and dulcimer )-among other things now running a psychotherapy practice and offering voicework in Edinburgh ).
In 2006, with Jen's blessing, they officially reformed Clandestine with themselves and a fourth member, Al Cofrin, on Irish cittern, folk guitar, and medieval bagpipes.
In fact, the barring is very close to an orpharion, and closer to contemporary lute than to cittern or guitar construction.
They include ( but are not limited to ) the acoustic and electric guitar, upright and electric bass guitar, banjo, lap steel guitar, mandolin, hardingfele, bouzouki, cittern, bağlama, gumbus, charango, cümbüş, oud, weissenborn, and zither.
The Russian guitar ( sometimes referred to as a " Gypsy guitar ") is an acoustic seven-string guitar that arrived in Russia toward the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century, most probably as an evolution of the cittern, kobza, and torban.
This tuning is thought to have been derived either from the baroque cittern ( of the English guitar type ), or from that of the torban, a Ukrainian variety of theorbo, as one of its tunings was also based on major triads.
cittern and English
In April 2007, the Museum outbid New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art at a Christie's auction in acquiring a rare English cittern dating from the late 16th century, " This instrument is extremely rare, probably the only English cittern from the Renaissance known to survive ," Museum Director Andre Larson said.
From the 16th until the 18th century the cittern was a common English barber shop instrument, kept in waiting areas for customers to entertain themselves and others with, and popular sheet music for the instrument was published to that end.
In addition to his madrigals, Morley wrote instrumental music, including keyboard music ( some of which has been preserved in the Fitzwilliam Virginal Book ), and music for the broken consort, a uniquely English ensemble of two viols, flute, lute, cittern and bandora, notably as published by William Barley in 1599 in The First Booke of Consort Lessons, made by diuers exquisite Authors, for six Instruments to play together, the Treble Lute, the Bandora, the Cittern, the Base-Violl, the Flute & Treble-Violl.
cittern and instruments
Their politically tinged music was informed by MacGowan and Stacy's punk backgrounds, yet used traditional Irish instruments such as the tin whistle, cittern, mandolin and accordion.
Broken consorts combined a mixture of different instruments — a small band, essentially — usually comprising a gathering of social amateurs and typically including such instruments as a bass viol, a lute or orpharion ( a wire-strung lute, metal-fretted, flat-backed, and festoon-shaped ), a cittern, a treble viol ( or violin, as time progressed ), sometimes an early keyboard instrument ( virginal, spinet, or harpsichord ), and whatever other instruments or players ( or singers ) might be available at the moment.
A cittern, labeled cythara Italica et Germanica ( to distinguish it from other instruments also referred to as cithara in the Latin of the era ), from Athanasius Kircher | Kircher's Musurgia Universalis
Traditional instruments included alphorn, hammered dulcimer, fife, hurdy-gurdy, rebec, bagpipe, cittern and shawm.
All of the band members play multiple instruments, and frequently rotate instruments between songs ; Das letzte Einhorn frequently plays a cittern during certain songs, such as Ai Vis A Lo Lop.
Personally-owned instruments recorded included the cittern, virginals, soprano clarinet, bassoon, trumpet, fife, flute, viol and violin and fiddle and the Mrs. Healy pipe.
Through his association with Tony Garnier, Bob Dylan's bass player, Larry joined the band, replacing John Jackson as a guitarist, and expanded the role to multi-instrumentalist, playing instruments such as cittern, violin / fiddle, pedal steel guitar, lap steel guitar, mandolin, banjo, and slide guitar.
The name cittern is often applied to instruments of five courses ( ten strings ), especially those having a scale length between 20 and 22 inches ( 500mm and 550mm ).
Luthier Stefan Sobell, who coined the term " cittern " for his modern, mandolin-based instruments, originally used the term for short scale instruments irrespective of the number of their strings, but he now applies " cittern " to all 5 course instruments irrespective of scale length, and " octave mandolin " to all 4 course instruments, leaving out bouzouki entirely.
The band uses a mix of modern and medieval instruments, such as the lute, cittern, crumhorn and rauschpfeife, along with the moog synthesizer, bass and electric guitars.
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