When the Western Roman Empire was starting to disintegrate, Augustine developed the concept of the Catholic Church as a spiritual City of God ( in a book of the same name ), distinct from the material Earthly City.

This concept is based in part on the pioneering work by Garry Thomson CBE, and his book the Museum Environment, first published in 1978.

Richard Dawkins in his book River Out of Eden used the computer bootstrapping concept to explain how biological cells differentiate: " Different cells receive different combinations of chemicals, which switch on different combinations of genes, and some genes work to switch other genes on or off.

Many of the views which directed Leadbeater's understanding of the chakras were influenced by previous theosophist authors, in particular Johann Georg Gichtel, a disciple of Jakob Böhme, and his book Theosophia Practica ( 1696 ), in which Gitchtel directly refers to inner force centers, a concept reminiscent of the chakras.

Augustine of Hippo in De Civitate Dei writes Si fallor, sum (" If I am mistaken, I am ") ( book XI, 26 ), and also anticipates modern refutations of the concept.

Although the concept of consilience in Whewell's sense was widely discussed by philosophers of science, the term was unfamiliar to the broader public until the end of the 20th century, when it was revived in Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge, a 1998 book by the humanist biologist Edward Osborne Wilson, as an attempt to bridge the culture gap between the sciences and the humanities that was the subject of C. P. Snow's The Two Cultures and the Scientific Revolution ( 1959 ).

An idea he introduced in one of these columns was the concept of " Reviews of This Book ", a book containing nothing but cross-referenced reviews of itself which has an online implementation.

In his book Knowledge and its Limits, Williamson argues that the concept of knowledge cannot be analyzed into a set of other concepts — instead, it is sui generis.

In the same letter, Frege used the review of Schröder's book to analyze Husserl's notion of the sense of reference of concept words.

Around the same time, Charles Elton pioneered the concept of food chains in his classical book Animal Ecology.

" ISBN 1-904555-05-5 ( The book comes with a related DVD of the Arthur C. Clarke documentary introduction to the fractal concept and the Mandelbrot set.

Within the book, the statement of divine immanence verbalized between the main characters, " Thou Art God ", is logically derived from the concept inherent in the term grok.

Christina Hoff Sommers has been a vocal critic of the concept of herstory, and presented her argument against the movement in her 1994 book, Who Stole Feminism ?.

Together with the Estonian poet, writer and art critic Ilmar Laaban, they developed their concept of Irrealism through several essays, exhibitions, projects, manifest and a book, " Irréalisation ".

Richard M. Steers and Luciara Nardon in their book about global economy use the " two cows " metaphor to illustrate the concept of cultural differences.

In 1974, Young Earth Creationist Henry M. Morris introduced a similar concept in his book Scientific Creationism in which he wrote ; " This issue can actually be attacked quantitatively, using simple principles of mathematical probability.

Michael Behe's controversial book Darwin's Black Box popularized the concept of irreducible complexity.

Dewey's most significant writings were " The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology " ( 1896 ), a critique of a standard psychological concept and the basis of all his further work ; Democracy and Education ( 1916 ), his celebrated work on progressive education ; Human Nature and Conduct ( 1922 ), a study of the function of habit in human behavior ; The Public and its Problems ( 1927 ), a defense of democracy written in response to Walter Lippmann's The Phantom Public ( 1925 ); Experience and Nature ( 1925 ), Dewey's most " metaphysical " statement ; Art as Experience ( 1934 ), Dewey's major work on aesthetics ; A Common Faith ( 1934 ), a humanistic study of religion originally delivered as the Dwight H. Terry Lectureship at Yale ; Logic: The Theory of Inquiry ( 1938 ), a statement of Dewey's unusual conception of logic ; Freedom and Culture ( 1939 ), a political work examining the roots of fascism ; and Knowing and the Known ( 1949 ), a book written in conjunction with Arthur F. Bentley that systematically outlines the concept of trans-action, which is central to his other works.

This concept is developed in the book of Jonah: Jonah, the son of truth, ( The name of his father " Amitai " in Hebrew means truth ,) refuses to ask the people of Nineveh to repent.

In collaboration with Engels he also set about writing a book which is often seen as his best treatment of the concept of historical materialism, The German Ideology ; the work, like many others, would not see publication in Marx's lifetime, being published only in 1932.

In 1969, Zuse suggested the concept of a computation-based universe in his book Rechnender Raum ( Calculating Space ).

The anthropologist Paul Rabinow wrote a book on the history of the PCR method in 1996 ( entitled Making PCR ) in which he discussed whether or not Mullis " invented " PCR or " merely " came up with the concept of it.

Though the concept of a shared universe was not new or unique to comics in 1961, writer / editor Stan Lee, together with several artists including Jack Kirby and Steve Ditko, created a series of titles where events in one book would have repercussions in another title and serialized stories would show characters ' growth and change.

Mohism is best known for the concept of " impartial love " or " universal love " () and " No Evasion " () Mozi's philosophy was described in the book Mozi, compiled by his students from his lecture notes.

Obviously as a fictional character he ’ s intended to be heterosexual, but the basis of the whole concept is utterly gay.

In essence, the data warehousing concept was intended to provide an architectural model for the flow of data from operational systems to decision support environments.

Haeckel ’ s embryo drawings are primarily intended to express his idiosyncratic theory of embryonic development, the Biogenetic Law, which in turn assumes ( but is not crucial to ) the evolutionary concept of common descent.

On 12 July 1970, when Wood added multiple cellos to a Lynne-penned song intended to be a Move B-side, the new concept became a reality and " 10538 Overture " became the first Electric Light Orchestra song.

Historically, FPTP has been a contentious electoral system, giving rise to the concept of electoral reform and a multiplicity of different voting systems intended to address perceived weaknesses of plurality voting.

The design was not a uniquely British concept as similar ships were being built around the world, nor was it uniquely intended as a counter to German naval expansion, but the effect was to immediately require Germany to reconsider its naval building program.

Cros's paleophone was intended to both record and reproduce sound but had not been developed beyond a basic concept at the time of Edison's successful demonstration of the Phonograph in 1877.

The usage here is not intended to be inclusive of the concept as used in The Theosophical Society.

The Project Management Body of Knowledge ( PMBOK ) Guide provides an overview of the WBS concept, while the " Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures " is comparable to the DoD handbook, but is intended for more general application.

Ono's final album of the 1980s was Starpeace, a concept album that she intended as an antidote to Ronald Reagan's " Star Wars " missile defense system.

The Alcubierre drive, however, remains a hypothetical concept with seemingly insuperable problems: Though the amount of energy required is no longer thought to be unobtainably large, there is no method to create a warp bubble in a region that does not already contain one, and there is no method to move from the warp-bubble once having arrived at an intended destination.

In Japan, such examples of music inspired by a work and not intended to soundtrack an radio play or motion picture adaptation of it are known as an " image album " or " image song ," though this definition also includes such things as film score demos inspired by concept art and songs inspired by a TV series which do not feature in it.

The concept of the work is astrological rather than astronomical ( which is why Earth is not included ): each movement is intended to convey ideas and emotions associated with the influence of the planets on the psyche, not the Roman deities.

The Gothic cathedral represented the universe in microcosm and each architectural concept, including the loftiness and huge dimensions of the structure, were intended to convey a theological message: the great glory of God.

Richard Wagner's concept of Gesamtkunstwerk (" integrated work of art "), for example, was intended as a return to the ideal of Greek tragedy in which all the arts were blended in service of the drama.

An arsenal ship is a concept for a floating missile platform intended to have as many as five hundred vertical launch bays for mid-sized missiles, most likely cruise missiles.

A Proof of concept prototype is used to test some aspect of the intended design without attempting to exactly simulate the visual appearance, choice of materials or intended manufacturing process.

The live-action footage was intended to look like " a living, walk-through painting ", a visual concept Bakshi had long wanted to achieve.

William Thomson ( Lord Kelvin ) was the first to use the word " demon " for Maxwell's concept, in the journal Nature in 1874, and implied that he intended the mediating, rather than malevolent, connotation of the word.

One preliminary IDS concept consisted of a set of tools intended to help administrators review audit trails.

The best concept arose in a 1913 RN Torpedo School report describing a device intended for countermining, a " dropping mine ".

A similar double deck concept was used in Boeing's later Ultra-Large Aircraft study intended to replace the 747, but ultimately the double deck concept would not see the light of day until the Airbus A380 in the 2000s.

The concept car was intended to show what cars in the year 2000 would look like.