The concept was based on the presence of significant gravity anomalies over continental crust, from which he inferred that there must exist a strong upper layer ( which he called the lithosphere ) above a weaker layer which could flow ( which he called the asthenosphere ).

Analog experiments based on this concept were carried out using a centrifuge using a lighter and denser brittle and ductile " lithosphere " floating on still denser " asthenosphere ".

This concept involves the progressive uplift of an actively spreading oceanic ridge, the detachment of slices from the upper part of the lithosphere and the subsequent gravity sliding of these slices onto the continental margin.

In this concept, two largely independent convective processes occur in the mantle: the broad convective flow associated with plate tectonics, which is driven primarily by the sinking of cold plates of lithosphere back into the mantle asthenosphere, and mantle plumes, which carry heat upward in narrow, rising columns, driven by heat exchange across the core-mantle boundary.

The group's keyboardist Rick Wakeman released many concept albums on his own, most notably The Six Wives of Henry VIII and Journey to the Centre of the Earth, which was based on the novel by Jules Verne.

The English sinologist Cullen emphasizes the point that there was no concept of a round Earth in ancient Chinese astronomy:

c. BC ) opposed the concept of a spherical Earth, because he considered that in an infinite universe there was no center towards which heavy bodies would tend, thus he considered the idea of animals walking around topsy-turvy under the Earth to be absurd.

For example: some early medieval manuscripts of Macrobius include maps of the Earth, including the antipodes, zonal maps showing the Ptolemaic climates derived from the concept of a spherical Earth and a diagram showing the Earth ( labeled as globus terrae, the sphere of the Earth ) at the center of the hierarchically ordered planetary spheres.

) had suggested that the Earth revolves around the Sun, but Copernicus's concept was the first to be accepted as a valid scientific possibility.

:: This article is about the Hollow Earth concept.

The concept of a hollow Earth still recurs in folklore and as the premise for subterranean fiction, a subgenre of adventure fiction.

In ancient times, the idea of subterranean realms seemed arguable, and became intertwined with the concept of " places " such as the Greek Hades, the Nordic svartalfheim, the Christian Hell, and the Jewish Sheol ( with details describing inner Earth in Kabalistic literature, such as the Zohar and Hesed L ' Avraham ).

The 1915 novel Plutonia by Vladimir Obruchev uses the concept of the hollow Earth to take the reader through various geological epochs.

In 1974, Young Earth Creationist Henry M. Morris introduced a similar concept in his book Scientific Creationism in which he wrote ; " This issue can actually be attacked quantitatively, using simple principles of mathematical probability.

In Wicca, ( especially Dianic Wicca ) the concept of an Earth or Mother Goddess, similar to the Greek Gaia, is emphasized.

In Burroughs ' concept, the Earth is a hollow shell with Pellucidar as the internal surface of that shell.

Another concept of sin deals with things that exist on Earth but not in Heaven.

As soon as they discovered that the Earth is spherical they devised the concept of the celestial sphere, an imaginary spherical surface rotating with the heavenly bodies ( ouranioi ) fixed in it ( the modern one does not rotate, but the stars in it do ).

The evidence for low latitude glacial deposits during the supposed Snowball Earth episodes has been reinterpreted via the concept of inertial interchange true polar wander ( IITPW ).

) is the concept of permanent human habitation outside of Earth.

In related stories, the creation idea is caused by a single entity emanating or producing something by him-or herself, as in the Tibetan Buddhism concept of Adi-Buddha, the ancient Greek story of Gaia ( Mother Earth ), the Aztec goddess Coatlicue myth, the ancient Egyptian god Atum story, or the Genesis creation narrative.

A concept to provide low Earth orbit ( LEO ) propellant depots that could be used as way-stations for other spacecraft to stop and refuel on the way to beyond-LEO missions has proposed that waste gaseous hydrogen — an inevitable byproduct of long-term liquid hydrogen storage in the radiative heat environment of space — would be usable as a monopropellant in a solar-thermal propulsion system.

Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon is a parlor game based on the " six degrees of separation " concept, which posits that any two people on Earth are, on average, about six acquaintance links apart.

The concept of the work is astrological rather than astronomical ( which is why Earth is not included ): each movement is intended to convey ideas and emotions associated with the influence of the planets on the psyche, not the Roman deities.

To be Hopi is to strive toward this concept, which involves a state of total reverence and respect for all things, to be at peace with these things, and to live in accordance with the instructions of Maasaw, the Creator or Caretaker of Earth.

Are we judging Warhol ’ s concept?

The so-called Stabilized Temperature Platform Furnace ( STPF ) concept, proposed by Walter Slavin, based on research of Boris L ’ vov, makes ET AAS essentially free from interference.

Schaefer ’ s concept of " vocality " offers neither a compromise nor a synthesis of the views which see the poem as on the one hand Germanic, pagan, and oral and on the other Latin-derived, Christian, and literate, but, as stated by Monika Otter: "... a ' tertium quid ', a modality that participates in both oral and literate culture yet also has a logic and aesthetic of its own.

Obviously as a fictional character he ’ s intended to be heterosexual, but the basis of the whole concept is utterly gay.

Antoine Lavoisier, in his famed 1789 Traité Élémentaire de Chimie ( Elements of Chemistry ), refers to Bergmann ’ s work and discusses the concept of elective affinities or attractions.

Also, new information might threaten the student ’ s concept of him-or herself ; therefore, the less vulnerable the student feels, the more likely he or she will be able to open up to the learning process.

That is not to say that Eleanor invented courtly love, for it was a concept that had begun to grow before Eleanor ’ s court arose.

Haeckel ’ s embryo drawings are primarily intended to express his idiosyncratic theory of embryonic development, the Biogenetic Law, which in turn assumes ( but is not crucial to ) the evolutionary concept of common descent.

In a recent study based on Kafka's office writings, Reza Banakar points out that many of Kafka ’ s descriptions of law and legality are often treated as metaphors for things other than law, but also are worthy of examination as a particular concept of law and legality which operates paradoxically as an integral part of the human condition under modernity.

The concept of furry originated at a science fiction convention in 1980, when a drawing of a character from Steve Gallacci ’ s Albedo Anthropomorphics initiated a discussion of anthropomorphic characters in science fiction novels, which in turn initiated a discussion group that met at science fiction and comics conventions.

With all the Muslim dominated provinces except the Punjab under Jinnah ’ s control, the artificial concept of a separate Muslim State was turning into a reality.

Quid pro quo, sums up the concept of logrolling in the United States ’ political process today.

The concept of libre works arose with Richard Stallman ’ s description of free software in 1985 and was codified in the 1986 free software definition.

These factors significantly influenced the popularity of the concept of colonization as a ‘ solution ’ to the ‘ problem ’ of free blacks.

For platformist anarcho-communist Wayne Price " Today ’ s proposals for Parecon, in which workers are rewarded for the intensity and duration of their labor in a cooperative economy, would fit into Bakunin ’ s or Marx ’ s concept of a transitory, beginning, phase, of a free society ... Kropotkin rejected the two-phase approach of the Marxists and the anarchist-collectivists.

Similar to Eastman Kodak's concept of the " Kodak moment ", the philosophy behind Lomography is summarized in its motto, " Don ’ t Think, Just Shoot.

In Marzano ’ s restructuring knowledge, the informal curriculum promotes the use of prior knowledge to help students gain big ideas and concept understanding.

The counter-action against Stalin aligned with Lenin ’ s advocacy of the right of self-determination for the national and ethnic groups of the former Tsarist Empire, which was a key theoretic concept of Leninism.

Epstein's reference to this " phenomenon of an epiphanic being ", which appears through the transduction of sound, proved influential on Schaeffer ’ s concept of reduced listening.

Chapman and Bartels ( 1940 ) illustrated this concept by postulating a plate with infinite conductivity placed on the dayside of a planet ’ s dipole as shown in the schematic.

Since the solar wind is continuously flowing outward, the magnetopause above, below and to the sides of the planet are swept backward into the geomagnetic tail as shown in the artist ’ s concept.

Rooted in Gene Roddenberry ’ s Star Trek universe, it was the first Trek spin-off created without direct involvement from Roddenberry, although he did give his blessing to the concept shortly before his death in 1991.