The concept of " work ethic " is attached to the theodicy of fortune ; thus, because of the Protestant " work ethic ," there was a contribution of higher class outcomes and more education amongst Protestants.

French philosopher Voltaire criticised Leibniz's concept of theodicy in his Poème sur le désastre de Lisbonne ( Poem on the Lisbon disaster ), suggesting that the massive destruction of innocent lives caused by the Lisbon earthquake demonstrated that God was not providing the " best of all possible worlds ".

Professor Sarah Iles Johnston argues that ancient civilizations, such as the ancient Mesopotamians, Greeks, Romans, and Egyptians held polytheistic beliefs that may have enabled them to deal with the concept of theodicy differently.

Jean Bodin, writing in the sixteenth century, may have been the seminal thinker, but it was the vastly influential John Austin who set out the main lines of the concept as now understood.

They recognized that slavery was a moral issue and not merely an economic interest, and that to recognize it explicitly in their Constitution would be in explosive contradiction to the concept of sovereignty they had set forth in the Declaration of 1776 that `` all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among them are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

But though the Southern States, when drafting a constitution to unite themselves, narrowed the difference to this fine point by omitting to assert the right to secede, the fact remained that by seceding from the Union they had already acted on the concept that it was composed primarily of sovereign states.

What was perhaps more important than his concept of the nature of history and the historical method were those forces which shaped the direction of his thought.

There was only one way to accomplish this: by design, by drawing diagrams and sketches in which he probed the remotest corner of his mind for creative ideas to carry his concept.

what mattered was that a new concept of Americans was being born.

The concept of the Middle Kingdom at peace, strong and united under a forceful ruler, which had been only a longed-for ideal in the time of the Warring States, was finally realized by the establishment of a Chinese Empire under the Ch'in dynasty ( 221-207 B.C. ).

there was no Martian concept to match it -- unless one took `` church '' and `` worship '' and `` God '' and `` congregation '' and many other words and equated them to the totality of the only world he had known during growing-waiting then forced the concept back into English in that phrase which had been rejected ( by each differently ) by Jubal, by Mahmoud, by Digby.

He was closer to understanding it in English now, although it could never have the inevitability of the Martian concept it stood for.

`` I did not perceive this essential distinction either, First-Born '', Hesperus said at once, `` I was only practicing a concept that Jack taught me, called a deal ''.

This concept was emphasized by Sufi mystics like Rabia al-Adawiyya who paid attention to the difference between dedication to Allah ( i. e. God ) and dedication to people.

The zero was probably introduced to the Chinese in the Tang Dynasty ( 618-907 AD ) when travel in the Indian Ocean and the Middle East would have provided direct contact with India, allowing them to acquire the concept of zero and the decimal point from Indian merchants and mathematicians.

A third concept was proposed in 1923 by Gilbert N. Lewis which includes reactions with acid-base characteristics that do not involve a proton transfer.

The concept of an atom as an indivisible component of matter was first proposed by early Indian and Greek philosophers.

As it took many years for the name " The Ashes " to be given to the ongoing series between England and Australia, there was no concept of there being a representation of the ashes being presented to the winners.

Ford was the first company to build large factories around the assembly line concept.

The assembly line concept was independently redeveloped throughout history and not " invented " at one time by one person.

A peculiar feature of these Taoist thinkers, like the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove, was the concept of feng liu ( lit.

Rabbi Trugman states that in the last five centuries the concept of reincarnation, which until then had been a much hidden tradition within Judaism, was given open exposure.

The Arian concept of Christ is that the Son of God did not always exist, but was created by — and is therefore distinct from — God the Father.

Woolfson, a songwriter and composer, was working as a session pianist ; he had also composed material for a concept album idea based on the work of Edgar Allan Poe.

A grant application to build a proof of concept prototype was submitted in March 1939 to the Agronomy department which was also interested in speeding up computation for economic and research analysis.

The Carnot engine model was graphically expanded upon by Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron in 1834 and mathematically elaborated upon by Rudolf Clausius in 1857 and 66 from which the concept of entropy emerged.

The concept of Eris as developed by the Principia Discordia is used and expanded upon in the science fiction work The Illuminatus!

He also expanded on the concept of reducibility and, along with Ken Durre, developed a computer test for it.

Western European cultures expanded on this concept by filling the bottoms of their watercraft with rocks and other ballast.

* Greg Bear used the concept of the Noösphere as the interaction space of his ' noöcytes ' when he expanded his short story Blood Music to a full length novel in 1985.

The concept has expanded to include worlds not only in the Solar System, but in hundreds of other extrasolar systems.

The concept of P2P is increasingly evolving to an expanded usage as the relational dynamic active in distributed networks, i. e., not just computer-to-computer, but human-to-human.

The concept was quickly seen as successful, and was expanded to other railroads operating out of Chicago, including the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, Chicago and Rock Island, Pennsylvania and the Erie.

Later the concept was expanded by David Hilbert and especially Emmy Noether.

In 1891, Steiner earned a doctorate in philosophy at the University of Rostock in Germany with a thesis based upon Fichte's concept of the ego, later published in expanded form as Truth and Knowledge.

Later the concept was expanded greatly to comprise any interaction with radiative energy as a function of its wavelength or frequency.

In the Middle Ages the term was used to describe two pitches sounding in combination, and in the Renaissance the concept was expanded to denote three pitches sounding together.

The concept of a refugee was expanded by the Convention's 1967 Protocol and by regional conventions in Africa and Latin America to include persons who had fled war or other violence in their home country.

This concept was expanded on Salyut 7, which " hard docked " with a TKS tug shortly before it was abandoned ; this served as a proof-of-concept for the use of modular space stations.

Although Boswell originally conceived Timeslip as a single-story six-part serial, the concept was soon expanded into a much longer series of twenty-six episodes.

A rearrangement was achieved and the park was given a new concept and expanded to 838 km².

" Debord further expanded this concept of psychogeography with his theory of the dérive, an unplanned tour through an urban landscape directed entirely by the feelings evoked in the individual by their surroundings, serving as the primary means for mapping and investigating the psychogeography of these different areas.

Thus the concept of Lebensraum was picked up and expanded by publicists of the day, including Karl Haushofer and General Friedrich von Bernhardi.

Shaw expanded on the concept in the novel Other Days, Other Eyes, and the concept was adopted by the Marvel Comics / Curtis Magazines anthology magazine Unknown Worlds of Science Fiction.

This idea was eventually expanded into the concept of a multiverse, including such worlds as Earth-Three, which was an " opposite " world where heroes were villains and historical events happened in reverse of how they occurred in real life ( e. g., President John Wilkes Booth being assassinated by an actor named Abraham Lincoln ), and Earth Prime, which was ostensibly the " real world " and used to explain how real-life DC staffers ( such as Julius Schwartz ) could occasionally appear in comics stories, and so forth.

In the 1970s, the concept of art itself expanded and groups like Survival Research Laboratories, Borbetomagus and Elliott Sharp embraced and extended the most dissonant and least approachable aspects of these musical / spatial concepts.

Another German strategist of the period was Hans Delbrück who expanded on Clausewitz's concept of " limited warfare " to produce a theory on the " strategy of exhaustion ".

New Age beliefs about Hunab Ku derive from the work of Mexican philosopher Domingo Martínez Parédez ( 1904 – 1984 ), who first presented his interpretation of the concept in 1953 and expanded upon his ideas in a subsequent book, Hunab Kú: Síntesis del pensamiento filosófico maya ( 1964 ).