Until the end of the 2009-10 season, competitions included one or more compulsory dances (" CD "), an original dance (" OD "), and the free dance.

Jana Khokhlova and Sergei Novitski on an outside edge during a compulsory dance.

In compulsory dances, all dance teams in a competition perform the same standard steps and holds to music of a specified tempo.

One or more compulsory dances were skated as the first phase of competitions in ice dancing, but they are also popular as a form of recreational or social dance among skaters.

This segment of the competition combines features of the discontinued CDs and ODs ; each team performs a required pattern from one of the compulsory dances for about one half of the dance, then performs its own choreography, with some required elements, to a theme or rhythm specified by the ISU.

It is usually the third and final part of the competition to be contested, after the compulsory dances and the original dance.

The hand holds and positions are much more open and free than in the compulsory and original dance categories.

Many of the compulsory dances which are still competed today were developed by British dancers in the 1930s, and 12 of the first 16 World Championships in ice dance were won by British couples.

Particularly in ice dancing judges traditionally gave extra leeway to the current champion regardless of recent mistakes, as well as a trend of setting an order after the first compulsory dance and sticking to it.

In ice dance, the top 30 couples in the compulsory dance advance to the original dance, and the top 24 couples after the original dance advance to the free dance.

The dance and tumbling skills of compulsory routines were generally less difficult than those of the optionals, but heavily emphasized perfect technique, form and execution.

After these compulsory elements, the next host nation briefly introduces itself with artistic displays of dance and theater representative of its culture.

The students were also disenchanted with the amount of control the government exerted, citing compulsory calisthenics and not being allowed to dance at rock concerts.

Compulsory dance contains prescribed compulsory dances and steps that must be performed, such as the Imperial Tango, the 14 Step, the Keats Foxtrot, or the Flirtation Waltz.

It was the first American war in which the death rate from disease was lower than that from battle, due to the provision of trained medical personnel ( of the 200,000 officers, 42,000 were physicians ), compulsory vaccination, rigorous camp sanitation, and adequate hospital facilities.

Finally, the registration of births and deaths by nearest relatives was made compulsory in most regions.

It was the trial of oleomargarine heir Minot ( Mickey ) Jelke for compulsory prostitution in New York that put the spotlight on the international play-girl.

Held as a material witness in the compulsory prostitution trial of Mickey Jelke, the comely courtesan was unable to raise bail and was committed to the Women's House of Detention, a terribly overcrowded prison.

Neither was compulsory ; individuals had to nominate themselves for both selection methods.

It was not a compulsory part of the cursus, and hence a former quaestor could be elected to the praetorship without having held the aedileship.

As a result of their compulsory military service to the Habsburg Empire during conflict with the Ottoman Empire, the population in the Military Frontier was free of serfdom and enjoyed much political autonomy, unlike the population living in the parts ruled by Hungary.

A Ministry of Education was established, and free County Colleges were set up for the compulsory part-time instruction of teenagers between the ages of 15 and 18 who were not in full-time education.

In 2004, the army transformed itself into a fully professional organization and compulsory military service was abolished.

He also signed the Worker's Compensation Act of 1910, which required a compulsory, employer-paid plan of compensation for workers injured in hazardous industries and a voluntary system for other workers ; after the New York Court of Appeals ruled the law unconstitutional in 1911, a popular referendum was held that successfully made the law an amendment in the New York Constitution.

At the same time, a new Act of Uniformity was passed, which made attendance at church and the use of an adapted version of the 1552 Book of Common Prayer compulsory, though the penalties for recusancy, or failure to attend and conform, were not extreme.

Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.

For non-Aryans, abortion was often compulsory.

Under Imam Abu Hanifa, the witr prayer was considered to be compulsory and the Hanafis also differed with other sects in relation to methods of taking ablution, prayers and payment of tithe or zakat.

The United States was the last country to retain a separate test and competitive structure for compulsory figures, but the last national-level figures championship was held in 1999.

Kirk schools were not free, attendance was not compulsory and they generally imparted only basic literacy such as the ability to read the Bible.

Education was now compulsory from five to thirteen and many new board schools were built.

A compulsory population exchange was agreed between the two countries, with over 1. 5 million Christians and almost half a million Muslims being uprooted.

For example, city land owned by the imperial government was returned to the cities, city council members were compelled to resume civic authority, often against their will, and the tribute in gold by the cities called the aurum coronarium was made voluntary rather than a compulsory tax.

It is important to remember Southern Rhodesia was a self-governing Dominion and the government could effectively command that the people be removed, similar to " compulsory purchase " in Britain, whereas Northern Rhodesia was a colony, and governed by consent after consultation with the tribal chiefs.

Education is compulsory to the age of 16 and is free to all Caymanian children.

* Citizenship is a compulsory subject of the National Curriculum in state schools in England for all pupils aged 11 – 16.

Nowadays some kind of education is compulsory to all people in most countries.

Due to population growth and the proliferation of compulsory education, UNESCO has calculated that in the next 30 years more people will receive formal education than in all of human history thus far.

Turnout in 2009 stood at 43 % of all European voters, ranging from 90 % in Luxembourg and Belgium ( where compulsory voting is used ) to 20 % in Slovakia.

In this way, a compulsory insurance package is available to all citizens at affordable cost without the need for the insured to be assessed for risk by the insurance company.

Nehru also outlined a commitment in his five-year plans to guarantee free and compulsory primary education to all of India's children.

Education is compulsory from ages 6 to 15 and free for all children to attend.

Suffrage is universal, free, secret and direct for all Mexican citizens 18 and older, and is compulsory ( but not enforced ).

The Optional Clause was a clause attached to the protocol establishing the court which required all signatories to refer certain classes of dispute to the court, with compulsory judgments resulting.

Education is compulsory and free for all residents 6 – 16 years old.

Because education in the Netherlands is compulsory between the ages of 4 and 16 ( and partially compulsory between the ages of 16 and 18 ), all pupils must attend high school.

They all last for four years and conclude with a compulsory leaving examination ( Sln.

Education is compulsory for seven years, until children reach the age of 15 years, but most children do not attend school until this age, and some do not attend at all.

* September 1 – The Vatican introduces a compulsory oath against modernism, to be taken by all priests upon ordination.

The Petersen is renowned for its trademark 180 degree turn and 270 degree bank angle, which is a compulsory feature on all Winter Olympic runs.

Junior high school is a must for all citizens of Indonesia while Senior high school is not compulsory because Indonesia is currently applying nine years of study to all citizens.

The British adopted a convoy system, initially voluntary and later compulsory for almost all merchant ships, the moment that World War II was declared.

Service was compulsory for all of the men of military age, and thus Prussia and its North and South German allies could mobilise and field some 1. 2 million soldiers in time of war.

* The Farmers ’ Sickness Insurance Law ( 1972 ), which introduced compulsory sickness insurance for independent farmers, family workers in agriculture, and pensioners under the farmers ’ pension scheme, medical benefits for all covered groups, and cash benefits for family workers under compulsory coverage for pension insurance.