High concentrations of solutes, extremes of pH, mechanical forces, and the presence of chemical denaturants can do the same.

However, the Lamm equation is most ideal for modeling concentrations of ideal, non-interacting solutes.

Hence, ADH activity effectively dilutes the blood ( decreasing the concentrations of solutes such as sodium ).

Activities, rather than concentrations, are needed in many chemical calculations because solutions that contain ionic solutes do not behave ideally even at very low concentrations.

in interstellar gas, concentrations as low as Af molecules per Af may be sufficient, as compared to the Af hydrogen atom's Af required for detection of the 21-cm line.

From the brightness of the F component of the solar corona and the brightness of the zodiacal light, an estimate of the particle sizes, concentrations, and spatial distribution can be derived for regions of space near the ecliptic plane.

These cells were thawed at 37-degrees-C for 30 min and were deglycerolized by alternately centrifuging and mixing with descending concentrations of glycerol solutions ( 20, 18, 10, 8, 4 and 2% ).

Since experience indicates that effluents from oxidation ponds do not create major problems at these BOD concentrations, the goal for the effluent quality of the accelerated treatment system was the same as from conventional oxidation ponds.

The reason for chlorhexidine effectiveness is that it strongly adheres to surfaces in the mouth and thus remains present in effective concentrations for many hours.

According to the head of the Armenian Central Bank ’ s ( CBA ) department for financial system policies and analyses ( Vahe Vardanyan ) Armenian banks have no large asset concentrations in foreign markets, particularly in capital markets.

Low concentrations are not a problem for bacteria because they simply ignore the waste that surrounds the metals, attaining extraction yields of over 90 % in some cases.

Relatively slow processes can be analyzed in situ for the concentrations and identities of the individual ingredients.

Upon initiation of carbamazepine therapy, concentrations are predictable and follow their respective baseline clearance / half-life values that have been established for the specific patient.

Previously unknown crannogs in Scotland and Ireland are still being found as underwater surveys continue to investigate loch beds for completely submerged examples The largest concentrations of crannogs in Ireland are found in the Drumlin Belt of the midlands, the north and the northwest.

Coal tar concentrations between 0. 5 % and 5 % are safe and effective for psoriasis, and no scientific evidence suggests that the coal tar in the concentrations seen in non-prescription treatments is carcinogenic.

Studies were conducted to produce contour maps of projected sound levels and carbon monoxide concentrations throughout the western approaches, for each alternative connection scheme.

; Halophile: An organism requiring at least 0. 2M concentrations of salt ( NaCl ) for growth

Divalent manganese, in concentrations of up to several percent, is responsible for the red or orange fluorescence of calcite, the green fluorescence of willemite, the yellow fluorescence of esperite, and the orange fluorescence of wollastonite and clinohedrite.

In one dimension with constant, the solution for the concentration will be a linear change of concentrations along.

The lower concentrations of phosphorus in surface runoff reduces algal growth, because phosphorus is the limiting nutrient for algae.

The speed of induction depends on the time taken for the drug to reach effective concentrations in the brain.

A study of granite countertops was done ( initiated and paid for by the Marble Institute of America ) in November 2008 by National Health and Engineering Inc of USA, and found that all of the 39 full size granite slabs that were measured for the study showed radiation levels well below the European Union safety standards ( section 4. 1. 1. 1 of the National Health and Engineering study ) and radon emission levels well below the average outdoor radon concentrations in the US.

Variations in arterial oxygen concentrations can be part of the normal physiology, for example, during strenuous physical exercise.

Mesozoic igneous activity is largely responsible for this diversity of mineral deposits and the mineral concentrations have been variably enhanced by hydrothermal activity associated with faulting.

Low concentrations of HDL ( below 40 mg / dL for men, below 50 mg / dL for women ) increase the risk for atherosclerotic diseases.

For example, the analysis of the debris at the testing site of the first U. S. hydrogen bomb, Ivy Mike, ( 1 November 1952, Enewetak Atoll ), revealed high concentrations of various actinides including americium ; due to military secrecy, this result was published only in 1956.

For example, periods of high oxygen concentrations determined from ice core samples have been associated with fauna of a larger scale in the fossil record, while periods of low oxygen concentrations have been associated with fauna of a smaller scale in the fossil record.

For example an electrochemical cell, where two copper electrodes are submerged in two copper ( II ) sulfate solutions, whose concentrations are 0. 05 M and 2. 0 M, connected through a salt bridge.

For example, Lake Magadi has high concentrations of soda ( sodium carbonate ) and Lake Elmenteita, Lake Bogoria, and Lake Nakuru are all strongly alkaline, while the freshwater springs supplying Lake Naivasha are essential to support its current biological variety.

In the last few years drug tourism and certain strains of cannabis with higher concentrations of THC have challenged the former policy in the Netherlands and led to a more restrictive approach ; for example, a ban on selling cannabis to tourists in coffee shops suggested to start late 2011.

Some of the protactinium-related dating variations rely on the analysis of the relative concentrations for several long-living members of the uranium decay chain – uranium, thorium and protactinium, for example.

In this example, which reaction takes place is controlled in part by the relative concentrations of the reactants.

Till may contain detectable concentrations of gems or other valuable ore minerals picked up by the glacier during its advance, for example the diamonds found in the American states of Wisconsin, Indiana, and in Canada.

The Graves ’ disease itself-as defined, for example, by high serum thyroid autoantibodies ( TSHR-Ab ) concentrations or ophthalmopathy-often persists after its hyperthyroidism has been successfully treated.

For example, Roundup contains adjuvants which, even in low concentrations, were found to kill human embryonic, placental, and umbilical cells in vitro.

For example, in the 1970s, the gravity field disturbances above lunar maria were measured through lunar orbiters, which lead to the discovery of concentrations of mass, mascons, beneath the Imbrium, Serenitatis, Crisium, Nectaris and Humorum basins.

It was at some point during that winter that Rothko happened upon the use of symmetrical rectangular blocks of two to three opposing or contrasting, yet complementary, colors, in which, for example, " the rectangles sometimes seem barely to coalesce out of the ground, concentrations of its substance.

For example, the lower stratosphere has much higher ozone concentrations than the upper troposphere, but much lower water vapor concentrations, so appropriate cutoffs can be used.

For example, enzymes that digest carbohydrates called glycosidases are present at high concentrations on the surface of enterocyte microvilli.

Hydrofluoric acid, for example, is initially painless in lower concentrations and is technically a weak acid, but it produces fluoride ions ( the actual corrosive species ) after the acid is painlessly absorbed.

For example, in a study of the Eastern Chongming Island and Jiuduansha Island tidal marshes at the mouth of the Yangtze River, China, the amount of sediment adhering to the species Spartina alterniflora, Phragmites australis, and Scirpus mariqueter decreased with distance from the highest levels of suspended sediment concentrations ( found at the marsh edge bordering tidal creeks or the mudflats ); decreased with those species at the highest elevations, which experienced the lowest frequency and depth of tidal inundations ; and increased with increasing plant biomass.

For case 1 ), for example, one can assemble data from a number of samples, including concentrations for an analyte of interest for each sample ( the reference ) and the corresponding infrared spectrum of that sample.

For example near-infrared spectra, which are extremely broad and non-selective compared to other analytical techniques ( such as infrared or Raman spectra ), can often be used successfully in conjunction with carefully developed multivariate calibration methods to predict concentrations of analytes in very complex matrices.

For example, from a data set comprising fluorescence spectra from a series of samples each containing multiple fluorophores, multivariate curve resolution methods can be used to extract the fluorescence spectra of the individual fluorophores, along with their relative concentrations in each of the samples, essentially unmixing the total fluorescence spectrum into the contributions from the individual components.

For example, hydrocarbon spills ( specifically, petrol spills ) or certain chlorinated solvents may contaminate groundwater, and introducing the appropriate electron acceptor or electron donor amendment, as appropriate, may significantly reduce contaminant concentrations after a long time allowing for acclimation.

For example, the mole ratio of the components, or the fractional concentrations where will yield the same answer.