* Étienne Lenoir In 1886, he patented, among internal combustion engine improvements, the first modernly recognizable spark plug shown as figure # 6 here:.

# Pulse combustion dryer: A less-expensive continuous process that can handle higher viscosities and solids loading than a spray dryer, and that sometimes gives a freeze-dry quality powder that is free-flowing.

Their 14, 000-pound # 3 is the oldest surviving internal combustion engine tractor in the United States, and is on display at the Smithsonian National Museum of American History in Washington D. C.

# COMPRESSION stroke: with both intake and exhaust valves closed, the piston returns to the top of the cylinder compressing the air, or fuel-air mixture into the combustion chamber of the cylinder head.

Through the combustion of fuel an isochoric process is produced, followed by an adiabatic expansion, characterizing the < span style =" margin: 1px ; background-color: # ff0000 ;"> power ( C ) </ span > stroke.

# redirect combustion

# REDIRECT Spontaneous human combustion

# REDIRECT Internal combustion engine

# Oxidation of hydrocarbons ( unburnt and partially burnt fuel ) to carbon dioxide and water: C < sub > x </ sub > H < sub > 2x + 2 </ sub > + O < sub > 2 </ sub > → xCO < sub > 2 </ sub > + ( x + 1 ) H < sub > 2 </ sub > O ( a combustion reaction )

# REDIRECT Internal combustion engine

# a burner ( or combustion chamber )

# REDIRECT Internal combustion engine

# REDIRECT Internal combustion engine

# the high-pressure head is created by the large pressure difference between the exhaust in the combustion chamber and the atmospheric pressure outside of the exhaust system

# as the exhaust gasses equalize between the combustion chamber and the atmosphere, the difference in pressure decreases and the exhaust velocity decreases.

# REDIRECT Heat of combustion

# REDIRECT Heat of combustion # Higher heating value

# REDIRECT Heat of combustion # Lower heating value

# REDIRECT Heat of combustion

# Indirect injection is superior for running on thicker vegetable oil fuel, due to lower pressure injection, a longer burn time and increased swirl ensuring more complete combustion.

# Because the heat and pressure of combustion is applied to one specific point on the piston as it exits the precombustion chamber or swirl chamber, such engines are less suited to high specific power outputs ( such as turbocharging or tuning ) than direct injection diesels.

# REDIRECT External combustion engine

# The last noted item is the largest in the list when the process is complete.

# Chromatin undergoes condensation into compact patches against the nuclear envelope ( also known as the perinuclear envelope ) in a process known as pyknosis, a hallmark of apoptosis.

# The nuclear envelope becomes discontinuous and the DNA inside it is fragmented in a process referred to as karyorrhexis.

# Continue this process until the two records are in sync with each other, it can be difficult to sync the two records perfectly, so manual adjustment of the records is necessary to maintain the beat synchronization.

# Improvements in the drug discovery and approval process.

# The participation of the Republic of Cuba in the OAS will be the result of a process of dialogue initiated at the request of the Government of Cuba, and in accordance with the practices, purposes, and principles of the OAS.

# True community: the process of deep respect and true listening for the needs of the other people in this community.

# In any spontaneous process, there is always an increase in entropy of the universe

# Initial ( chaotic, ad hoc, individual heroics )-the starting point for use of a new or undocumented repeat process.

# Repeatable-the process is at least documented sufficiently such that repeating the same steps may be attempted.

# Defined-the process is defined / confirmed as a standard business process, and decomposed to levels 0, 1 and 2 ( the latter being Work Instructions ).

# Managed-the process is quantitatively managed in accordance with agreed-upon metrics.

# Optimizing-process management includes deliberate process optimization / improvement.

# As the individual perceives and accepts into his self structure more of his organic experiences, he finds that he is replacing his present value system-based extensively on introjections which have been distortedly symbolized-with a continuing organismic valuing process.

# Repetition of the previous step to process each domain name label in sequence, until the final step which returns the IP address of the host sought.

** Anomalous dynamics ( Random walk # Anomalous diffusion ), the stochastic motion of objects with mean squared displacement ( MSD ) that deviates from the relation for normal dynamics, MSD ~ t, where t is the time the process is seen ; anomalous dynamics are either faster than normal dynamics ( MSD > t ) or slower ( MSD < t )

# the design process is plan-driven,

# the design process is understood in terms of a discrete sequence of stages.

# the design process is improvised,

The internal structure of the tree and bark are maintained in the # Permineralization | permineralization process.

# Retirement planning is the process of understanding how much it costs to live at retirement, and coming up with a plan to distribute assets to meet any income shortfall.

# Relay and amplification of the received hormonal signal via a signal transduction process: This then leads to a cellular response.

# The actual historical process is not predetermined but depends on the class struggle, especially the organization and consciousness of the working class.

# REDIRECT Isothermal process