In perennialist usage, esotericism is a metaphysical concept referring to a supposed “ transcendent unity ” of all great religious traditions.

Nur ad-Din was extremely pious and during his rule the concept of jihad came to be interpreted as a kind of counter-crusade against the kingdom, which was an impediment to Muslim unity, both political and spiritual.

As a rule, Gandhi was opposed to the concept of partition as it contradicted his vision of religious unity.

Similar ideas can be found in other cultures, for example in China, where a concept often translated as " race " was associated with supposed common descent from the Yellow Emperor, and used to stress the unity of ethnic groups in China.

A new concept of celebrations beneath the human underground must emerge, become conscious, and be shared, so a revolution can be formed with a renaissance of compassion, awareness, and love, and the revelation of unity for all mankind.

Here, the concept of adherence tradition is embodied by the political philosophy of traditionalist conservatism ( or simply traditionalism ), which emphasizes the need for the principles of natural law and transcendent moral order, hierarchy and organic unity, agrarianism, classicism and high culture, and the intersecting spheres of loyalty.

Mahathir Mohamad promoted the concept on the basis of its economic merits as a stable unit of account and also as a political symbol to create greater unity between Islamic nations.

All this unity ( sensation – concept or category – emotion – focusing of thought into an impression ) leads to the formation of a certain assumption or belief ( hypolepsis ).

In the mid-1920s, Orff began to formulate a concept he called " elementare Musik ", or elemental music, which was based on the unity of the arts symbolized by the ancient Greek Muses and involved tone, dance, poetry, image, design, and theatrical gesture.

The above equation is a good approximation only when the argument of the logarithm is much larger than unity — the concept of an ideal gas breaks down at low values of V / N.

The osteopathic medical philosophy is defined as the concept of health care that embraces the concept of the unity of the living organism's structure ( anatomy ) and function ( physiology ).

It was named to honor the concept of unity.

His magnum opus Sha ' ar HaYichud aims to systematically explain the concept of God's unity with the universe.

* Tawhid ( the Islamic concept of divine unity )

* Ein Sof ( A Jewish Kabalistic concept of divine unity )

In the rescript, which follows the Five Charter Oath of 1868, the Emperor denied the concept of his being a living god, which would eventually lead to the promulgation of the new Constitution, under which the Emperor is “ the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people .”

* Divine simplicity ( the Christian concept of divine unity )

By emphasizing the unity of the Chinese nation into pre-historic times, the concept legitimates the rule of a single centralised state and implicitly relegates any other potential power holders ( both historical and contemporary ) to positions of subordination or illegitimacy.

In like manner the concept of the Creator demonstrates the unity of God.

The main aims of the organization were “ to mobilize the Jewish people and the democratic forces against the Nazi onslaught ”, to “ fight for equal political and economic rights everywhere, and particularly for the Jewish minorities in Central and Eastern Europe ”, to support the establishment of a “ Jewish National Home in Palestine ” and to create “ a worldwide Jewish representative body based on the concept of the unity of the Jewish people, democratically organized and able to act on matters of common concern ”.

In the post-World War years, the concept of qawmiyya " gradually assumed a leftist coloration, calling for ... the creation of revolutionary Arab unity.

The theological concept una mystica persona ( one mystical person ) refers not to an individual relation but to the unity of Christ with the Church and the unity of its members with him in her.

Recognizing that the Rule of Law is `` a dynamic concept which should be employed not only to safeguard the civil and political rights of the individual in a free society '', the Congress asserted that it also included the responsibility `` to establish social, economic, educational and cultural conditions under which his legitimate aspirations and dignity may be realized ''.

A broader concept of imitation is needed, one which acknowledges that true invention is important, that the artist's creativity in part transcends the non-artistic causal factors out of which it arises.

For it is their catastrophic concept of the Anglo-Saxon invasions rather than Kemble's gradualist approach which dominates the field.

But beginning, for all practical purposes, with Frederick Seebohm's English Village Community scholars have had to reckon with a theory involving institutional and agrarian continuity between Roman and Anglo-Saxon times which is completely at odds with the reigning concept of the Anglo-Saxon invasions.

What was perhaps more important than his concept of the nature of history and the historical method were those forces which shaped the direction of his thought.

There was only one way to accomplish this: by design, by drawing diagrams and sketches in which he probed the remotest corner of his mind for creative ideas to carry his concept.

Recognizing the limitations of such a program, the 78th Congress in 1943 passed P. L. 113, which broadened the concept of rehabilitation to include the provision of physical restoration services to remove or reduce disabilities, and which revised the financing structure.

271 - 307 ) indicate, that the concept of function in sociology has been built up from physiological and biological models, in which the notions of teleology, i.e., metaphysical purpose, are central.

This is stated to emphasize the necessity for an over-all concept of submarine defense, one which would provide positions of relative importance to ASW elements based on projected potentialities.

That which follows will be a discussion of principles and possible content for an over-all concept of antisubmarine warfare.

The concept of the Middle Kingdom at peace, strong and united under a forceful ruler, which had been only a longed-for ideal in the time of the Warring States, was finally realized by the establishment of a Chinese Empire under the Ch'in dynasty ( 221-207 B.C. ).

there was no Martian concept to match it -- unless one took `` church '' and `` worship '' and `` God '' and `` congregation '' and many other words and equated them to the totality of the only world he had known during growing-waiting then forced the concept back into English in that phrase which had been rejected ( by each differently ) by Jubal, by Mahmoud, by Digby.

At the same time, the Romantic reaction to the Enlightenment produced thinkers, such as Johann Gottfried Herder and later Wilhelm Dilthey, whose work formed the basis for the " culture concept ," which is central to the discipline.

Authors such as David Schneider, Clifford Geertz, and Marshall Sahlins developed a more fleshed-out concept of culture as a web of meaning or signification, which proved very popular within and beyond the discipline.

Another possible source of the suanpan is Chinese counting rods, which operated with a decimal system but lacked the concept of zero as a place holder.

A third concept was proposed in 1923 by Gilbert N. Lewis which includes reactions with acid-base characteristics that do not involve a proton transfer.

In philosophy, religion, mythology, and fiction, the afterlife ( also referred to as life after death, or Hereafter ) is the concept of a realm, or the realm itself ( whether physical or transcendental ), in which an essential part of an individual's identity or consciousness continues to reside after the death of the body in the individual's lifetime.

The positive Kohnstamm reactivity in Condition 1 ( ( the naive state ) is not adequately explained by such a concept as suggestibility ( if suggestibility is defined as the influence on behavior by verbal cues ).

Although many were initially wary of the concept, it was because people were able to witness the procedure's consistently positive results, within their own community of ordinary citizens, that it became widely utilized and supported.

For a given material, it can have a positive or negative sign or exceptionally it can be zero, and this can depend on the temperature, as it does for water about 4 C. The concept of latent heat with respect to volume was perhaps first recognized by Joseph Black in 1762.

Extending the logic of these measures, Green adumbrated a positive and collectivist definition of liberty, a concept of " public freedom " that justified legislative oversight of economic life, especially land ownership and use.

In the development of the self concept, he saw conditional and unconditional positive regard as key.

This is a concept of distance expressed by means of a smooth positive definite symmetric bilinear form defined on the tangent space at each point.

The field lines are the paths that a point positive charge would seek to make as it was forced to move within the field ; they are however an imaginary concept with no physical existence, and the field permeates all the intervening space between the lines.

Even though there are also reports of distressing experiences and negative life-reviews, which share some similarities with the concept of Hell, the positive experiences of meeting or entering ' the Light ' is reported as an immensely intense feeling state of love, peace and joy beyond human comprehension.

The concept of Karma in Jainism is basically a reaction due to the attachment or aversion with which an activity ( both positive and negative ) is executed in thought, verbal, and physical sense.

In line with his rejection of such ' positive ' tenets of Enlightenment-era Humanism, he was active, with Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, in the Anti-Psychiatry Movement, considering much of institutionalized psychiatry and, in particular, Freud's concept of repression central to Psychoanalysis ( which was still very influential in France during the 1960s and 70s ), to be both harmful and misplaced.

The failure to renew the Licensing Act led to confusion and both positive and negative outcomes ; while the government no longer played a part in censoring publications, and the monopoly of the Company over printing was broken, there was uncertainty as to whether or not copyright was a binding legal concept without the legislation.

The concept of totalitarianism was first developed in a positive sense in the 1920s by the Italian fascists.

David Holmes examined sixty years of research about the Freudian concept of " repression ", and concluded that there is no positive evidence for this concept.

Central to the communitarian philosophy is the concept of positive rights, which are rights or guarantees to certain things.

If a philosopher wanted to proffer a positive definition of the concept " reality ", it would be done under this heading.

Robert Putnam has used the concept in a much more positive light: though he was at first careful to argue that social capital was a neutral term, stating “ whether or not shared are praiseworthy is, of course, entirely another matter ”, his work on American society tends to frame social capital as a producer of " civic engagement " and also a broad societal measure of communal health.

Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities.

Crucial to sociolinguistic analysis is the concept of prestige ; certain speech habits are assigned a positive or a negative value, which is then applied to the speaker.

Talbot's original contributions included the concept of a negative from which many positive prints can be made ( although the terms negative and positive were coined by Herschel ), and the use of gallic acid for developing the latent image.

B. F. Skinner is the father of behavior modification and developed the concept of positive reinforcement.

* Angèle Kremer-Marietti, Le concept de science positive.