The gel's porosity is directly related to the concentration of agarose in the medium, so various levels of effective viscosity ( from the cell's " point of view ") can be selected, depending on the experimental objectives.

Whilst distractions like background noise, poor lighting or an environment which is too hot or cold can all affect people's morale and concentration, which in turn interfere with effective communication.

Due to their size, prokaryotes cannot detect effective concentration gradients, therefore these cells scan and evaluate their environment by a constant swimming ( consecutive steps of straight swims and tumbles ).

Chemotactic responses elicited by the ligand-receptor interactions are distinguished generally upon the optimal effective concentration ( s ) of the ligand.

An important consideration, dictating the level at which cellular signal transduction pathways are activated in response to a hormonal signal, is the effective concentration of hormone-receptor complexes that are formed.

This targets the 3 ' ( sib ) end of the mRNA for RNAaseIII degradation, which results in a lower effective concentration of int mRNA than xis mRNA ( as the int cistron is nearer to the sib sequence than the xis cistron is to the sib sequence ), so a higher concentrations of xis than int is observed.

* An effective concentration of 1 mol / L for each aqueous species or a species in a mercury amalgam ;

3 ) Related to # 1 and # 2, the disulfide bond link two segments of the protein chain, the disulfide bond increases the effective local concentration of protein residues and lowers the effective local concentration of water molecules.

Intracellular Mg concentration has also been shown to be effective in modulating insulin action ( mainly oxidative glucose metabolism ), offset calcium-related excitation-contraction coupling, and decrease smooth cell responsiveness to depolarizing stimuli.

The combination of mildly reducing body temperature, reducing blood cell concentration, and increasing blood pressure after resuscitation was found to be especially effective.

As a dietary supplement, guarana is an effective stimulant: its seeds contain about twice the concentration of caffeine found in coffee beans ( about 2 – 4. 5 % caffeine in guarana seeds compared to 1 – 2 % for coffee beans ).

More generally, plotting versus and taking the slope gives the effective number of ligands that are binding cooperatively at a particular ligand concentration.

Acting as a competitive inhibitor of acetylcholine at postsynaptic and postjunctional muscarinic receptor sites in smooth muscle, exocrine glands, autonomic ganglia, and the brain, BZ decreases the effective concentration of acetylcholine seen by receptors at these sites.

Any compound that causes a rise in acetylcholine concentration can potentially overcome BZ-induced inhibition and restore normal functioning ; even the nerve agent VX has been shown to be effective when given under carefully controlled conditions.

In in vitro tests only, for the specific concentration tested, the tea was shown to be less than half as effective as allopurinol, which is the drug typically prescribed to inhibit XO activity in treating gout.

The development of the tactical innovation of the bomber stream by the RAF to overwhelm the German aerial defenses of the Kammhuber Line during World War II would have increased the RAF's concentration in time over the target, but after the lessons learned during the Blitz, the concentration of dropping bombs over the target in the shortest time possible became standard tactic of the RAF because it was known to be more effective than spreading the raid over a longer time period.

The unusually high casualty rate was due mainly to an unprecedented concentration of artillery, on a flat battlefield, where the deadly roundshot-each army fired at least 90, 000 during the two days of battle-was most effective.

Chlorine in water is more than three times more effective as a disinfectant against Escherichia coli than an equivalent concentration of bromine, and is more than six times more effective than an equivalent concentration of iodine.

The efforts of various interest groups to control or influence governmental decisions, particularly when taken in conjunction with the impact of industralization, led to a concentration of attention on the legislative power and the means whereby policy could be formulated and enforced as law through bureaucratic institutions.

Of course, there is an element of training here: these gifted people, by concentration, study, guidance, have learned to develop their power.

It was a " stride toward centralization and the concentration of all legislative power in the national government.

Yisrael Gutman writes that it was in the concentration camps that Hitler's concept of absolute power came to fruition.

Steiner sees meditation as a concentration and enhancement of the power of thought.

Blitzkrieg ( German, " lightning war "; ) is an anglicised word describing all-motorised force concentration of tanks, infantry, artillery, combat engineers and air power, concentrating overwhelming force at high speed to break through enemy lines, and, once the lines are broken, proceeding without regard to its flank.

Another regularly asserted contrast between classical and modern liberals: classical liberals tend to see government power as the enemy of liberty, while modern liberals fear the concentration of wealth and the expansion of corporate power.

To a congregationalist, no abuse of authority is worse than the concentration of all decisive power in the hands of one ruling body, or one person.

Distributism appears to have one of its greatest influences in anti-trust legislation in America and Europe designed to break up monopolies and excessive concentration of market power in one or only a few companies, trusts, interests, or cartels.

Embodying the philosophy explained by Chesterton, above, that too much capitalism means too few capitalists, not too many, America's extensive system of anti-trust legislation seeks to prevent the concentration of market power in a given industry into too-few hands.

Other scholars stress the omnipotence of the State ( with its consequent suspension of rights ) as the key element of a dictatorship and argue that such concentration of power can be legitimate or not depending on the circumstances, objectives and methods employed.

The book proclaimed that the concentration of absolute power in the hands of one man – Porfirio Díaz – for so long had made Mexico sick.

Fearing Frederick's concentration of power, the Pope finally excommunicated the Emperor.

In March 1933, less than three months after the Nazis seized power, Himmler set up the first official concentration camp at Dachau.

They propose that this economic system be executed in a manner that attempts to maximize the liberty of individuals and minimize concentration of power or authority ( libertarianism ).

So is the abuse of market power by monopolies ( sole producers in a market ) or the substantial lessening of competition through a merger, takeover, acquisition or concentration of enterprises.

An example of the union of mental and physical discipline is the breaking of wooden boards, bricks or tiles, which requires both physical mastery of the technique and the concentration to focus one's power.

The obstacles are a lack of law enforcement in these areas, inconsistent government economic and environmental planning, corruption, and the overwhelming concentration of power in the hands of a president who shows little tolerance of grassroots activity.

" The rectorate was an attempt to see something in the movement that had come to power, beyond all its failings and crudeness, that was much more far-reaching and that could perhaps one day bring a concentration on the Germans ' Western historical essence.

For use in commercial light water reactors ( LWR ), the most prevalent power reactors in the world, uranium is enriched to 3 to 5 % < sup > 235 </ sup > U. Fresh LEU used in research reactors is usually enriched 12 % to 19. 75 % U-235, the latter concentration being used to replace HEU fuels when converting to LEU.

To support its concentration of computing power, the NCCS has installed high-speed fiber-optic networks to expedite data movement, a scientific visualization center that enables researchers to analyze their simulation results quickly and comprehensively, and a high-performance data archiving and retrieval system.

After solidifying his power, Hitler would include gay men among those sent to concentration camps during the Holocaust.

Chastity as unspent power to give birth, owing to a concentration of vital energy, was in ritual use transferred to flocks and fields: the purity of fire was a symbol of such a concentration of vital energy.