The main factors behind the Finnish Civil War were World War I, the collapse of the Russian Empire, and the February and October Revolutions of 1917.

Altogether, these political developments led to conditions that encouraged a struggle for leadership of the Finnish state, during the ten years before the collapse of the Russian Empire.

The immediate reason for the collapse of the Russian Empire was a domestic crisis precipitated by military defeats in the war against Germany and by war-weariness among the Russian people.

The Germans attacked Russia on 18 February ; the offensive led to a rapid collapse and retreat of the Russian troops and to signature of the first Treaty of Brest-Litovsk by the Bolsheviks on 3 March 1918.

Alexander obtained Mongol protection and assistance in fighting invaders from the west who, hoping to profit from the Russian collapse since the Mongol invasions, tried to grab territory and convert the Russians to Roman Catholicism.

Lenin, who had earlier hoped for a speedy Soviet revolution in Germany and other parts of Europe, quickly decided that the imperial government of Germany was still firmly in control and that, without a strong Russian military, an armed conflict with Germany would lead to a collapse of the Soviet government in Russia.

After Germany's collapse, British, French and Japanese troops intervened in the Russian Civil War.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Nepal had exteneded full diplomatic recognition to the Russian Federation as its legal successor.

At this time the Imperial Russian Army was in a state of collapse.

Yeltsin used his role as president to trumpet Russian sovereignty and patriotism, and his legitimacy as president was a major cause of the collapse of the coup by hard-line government and party officials against Gorbachev in August 1991 Soviet Coup of 1991.

When the Russian economy ’ s collapse came about in August 1998, the market shrank drastically and the ruble fell several cellular operators were squeezed between low traffic and huge foreign currency denominated credits and telecommunications equipment bills.

After the collapse of the USSR, Khasbulatov consolidated his control over the Russian parliament and became the second most powerful man in Russia after Yeltsin himself.

Estonia became independent after the October Revolution and the collapse of the Russian Empire.

At the time, the Russian economy neared collapse under the strain of the war effort.

Meanwhile, existing victorious Allies such as France, Belgium, Italy, Greece and Romania gained territories, while new states were created out of the collapse of Austria-Hungary and the Russian and Ottoman Empires.

** The Russian Shuttle Buran is destroyed in the Buran hangar collapse, killing 8 workers.

The Soviet Union's collapse posed particular problems for the Ossetian people, who were divided between North Ossetia, which was part of the Russian SFSR, and South Ossetia, part of the Georgian SSR.

U. S. President Bill Clinton's treasury secretary, Robert Rubin, also feared that a Russian collapse could create a panic on world money markets ( and it indeed did help bring down one major US hedge fund Long Term Capital Management ).

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, use of Jaŋalif was revived, but the Cyrillic script was again enforced in 2002, when the Russian Federation passed a controversial law enforcing the use of Cyrillic for all official languages.

In his speech, Bakunin called for an alliance between the Polish and Russian peoples against the Emperor, and looked forward to " the definitive collapse of despotism in Russia.

For the first time since the collapse of the USSR in 1991, Russian military vehicles paraded through the square.

The station was launched as part of the Soviet Union's manned spaceflight programme effort to maintain a long-term research outpost in space, and, following the collapse of the USSR, was operated by the new Russian Federal Space Agency ( RKA ).

Peter B. deMenocal, has shown there was an influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation on the stream flow of the Tigris and Euphrates at this time, which led to the collapse of the Akkadian Empire ".

This collapse of rain-fed agriculture in the Upper Country meant the loss to southern Mesopotamia of the agrarian subsidies which had kept the Akkadian Empire solvent.

Little is known about the production of brass during the centuries immediately after the collapse of the Roman Empire.

" Nevertheless, although the war dragged on for years, the Battle of Blenheim was probably its most decisive victory ; Marlborough and Eugene, working indivisibly together, had saved the Habsburg Empire and thereby preserved the Grand Alliance from collapse.

Habsburg-ruled Austria-Hungary wished for a continuation of the existence of the Ottoman Empire, since both were troubled multinational entities and thus the collapse of the one might weaken the other.

The city, and the Empire, would ultimately fall to the Ottomans by 1453, but its enduring legacy had provided Europe centuries of resurgence following the collapse of Rome.

Desertification has played a significant role in human history, contributing to the collapse of several large empires, such as Carthage, Greece, and the Roman Empire, as well as causing displacement of local populations.

In spite of his failures, Diocletian's reforms fundamentally changed the structure of Roman imperial government and helped stabilize the Empire economically and militarily, enabling the Empire to remain essentially intact for another hundred years despite having seemed near the brink of collapse in Diocletian's youth.

While the Roman Empire and its new Christian religion survived in an increasingly Hellenised form in the Byzantine Empire centered at Constantinople in the East, Western civilization suffered a collapse of literacy and organization following the fall of Rome in AD 476.

Stilicho's generalship helped preserve some level of stability, but with his execution, the Western Roman Empire moved closer to collapse.

After the collapse of the First Empire in 1815, the French public lost the rights and privileges earned since the Revolution, but they remembered the participatory politics that characterized the period, with one historian commenting: " Thousands of men and even many women gained firsthand experience in the political arena: they talked, read, and listened in new ways ; they voted ; they joined new organizations ; and they marched for their political goals.

* Isaac Asimov's Encyclopedia Galactica as presented in The Foundation Series is an attempt to compile all human knowledge in order to preserve it following the collapse of the Galactic Empire in the far future.

In the 1970s and 1980s, the writings of Hayek were also a major influence on many of the leaders of the " velvet " revolution in Central Europe during the collapse of the old Soviet Empire.

* 1231-After the collapse of the Almohad Empire, Gibraltar was taken by Ibn Hud, Taifa emir of Murcia.

Because Galen's works were not translated into Latin in the ancient period, and because of the collapse of the Roman Empire in the West, the study of Galen, along with the Greek medical tradition as a whole, went into decline in Western Europe during the Early Middle Ages, when very few Latin scholars could read Greek.

After the collapse of the Western Empire the study of Galen and other Greek works almost disappeared in the Latin West.

He was promoted to Pasha and, with the collapse of the Ottoman Empire at the end of World War I, became the founder of the modern Turkish state with the title Atatürk, the Father of Turkey.

After the Battle of Leipzig and subsequent collapse of the French Empire in 1813, the Netherlands was restored as a " sovereign principality " with the House of Orange providing a monarch.

Latin translation of Abū Maʿshar's De Magnis Coniunctionibus (‘ Of the great Conjunction ( astronomy and astrology ) | conjunctions ’), Venice, 1515. Astrology was taken up by Islamic scholars following the collapse of Alexandria to the Arabs in the 7th century, and the founding of the Abbasid empire in the 8th.

Immediately following the fatal ceiling collapse, Governor Mitt Romney ordered a stem-to-stern safety audit conducted by the Illinois engineering firm of Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. to look for additional areas of risk.

The first was the late 7th century Deuteronomistic reform of official Judean religion under king Josiah, who banned many elements of the old polytheistic cult from the Temple, and the sudden collapse of Assyria and the rise of Babylon to take its place ; the second was exile of the royal court, the priests and other members of the ruling elite following the Babylonian destruction of Jerusalem c. 586 BCE.

A caldera is a cauldron-like volcanic feature usually formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption.

The weakness of Germany's strategic position was exacerbated by the rapid collapse of the other Central Powers in late 1918, following Allied victories on the Macedonian and Italian fronts.

According to Armstrong, the language went from lab product to real applications following the collapse of the next-generation AXE exchange named AXE-N in 1995.

Mussolini was aware that Italy did not have the military capacity to carry out a long war with France or the United Kingdom and waited until France was on the verge of imminent collapse and surrender from German invasion before declaring war on France and the United Kingdom on 10 June 1940, on the assumption that the war would be short-lived following France's collapse.

Dissent was vigorously suppressed, and many Germans emigrated to America following the collapse of the 1848 uprisings.

They were used extensively following the collapse of Lehman Brothers in September 2008, when the market for certain types of assets held by hedge funds collapsed, preventing the funds from selling or obtaining a market value for the assets.

In 2011 there was a major political realignment in Ireland, with Fine Gael becoming the largest party, Labour the second, and Fianna Fáil dropping to third following a collapse in support.

He was captured by Pakistani officials in November 2001, as he attempted to flee Afghanistan following the collapse of the Taliban precipitating the 2001 U. S. invasion of Afghanistan.

* 1974 – Konstantinos Karamanlis arrives in Greece following the collapse of the Greek military junta, beginning Greece's metapolitefsi era.

In 1966 following the collapse of the existing CDU / CSU-FDP coalition Kiesinger was elected to replace Ludwig Erhard as Chancellor, heading a new CDU / CSU-SPD alliance.

Lydia arose as a Neo-Hittite kingdom following the collapse of the Hittite Empire in the 12th century BC.

During the season, the Vikings had many distractions, including trading for Randy Moss and then waiving him only a month later, Brett Favre's NFL investigation for allegedly sending inappropriate text messages to Jets ' employee Jenn Sterger while he was with the team in 2008, the Metrodome's collapse and resulting venue changes, and finally head coach Brad Childress ' firing on November 22 following a 31 – 3 loss at the hands of the rival Green Bay Packers.

Calderas are formed by roof collapse following depletion and withdrawal of the subsurface magma chamber after an eruption.

The Attalids, the descendants of Attalus, father of Philetaerus who came to power in 281 BC following the collapse of the Kingdom of Thrace, were among the most loyal supporters of Rome in the Hellenistic world.

Second, densities of elements sufficient for the formation of more complex molecules necessary to life ( such as amino acids ) only occur in molecular dust clouds ( 10 < sup > 9 </ sup >– 10 < sup > 12 </ sup > particles / m < sup > 3 </ sup >), and ( following their collapse ) in solar systems.

Given the above expression, evidently the result of her ( local ) measurement is that the three-particle state would collapse to one of the following four states ( with equal probability of obtaining each ):