The concept of ' psychopathic inferiorities ' had been recently popularised in Germany by Julius Ludwig August Koch, who proposed congenital and acquired types.

In Germany, the Nazis used social Darwinism to promote their racialist concept of the German nation as part of the Aryan race and the need for the Aryan race to be victorious in what the Nazis believed was a race struggle — an ongoing competition and conflict between races.

Germany was one of the first nations to recognize Croatia and Slovenia as independent nations, rejecting the concept of Yugoslavia as the only legitimate political order in the Balkans ( unlike other European powers, who first proposed a pro-Belgrade policy ).

Meanwhile in adopting the Godesberg Program in 1959, the Social Democratic Party of Germany ( SPD ) largely abandoned Marxism ideas and embraced the concept of the market economy and the welfare state.

Another German diplomatic historian, Wolfgang Michalka argued that there was a fourth alternative Nazi foreign policy programme, and that was Ribbentrop's concept of a Euro-Asiatic bloc comprising the four totalitarian states of Germany, the Soviet Union, Italy and Japan.

The design was not a uniquely British concept as similar ships were being built around the world, nor was it uniquely intended as a counter to German naval expansion, but the effect was to immediately require Germany to reconsider its naval building program.

Within the space of these tendencies there has developed a coherent critique of " orthodox Marxism " that includes not only a rejection of the concept of " the transition " but a reconceptualization of the process of transcending capitalism that has remarkable similarities to ( Peter ) Kropotkin's thinking on this subject ... Thus one of the earliest political tendencies within which this approach appeared after the Russian revolution of 1917 was that of " Council Communism " which saw the " workers councils " in Germany ( see Bavarian Soviet Republic ), or the soviets in Russia, as new organizational forms constructed by the people.

In 1891, Steiner earned a doctorate in philosophy at the University of Rostock in Germany with a thesis based upon Fichte's concept of the ego, later published in expanded form as Truth and Knowledge.

In contrast, Germany started the war under the concept of Blitzkrieg.

The concept became prominent in Western anti-communist political discourse during the Cold War era in order to highlight perceived similarities between Nazi Germany and other fascist regimes on the one hand, and Soviet communism on the other.

In Germany the term Stadtbahn ( to be distinguished from S-Bahn, which stands for Stadtschnellbahn ) was used to describe the concept, and many in the UMTA ( now called the Federal Transit Administration ) wanted to adopt the direct translation, which is city rail ( the Norwegian term, bybane, means the same ).

In October 2010, Angela Merkel told a meeting of younger members of her conservative Christian Democratic Union ( CDU ) party at Potsdam, near Berlin, that attempts to build a multicultural society in Germany had " utterly failed ", stating: " The concept that we are now living side by side and are happy about it does not work "., She continued to say that immigrants should integrate and adopt Germany's culture and values.

The concept has been fully duplicated since then by Veltins-Arena in Gelsenkirchen, Germany, and University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona, US, and partially by the Sapporo Dome in Japan ( which has a sliding pitch but a fixed roof ).

auslandsdeutsch ) is a concept that connotes German citizens living abroad, or alternatively ethnic Germans entering Germany from abroad.

The concept of zero-point energy was developed in Germany by Albert Einstein and Otto Stern in 1913, as a corrective term added to a zero-grounded formula developed by Max Planck in 1900.

As numerous other scientific journals and societies were founded, Alois Senefelder developed the concept of lithography for use in mass printing work in Germany in 1796.

Also during this period, the 4th Armored Division was reactivated at Fort Hood and deployed to Germany as part of the " Gyroscope " concept of unit movement.

Frank Whittle an English inventor and RAF officer developed the concept of the jet engine in 1928, Hans von Ohain in Germany, a decade later developed the concept independently at the end of the 1930s.

The idea of racial differences have been used to justify racial separatism, such as the Greater Germany concept of Nazi Germany ( see Racial policy of Nazi Germany ) and its racial ideal based on the Nordic race.

However, in Germany the concept of streamlining in cars was associated with narrow passenger cabins reminiscent of the 1930s and of the still popular Volksagen Beetle.

The Autobahn concept did not originate with the Nazis but had its beginnings in the efforts of a private consortium, the HaFraBa ( Verein zur Vorbereitung der Autostraße Hansestädte-Frankfurt-Basel ), founded in 1926 for the purpose of building a high-speed highway between Northern Germany and Basel, in Switzerland.

The Arian concept of Christ is that the Son of God did not always exist, but was created by — and is therefore distinct from — God the Father.

When the Western Roman Empire was starting to disintegrate, Augustine developed the concept of the Catholic Church as a spiritual City of God ( in a book of the same name ), distinct from the material Earthly City.

Instead, the philosopher encounters a problem :" Now, if the ' to be ' of a thing could be conceived apart from that which exists, it should be represented in our mind by some note distinct from the concept of the thing itself ....

The Roman Catholic Church likewise treats it as any other act of renunciation of the Catholic faith, although for a few years, from 2006 to 2009, it did note in the baptismal register any formal act of defection from the Catholic Church, a concept quite distinct from that of presentation of such a certificate.

Pasic believed that Yugoslavia should be as centralized as possible, creating in place of distinct regional governments and identities a Greater Serbian national concept of concentrated power in the hands of Belgrade.

Husserl's original concept gave rise to two distinct lines of inquiry, in philosophy and psychology.

Popular opinion in the Western World and Former Soviet Union often associates international law with the concept of opposing terrorism — seen as a crime as distinct from warfare.

Though the Shang did not have a concept of " medicine " as distinct from other fields, their oracular inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells refer to illnesses that affected the Shang royal family: eye disorders, toothaches, bloated abdomen, etc., which Shang elites usually attributed to curses sent by their ancestors.

While the perspective is compatible with Jamesian pragmatism ( above ), the notion of the transformation of embodied concepts through structural mapping makes a distinct contribution to the problem of concept formation.

It was also the first story-based concept album of the rock era ( as distinct from the song-cycle style album ) to enjoy commercial success.

Robert K. Merton comments that Sumner's additional characterization robbed the concept of some analytical power because, Merton argues, centrality and superiority are often correlated, but need to be kept analytically distinct.

Kraepelin is specifically credited with the classification of what was previously considered to be a unitary concept of psychosis, into two distinct forms ( known as the Kraepelinian dichotomy ):

While it is possible to identify earlier legal structures that would today fall into the " environmental " law metric-for example the common law recognition of private and public rights to protect interests in land, such as nuisance, or post-industrial revolution human health protections-the concept of " environmental law " as a separate and distinct body of law is a 20th Century development.

The establishment of Native American governments ( which are separate and distinct from state and federal government ) exercising limited powers of sovereignty, has given rise to the concept of " bi-federalism.

The CJLS has also held that the Talmudic concept of Kavod HaBriyot permits lifting rabbinic decrees ( as distinct from carving narrow exceptions ) on grounds of human dignity, and used this principle in a December 2006 opinion lifting all rabbinic prohibitions on homosexual conduct ( the opinion held that only male-male anal sex was forbidden by the Bible and that this remained prohibited ).

The concept of nationalism became increasingly important as people began to see themselves as citizens of a particular nation with a distinct national identity.

Marx uses the concept of " socially necessary abstract labor-time " to introduce a social perspective distinct from his predecessors and neoclassical economics.

The concept of language families is based on the historical observation that languages develop dialects, which over time may diverge into distinct languages.

In a number of countries, nationality is legally a distinct concept from citizenship, or nationality is a necessary but not sufficient condition to exercise full political rights within a state or other polity.

To form a concept, one mentally isolates a group of concretes ( of distinct perceptual units ), on the basis of observed similarities which distinguish them from all other known concretes ( similarity is ' the relationship between two or more existents which possess the same characteristic ( s ), but in different measure or degree '); then, by a process of omitting the particular measurements of these concretes, one integrates them into a single new mental unit: the concept, which subsumes all concretes of this kind ( a potentially unlimited number ).

Although the term has been in use since at least the late 18th century ( used in 1796 in reference to alchemy ,) the concept of pseudoscience as distinct from real or proper science appears to have emerged in the mid-19th century.

Thus followed the line of Lomonosov and the contributions of the Russian school became more frequent through his disciples, and in the nineteenth century we have great geographers as Vasily Dokuchaev who performed works of great importance as a " principle of comprehensive analysis of the territory " and " Russian Chernozem " latter being the most important where introduces the geographical concept of soil, as distinct from a simple geological strata, and thus founding a new geographic area of study: the Pedology.

Only with the emergence of Orthodox Christianity as reflected in the Apostle's Creed and the final decline of Hellenistic paganism by the 6th century does " Paganism " become a concept clearly distinct from Christianity.