The report includes some of Whorf's influential contributions to linguistic theory, such as the concept of the allophone and of covert grammatical categories.

Since many commentators view the notion of sense as identical to the notion of concept, and Frege regards senses as the linguistic representations of states of affairs in the world, it seems to follow that we may understand concepts as the manner in which we grasp the world.

Generally speaking, unlike dictionary entries, which focus on linguistic information about words, encyclopedia articles focus on factual information to cover the thing or concept for which the article name stands.

* Grue, a linguistic and translation concept ( see Distinguishing blue from green in language )

As an object of linguistic study " language " has two primary meanings: language as an abstract concept, and " a language " ( a specific linguistic system, e. g. " French ").

In addressing the linguistic problem of naming, Edna Andrews says that using " inclusive " and " neutral " language is based upon the concept that " language represents thought, and may even control thought.

Among Whorf's well known examples of linguistic relativity are examples of instances where an indigenous language has several terms for a concept that is only described with one word in English and other European languages ( Whorf used the acronym SAE " Standard Average European " to allude to the rather similar grammatical structures of the well-studied European languages in contrast to the greater diversity of the less-studied languages ).

He argued that when Whorf was describing in English how a Hopi speaker's view of time was different, he was in fact translating the Hopi concept into English and therefore disproving the existence of linguistic relativity.

A third parameter is whether translatability is accepted as a proof of similarity or difference between concept systems or whether it is rather the actual habitual use of linguistic expressions that is to be examined.

The publication of the 1996 anthology Rethinking linguistic relativity edited by sociolinguist John J. Gumperz and psycholinguist Stephen C. Levinson marked the entrance to a new period of linguistic relativity studies and a new way of defining the concept that focused on cognitive as well as social aspects of linguistic relativity.

) The linguistic cleavage in the politics of Belgium adds a political content to « the emotional cultural, and linguistic concept ».

He elaborated on his ideas in a 1973 paper that introduced the concept of " linguistic variables ", which in this article equates to a variable defined as a fuzzy set.

The lack of progress made in defining creoles in terms of their morphology and syntax has led scholars such as Robert Chaudenson, Salikoko Mufwene and Henri Wittmann to question the value of creole as a typological class ; they argue that creoles are structurally no different from any other language, and that creole is a sociohistoric concept — not a linguistic one — encompassing displaced population and slavery.

For Fish, a large part of what renders a reader ’ s subjective experience valuable — that is, why it may be considered “ constrained ” as opposed to an uncontrolled and idiosyncratic assertion of the self — comes from a concept native to the field of linguistics called linguistic competence.

In Fish ’ s source the term is explained as “ the idea that it is possible to characterize a linguistic system that every speaker shares .” In the context of literary criticism, Fish uses this concept to argue that a reader ’ s approach to a text is not completely subjective, and that an internalized understanding of language shared by the native speakers of that given language makes possible the creation of normative boundaries for one ’ s experience with language.

Thus, E-Language is not itself a coherent concept, and Chomsky argues that such notions of language are not useful in the study of innate linguistic knowledge, i. e., competence, even though they may seem sensible and intuitive, and useful in other areas of study.

Parrinder however, equally skeptical of the concept of the Wake as a dream, argues that Joyce came up with the idea of representing his linguistic experiments as a language of the night around 1927 as a means of battling his many critics, further arguing that " since it cannot be said that neologism is a major feature of the dreaming process, such a justification for the language of Finnegans Wake smacks dangerously of expediency.

This usage is probably in accordance with the Zoroastrian concept of the Tūrya, which is not primarily a linguistic or ethnic designation, but rather a name of the infidels that oppose the civilization based on the preaching of Zoroaster.

Somewhere in between the original concept of Swadesh and the rejection of glottochronology in its entirety lies the idea that glottochronology as a formal method of linguistic analysis becomes valid with the help of several important modifications.

The fact that Aryan is essentially a linguistic rather than a racial category led to some difficulty reconciling Nazi-supported racial typologies with the Aryan concept.

Then, in the early 1920s, in a lecture which he was invited to give at Lorentz's university in Leiden, Einstein sought to reconcile the theory of relativity with his mentor's cherished concept of the aether.

This concept was fully elaborated within general relativity, in which physical properties ( which are partially determined by matter ) are attributed to space, but no substance or state of motion can be attributed to that " aether " ( aether = curved space-time ).

Like Einstein, Schrödinger was dissatisfied with the concept of entanglement, because it seemed to violate the speed limit on the transmission of information implicit in the theory of relativity.

In relativity physics, the concept of rapidity replaces the classical idea of speed.

His concept of Minkowski space is the earliest treatment of space and time as two aspects of a unified whole, the essence of special relativity.

The concept of geodesics becomes critical in general relativity, since geodesic motion may be thought of as " pure motion " ( inertial motion ) in spacetime, that is, free from any external influences.

The theory of relativity overturned the concept of motion from Newton's day, by positing that all motion is relative.

In special relativity there is no concept of absolute present.

The theory of relativity is often given as an example of the proliferation of complex words to describe a simple concept.

This 19th-century concept was then superseded by Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity.

This fundamental relativity of the boundary of the TCB is exemplifed by the concept of the target of evaluation ( TOE ) in the Common Criteria security process: in the course of a Common Criteria security evaluation, one of the first decisions that must be made is the boundary of the audit in terms of the list of system components that will come under scrutiny.

On the other hand, in the theory of relativity the concept of instantaneousness does not have an invariant meaning.

Because force is the time derivative of momentum, the concept of force is redundant and subordinate to the conservation of momentum, and is not used in fundamental theories ( e. g., quantum mechanics, quantum electrodynamics, general relativity, etc .).

Interestingly, modern quantum theory agrees that space is not the void, there is the concept of quantum foam which still exists in the absence of all else, although Albert Einstein's general relativity no longer agrees with Newton's concept of an absolute space.

Special relativity suggests that the concept of simultaneity is not universal: according to the relativity of simultaneity, observers in different frames of reference can have different perceptions of whether a given pair of events happened at the same time or at different times, with there being no physical basis for preferring one frame's judgments over another's ( though in a case where one event A happens in the past light cone of another event B, all frames will agree that A happened in the past of B ).

The negative results are generally considered to be the first strong evidence against the then prevalent aether theory, and initiated a line of research that eventually led to special relativity, in which the stationary aether concept has no role.

Comoving and proper distances are not the same concept of distance as the concept of distance in special relativity.

Max Thurian describes the classic Reformed / Presbyterian concept of apostolic succession in the following terms.

The result of the efforts of Bose and Einstein is the concept of a Bose gas, governed by Bose – Einstein statistics, which describes the statistical distribution of identical particles with integer spin, now known as bosons.

American media critic Herbert Schiller wrote: " The concept of cultural imperialism today best describes the sum of the processes by which a society is brought into the modern world system and how its dominating stratum is attracted, pressured, forced, and sometimes bribed into shaping social institutions to correspond to, or even promote, the values and structures of the dominating centre of the system.

The adjective consubstantial however describes a different theological concept.

The discussion above describes a file as a concept presented to a user or a high-level operating system.

In " Imperialism, Nationalism, Chauvinism ", in The Review of Politics 7. 4, ( October 1945 ), p. 457, Hannah Arendt, the political theorist, describes the concept:

A dynamical system is a concept in mathematics where a fixed rule describes the time dependence of a point in a geometrical space.

The distinction between the two is subtle: " higher-order " describes a mathematical concept of functions that operate on other functions, while " first-class " is a computer science term that describes programming language entities that have no restriction on their use ( thus first-class functions can appear anywhere in the program that other first-class entities like numbers can, including as arguments to other functions and as their return values ).

Historically, the concept of fundamental group first emerged in the theory of Riemann surfaces, in the work of Bernhard Riemann, Henri Poincaré and Felix Klein, where it describes the monodromy properties of complex functions, as well as providing a complete topological classification of closed surfaces.

This section describes the history of the idea of feudalism, how the concept originated among scholars and thinkers, how it changed over time, and modern debates about its use.

This concept describes a " reciprocal ", or " two-way ", relationship between one's self and others that involves both sides equally, and in a mutual fashion.

Sometimes translated as the " Loyal Opposition ", it acknowledges the legitimate existence of the two party system, and describes an important constitutional concept: opposing the government is not treason ; reasonable men can honestly oppose its policies and still be loyal to the Sovereign and the nation.

* For the general treatment of the concept of a product, see product ( category theory ), which describes how to combine two objects of some kind to create an object, possibly of a different kind.

The concept of the prayer wheel is a physical manifestation of the phrase " turning the wheel of Dharma ," which describes the way in which the Buddha taught.

Marco Polo in his 13th-century travels, for example, describes the Persian race — the current concept of " race " dates back only to the 17th century.

* It describes the concept in laymans terms

Borges ' total library concept was the main theme of his widely read 1941 short story " The Library of Babel ", which describes an unimaginably vast library consisting of interlocking hexagonal chambers, together containing every possible volume that could be composed from the letters of the alphabet and some punctuation characters.

The original concept of Reed – Solomon coding describes encoding of k message symbols by viewing them as coefficients of a polynomial p ( x ) of maximum degree k − 1 over a finite field of order N, and evaluating the polynomial at n > k distinct input points.

The concept of phenotypic plasticity describes the degree to which an organism's phenotype is determined by its genotype.

: This article describes the company Airspeed Ltd. For the technical concept, see Airspeed.

Lenin describes his dialectical understanding of the concept of development:

7 ), describes a similar concept of prophecy, since a voice that did not originate from a body cannot exist, the understanding of Moses was based on his lofty philosophical understandings.

Rabbi Lord Immanuel Jakobovits, former Chief Rabbi of the United Synagogue of Great Britain, describes the mainstream Jewish view on this issue: " Yes, I do believe that the chosen people concept as affirmed by Judaism in its holy writ, its prayers, and its millennial tradition.