Optics is the branch of physics which involves the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it.

It involves two major research tasks, namely: ( i ) the construction of instruments and procedures for measurement ; and ( ii ) the development and refinement of theoretical approaches to measurement.

The construction method is known as Flemish bond and involves laying the bricks with long and short sides alternating.

The study of harmony involves chords and their construction and chord progressions and the principles of connection that govern them.

The construction of a threaded plug valve involves a plug with a threaded cap which are made so that they fit with the threading on a corresponding piece of female glass.

Although some of his research involves questions traditionally pursued by linguists, such as the conditions under which a certain linguistic construction is grammatically viable, he is most famous for his ideas about the centrality of metaphor to human thinking, political behavior and society.

Transportation engineering, as practiced by civil engineers, primarily involves planning, design, construction, maintenance, and operation of transportation facilities.

Split-shaft construction involves splitting the arrow shaft lengthwise, inserting the arrowhead, and securing it using a ferrule, sinew, or wire.

Brick sidewalk construction usually involves the usage of a mechanical vibrator to lock the bricks in place after they have been laid ( and / or to prepare the soil before laying ).

A famous story concerning the two involves the construction of the Château de Bagatelle.

The second method involves construction of a vehicle frame from scratch ; formed and welded using steel tubing.

This theory ( as noted ) lacks recognized documentation other than that which is folkloric in nature, involves the French navy, which ( during the Revolution ) had an uncertain level of authority, and would place the construction of the Oak Island structure very close to its initial discovery by Daniel McGinnis in 1795.

For trans women, genital reconstruction usually involves the surgical construction of a vagina, whereas in the case of trans men, genital reconstruction may involve construction of a penis through either phalloplasty or metoidioplasty.

For example, neusis construction, also known to ancient Greeks, involves simultaneous sliding and rotation of a marked straightedge, which can not be achieved with the original tools.

This method is considered to be breaking the rules for compass and straightedge construction as it involves an infinite number of steps.

It involves the construction of a ray transfer matrix which describes the optical system ; tracing of a light path through the system can then be performed by multiplying this matrix with a vector representing the light ray.

To the north, it involves the construction of the Gateway Motorway deviation, an entirely new six-lane motorway between the Gateway Bridge and Nudgee Road.

Highway engineering is an engineering discipline branching from civil engineering which involves the design, construction and maintenance of highway systems.

Skanska has also won the Alaskan Way Viaduct project in Washington: the project worth SEK840 million ($ 115 million ) involves the construction of a new 1. 3 kilometer viaduct on the southern section of the Alaskan Way on the State Route 99 bypass in downtown Seattle and will be completed in 2013.

Roughly 50 % of French notarial business involves real estate conveyancing, leasing, and construction.

One especially mentioned case involves the 17th and last ruler of the dynasty, Jie of Xia, who has been often been the one credited ( or blamed ) for the demise of the Xia to the succeeding Shang dynasty: at the behest of his mistress, Jie was said to have ordered the construction of a pool of wine ( alcoholic beverage ), which when eventually completed and filled was large enough to navigate with some sort of boat.

The Transport and Works Order was obtained by Leicestershire County Council, as some of the original route has been infilled and built over, and restoration therefore involves construction on a new route through the centre of Measham.

In the modern industrialized world, construction usually involves the translation of designs into reality.

Thanks to its many entrepreneurs and engineers, and its large stock of easily mined coal, Scotland became a world centre for engineering, shipbuilding, and locomotive construction, with steel replacing iron after 1870.

He set up a new education at the department of architecture of the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago replacing the traditional Ecole des Beaux-Art curriculum by a three-step-education beginning with crafts of drawing and construction leading to planning skills and finishing with theory of architecture ( compare Vitruvius: firmitas, utilitas, venustas ).

Increased car traffic resulted in the construction of the interstate-model highway Route 17 through Binghamton and Johnson City in the early 1970s, replacing the Binghamton railroad station as the transportation hub of the region.

According to one scholar, this " was not only a dramatic change in the function of art, it was the context in which our present concept of art, what the literary critic M. H. Abrams called " art as such ", first began to take shape ", replacing a " construction model " where art theory concerned itself with how the maker created his work, with a " contemplation model " concerned with the effect of the finished work on a " lone perceiver " or viewer.

In 2007, construction began to improve the route in Palisades Park by replacing bridges and widening the road, with work expected to be completed in later 2009.

Sunny Isles Beach began major redevelopment during the real estate boom of the early 2000s with mostly luxury high-rise condominiums and some hotels under construction along the beach side of Collins Avenue ( A1A ) replacing most of the historic one-and two-story motels along Motel Row.

In 1938, the United States government offered financial aid to the city of Shrewsbury, and land was acquired for the construction of a new city hall replacing the 1912 original.

The church building consists of the Tudor tower, built in 1510, a Nave ( an 1840 construction, replacing a Norman building from 1199 and said to be unsafe ) and a Sanctuary and Vestry, added in 1914.

The main construction work took place 1997, and the stadium was inaugurated on 18 April 1998 in a league game against Lillestrøm, replacing Molde idrettspark as Molde's home ground.

As a result of this construction, US 130 was moved back to its original alignment in Carneys Point, replacing that portion of Route 44.

Modern construction methods do not allow the permafrost to melt, either by building a gravel berm on top or replacing the vegetation and soil immediately with gravel.

These parties ( with the Russian Federation replacing the Soviet Union and with the USA opting out of the project in 1999 and returning in 2003 ) were joined in negotiations on the future construction, operation and decommissioning of ITER by Canada ( who then terminated their participation at the end of 2003 ), the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Korea.

The construction of the integral cycle space can be carried out for any field, abelian group, or ( most generally ) commutative ring ( with unity ) R replacing the integers.

This was necessary to permit construction of the first cross harbour road tunnel, replacing the previously reliance on ferries to cross the harbour from Kowloon to Hong Kong Island, and to overcome the constraints imposed on rail traffic growth by the first terminus at Tsim Sha Tsui.

* Church Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe, built in the late 19th century under the auspices of father Villamil replacing an hermitage of 18th century, is of simple construction, in keeping with the sobriety of the Franciscans.

Portable mills are particularly effective for truing up logs for use in log construction, replacing the traditional use of a drawknife, which is inordinately time-consuming.

Its construction began in 1955 and entered in service at the end of 1959, replacing the interim terminal and joining other portions of the then brand new airport.

His Pennsylvania Railroad was in his day the largest railroad in the world, with 6, 000 miles of track, and was famous for steady financial dividends, high quality construction, constantly improving equipment, technological advances ( such as replacing wood with coal ), and innovation in management techniques for a large complex organization.

While similar developments also happened in capitalist countries, private enterprise also made construction in the inner cities possible, both by replacing older buildings with new structures and by renovating the existing ones.

The time of perspective of the English future can be shifted from the present to the past by replacing will with its past tense form would, thus effectively creating a " future of the past " construction in which the indicated event or situation occurs after the past time of perspective: In 1982, I knew that I would graduate in 1986.

What was originally known during construction as Crossroads Arena opened September 21, 1996, replacing the Buffalo Memorial Auditorium.

After the company's success at the LeMans 24 hr through the 1950s, Jaguar's defunct racing department was given the brief to use D-Type style construction to build a road-going sports car, replacing the XK150.

This plan was further elaborated upon in Daniel Burnham's 1909 Plan of Chicago, and in 1911 a plan was selected that included the widening of Michigan Avenue from Randolph Street to the river, replacing the Rush Street bridge with a new bridge at Michigan Avenue and the construction of a double-decked boulevard along Pine Street as far as Ohio Street.

In Fall 1939 construction began on the building we know as Hartwell Hall, replacing the old Normal School building.