According to legend, this prompted Ananda to focus his efforts on the attainment of nibbana and he was able to reach the specified level of attainment before the calling of the conclave.

He received some votes in the 1605 conclaves which elected Pope Leo XI, Pope Paul V, and in 1621 when Pope Gregory XV was elected, but only in the second conclave of 1605 was he papabile.

And in fact, since the 120 limit was enacted, no conclave has been held with even a full 120 entitled to participate.

While he was convalescing in Castel Sant ' Angelo, his troops controlled the conclave.

On the death of Clement in 1721, Alberoni boldly appeared at the conclave, and took part in the election of Innocent XIII, after which he was for a short time imprisoned by the new pontiff on the demand of Spain, but was cleared of all charges by a commission of his fellow Cardinals.

At the next election ( 1724 ) he was himself proposed for the papal chair, and secured ten votes at the conclave that elected Benedict XIII.

During this conclave the Hands of the Cause decided that the situation of the Guardian having died without being able to appoint a successor was a situation not dealt with in the texts that define the Bahá ' í administration, and that it would need to be reviewed and adjudicated upon by the Universal House of Justice, which hadn't been elected yet.

The office-holder is Pope Benedict XVI, who was elected in a papal conclave on 19 April 2005.

The conclave in Konstanz where Pope Martin V was elected

The ballots are distributed and each cardinal elector writes the name of his choice on it and pledges aloud that he is voting for " one whom under God I think ought to be elected " before folding and depositing his vote on a plate atop a large chalice placed on the altar ( in the 2005 conclave, a special urn was used for this purpose instead of a chalice and plate ).

When Innocent X died, Chigi, the candidate favoured by Spain, was elected pope after eighty days in the conclave, on 7 April 1655, taking the name of Alexander VII.

The conclave believed he was strongly opposed to the nepotism that had been a feature of previous popes.

During the conclave, he had been hostile to Chigi's election, but was in the end compelled to accept him as a compromise.

In the conclave after the death of the Medici Pope Leo X, his cousin, Cardinal Giulio de ' Medici was the leading figure.

After the long deadlocked vacancy in the papal see after the death of Clement IV, a vacant seat of three years, he was one of the six cardinals who finally elected Pope Gregory X by compromise on 1 September 1271 in a conclave held at Viterbo because conditions in Rome were too turbulent.

Martin was elected pope at the Council of Constance on St. Martin's Day, 11 November 1417, by a conclave consisting of twenty-three cardinals and thirty delegates of the council.

On 9 April 1555, on the evening of the fourth day of the papal conclave, Cervini was " adored " as Pope, despite efforts by cardinals loyal to the Emperor Charles V to block his election.

Cardinal Piccolomini participated in the conclave that elected Pope Paul II ( 1464 – 71 ) in 1464, but was absent when Pope Sixtus IV ( 1471 – 84 ) was elected in 1471.

Following the death of Benedict XI in 1304, there was a year's interregnum occasioned by disputes between the French and Italian cardinals, who were nearly equally balanced in the conclave, which had to be held at Perugia.

Whether this was true or not, it is likely that the future pope had conditions laid down for him by the conclave of cardinals.

He was made cardinal-priest of Santi Nereo e Achilleo and administrator of the bishopric of Avignon by Benedict XII in 1338 and was chosen to succeed him as pope at the papal conclave of 1342.

( As a result of the setting of the age limit at the start of 1971, twenty-five living cardinals, including the last three surviving cardinals elevated by Pope Pius XI, lost the right to participate in a conclave.

) Since Popes can dispense from church laws, they have sometimes brought the number of cardinals under the age of 80 to more than 120, perhaps calculating that the number would be sufficiently reduced by the time the need for a conclave would arise.

* Ordinarium Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae, a document written by Jacobi Gaytani that furthered the development of the papal conclave by establishing a voting procedure currently referred to as " approval voting "

The Pope, head of state of Vatican City, is chosen by previously appointed cardinals under 80 years of age from among themselves in a papal conclave.

However, upon being elected Pope at the papal conclave of 1303, he released King Philip IV of France from the excommunication that had been laid upon him by Boniface VIII, and practically ignored Boniface's bull Unam sanctam, which asserted papal supremacy over secular rulers.

The conclave began on 23 December 1294, ten days after Celestine's resignation, in strict accordance with the rules established by Pope Gregory X at the Second Council of Lyons of 1274.

After the death of Pope Innocent IX ( 1591 ), another stormy conclave ensued, where a determined minority of Italian Cardinals were unwilling to be dictated to by Philip II of Spain.

Ganganelli was elected Pope Clement XIV on 19 May 1769 and was installed on 4 June 1769, after a conclave that had been sitting since 15 February 1769, heavily influenced by the political manoeuvres of the ambassadors of Catholic sovereigns who were opposed to the Jesuits.

Some of the pressure was subtle: for an unprecedented impromptu visit to the conclave by Emperor Joseph II ( 1765 – 90 ) and his brother Leopold, Grand Duke of Tuscany, officially incognito, the seals were broken, the Austrians inspected the proceedings with great interest and brought with them a festive banquet.

Gregory was chosen at Rome in 1406 by a conclave consisting of only fifteen cardinals under the express condition that, should Antipope Benedict XIII ( 1394 – 1423 ), the rival papal claimant at Avignon, renounce all claim to the Papacy, he would also renounce his, so that a fresh election might be made and the Western Schism ( 1378 – 1417 ) could be ended.

He tried to supplement his following by creating four of his Correr nephews cardinals – including the future Pope Eugene IV, despite his promise in the conclave that he would create no new cardinals.

* 1271 – September 1 – Pope Gregory X is elected pope by compromise between French and Italian cardinals, ending a three-year conclave, the longest ever.

He was the second Pope of the Avignon Papacy ( 1309 – 1377 ), elected by a conclave in Lyon assembled by King Philip V of France.

A document from the seventeenth century entitled " Advice for the Conclavist " describes the duties and rewards of the practice: conclavists were expected to care for the physical needs of the cardinal elector ( e. g. making his bed and warming his food ), gather information, spread disinformation, carry a heavy purse for distributing funds to minor conclave servants in exchange for information, possess wine and food in his cell for entertaining, and carry disguises for himself and his boss so they could move from cell to cell unrecognized.

On Ratzinger's election as Pope in the 2005 conclave, it fell to Sodano to perform the functions allotted to the Dean at the end of the conclave ( asking the pope-elect if he accepted the election, and then asking what name the new pope wanted to use ) and at Benedict XVI's Papal Inauguration.

Although Cesare managed to seize the remnants of the Papal treasury for his own use, he was unable to secure Rome itself, as French and Spanish armies converged on the city in an attempt to influence the Papal conclave ; the election of Pius III ( who soon died, to be replaced by Julius II ) stripped Cesare of his titles and relegated him to commanding a company of men-at-arms.

Before 1903, the latest attempted use of a veto was going to be at the 1846 conclave, but the cardinal whom the Austrian Emperor had entrusted to issue the veto arrived too late, finding the conclave over and that Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, the man he was meant to veto, publicly announced as Pope Pius IX.

The right to enter the conclave of cardinals who elect the pope is now limited to those who have not reached the age of 80 years on the day of the pope's death or resignation.

Almost all of the prominent priests who were elevated to the cardinalate as cardinal-deacons were near or over the age of 80 when elevated, and so would not have participated in a papal conclave.

After the death of Pope Urban VII on 27 September 1590, the Spanish ambassador Olivares presented the conclave a list of the seven cardinals who would be acceptable to his master Philip II of Spain.

Upon the death of Pope Pius V ( 1566 – 1572 ), the conclave chose Cardinal Boncompagni, who assumed the name of Gregory XIII in homage to the great reforming Pope, Gregory I ( 590 – 604 ), surnamed the Great.

Grimoard was a compromise candidate who was elected due to the fact that none of the cardinals voting in the conclave wished to serve.

His unpopularity swayed the papal conclave not to elect Cardinal Giulio Sacchetti who was closely associated with the Barberini.

Instead, it elected Cardinal Giovanni Battista Pamphili as his successor at the papal conclave of 1644, who took the name of Innocent X.

This conclave elected Jacques Duèze, who took the name John XXII and was crowned in Lyon.

The conclave condemned Jan Hus, who was executed by burning in spite of a promise of safe-conduct.

In the four months ' conclave which followed the death of Clement XIV Spain, France and Portugal at length dropped their objection to Braschi, who was after all one of the more moderate opponents of the anti-Jesuit policy of the previous Pope, and he was elected to the Holy See on 15 February 1775, taking the name of Pius VI.

However, the third vote had already begun, and thus the conclave had to continue with the voting, which resulted in no clear winner, though it did indicate that many of the conclave wished to turn their support to Sarto, who had 21 votes upon counting.

Additionally, he had been deeply saddened by the Austro-Hungarian veto and vowed to rescind these powers and excommunicate anyone who communicated such a veto during a conclave.

One of Pius VII's first acts was to appoint the minor cleric Ercole Consalvi, who had performed so ably as secretary to the recent conclave, to the College of Cardinals and to the office of Cardinal Secretary of State.

The Viterbese, who did not agree with the election of a foreigner directed by the King of Naples, Charles I of Anjou, invaded the cathedral where the conclave was held, arresting two of the cardinals.

It was further alleged that Siri was again ' elected ' in the 1963 conclave, only again to be vetoed in favour of Giovanni Montini who became Pope Paul VI.

Media reports suggested that Siri in fact topped the first count of votes in the August 1978 conclave but ultimately was beaten by Albino Luciani, who became Pope John Paul I.

He was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 1914 papal conclave, which selected Pope Benedict XV.

Mundelein served as papal legate to the eighth National Eucharistic Congress in New Orleans, Louisiana, on September 13, 1938, and was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 1939 papal conclave, which selected Pope Pius XII.

There is a wry saying among Vaticanologists: " He who enters the conclave as Pope, leaves it as a cardinal.