The earliest known official or large-scale celebration of Pi Day was organized by Larry Shaw in 1988 at the San Francisco Exploratorium, where Shaw worked as a physicist, with staff and public marching around one of its circular spaces, then consuming fruit pies.

In addition a pure public good exhibits a second property called non-excludability: that is, it is impossible to exclude any individuals from consuming the good.

In his preface to the 1817 publication, Jefferson wrote, " By diffusing sound principles of Political Economy, it will protect the public industry from the parasite institutions now consuming it.

According to the economic theory behind congestion pricing, the objective of this policy is the use of the price mechanism to make users more aware of the costs that they impose upon one another when consuming during the peak demand, and that they should pay for the additional congestion they create, thus encouraging the redistribution of the demand in space or in time, or shifting it to the consumption of a substitute public good ; for example, switching from private transport to public transport.

The Institute of Food Technologists defines it as " the discipline in which the engineering, biological, and physical sciences are used to study the nature of foods, the causes of deterioration, the principles underlying food processing, and the improvement of foods for the consuming public.

A second public policy rationale is allowing fundamentally good business to be spared the costly management time consuming trials and tribulations of bankruptcy protection for suppliers, employees and customers or to provide a source of funds during the process of restructuring the firm so that it can survive and grow.

Supervised injection sites ( SIS ) ( also known as supervised injection facilities, safe injection site safer injection facility ( SIF ), drug consumption facility ( DCF ) or medically supervised injection center ( MSIC )) are legally sanctioned and medically supervised facilities designed to reduce nuisance from public drug use and provide a hygienic and stress-free environment for illicit drug users when consuming drugs, mostly injecting drug use.

However, with famous marks, any use by another person of the mark has the potential for confusion, since a famous mark is so well known among the consuming public that people will assume affiliation with the owner of the mark regardless of the product or service being sold under the infringing use.

These may include entering into a binding contract, buying stocks, voting, buying and / or consuming alcoholic beverages, driving motor vehicles on public roads, and marrying without obtaining consent of others.

A trademark is famous if the owner can prove that the mark “ is widely recognized by the general consuming public of the United States as a designation of source of the goods or services of the mark's owner .”

By 2008, it was estimated that 72 per cent of households in developing countries were consuming iodized salt and the number of countries in which iodine deficiency disorders were a public health concern reduced by more than half from 110 to 47 countries.

So, for example, a child who is forced to consume Ritalin as a prerequisite for attending public school, does not enjoy cognitive liberty, nor does an individual who is forced to take anti-psychotics in order to be fit to stand trial, nor an individual who faces criminal charges and punishment for changing the state of their consciousness by consuming a mind-altering drug, although other explanations for criminalization of some drugs do not fit this argument.

Binary economics proposes that central bank-issued interest-free loans should be administered by the banking system for the development and spreading of productive ( and the associated consuming ) capacity, particularly new capacity, as well as for environmental and public capital.

In the public interest, the Attorney General may intervene in proceedings before any courts, regulatory officers, agencies or bodies — either state or federal — on behalf of the consuming public of the state.

where is the marginal benefit to each person of consuming one more unit of the public good, and MC is the marginal cost of providing that good.

However, many bodybuilders report consuming hundreds of grams of protein per day to achieve maximal strength gains, so this nutrition requirement may only apply to the general public.

The vast majority of U. S. states and localities prohibit possessing and / or consuming an open container of alcohol in public places, such as on the street.

It has been reported that some effects can be had from consuming the caapi vine alone, but that DMT-containing plants ( such as Psychotria ) remain inactive when drunk as a brew without a source of monoamine oxidase inhibitor ( MAOI ) such as B. caapi.

This method is time consuming and requires trained staff, but it has high interobserver reliability.

The expression " cannibalism " has been extended into zoology to mean one individual of a species consuming all or part of another individual of the same species as food, including sexual cannibalism.

It also has a capacity to convert substantial portion of the intake into Refuse-derived fuel ( RDF ) materials for further combustion use in several energy consuming industries across Pakistan e. g., in cement manufacturing companies where it is used to heat up the Cement Kiln systems.

The bulk of current production is from China, whose government has recently imposed strategic materials controls on the element, raising some concerns in consuming countries.

The knowledge that consuming foods containing vitamin C is a cure for scurvy has been repeatedly rediscovered and reforgotten into the early 20th century.

The articulate, sentient pet he inherited has gradually grown from the size of a collie pup to a ridable behemoth — especially after consuming a used car.

This may be because the disease has been present for so long that the intestines are no longer able to heal on diet alone, or because the patient is not adhering to the diet, or because the patient is consuming foods that are inadvertently contaminated with gluten.

The original Niva has a maximum speed of around 130 km / h ( 80 mph ), and can cruise at 90 km / h ( 56 mph ) while consuming petrol at.

The effects of the Coleus plant have not been explored very much by modern scientists but the plant has been known to have been used by the Mazatec Indians of southern Mexico who have a history of consuming this plant for its mind-altering effects.

The starch has to be prepared as a passes which is time consuming.

In the game, Planet Fusion, ruled by the main villain Lord Fuse, has been travelling through space for 1000 years, consuming every inhabitable planet it encounters and finally reached its next target, Earth.

Nathaniel has little to eat or drink, begins consuming salt water and suffers extreme sunburn after confusing cooking oil as lotion.

The area of grazing land required to support nearly 3, 000 dragons each consuming three to four cattle ( or herdbeast ) a week has been compared to the whole Mississippi basin with a sustainable herd.

It has even learnt to safely eat the poisonous cane toad by flipping it over and consuming the underparts.

Cod liver oil and fish oil are similar, but cod liver oil has higher levels of vitamins A and D. People consuming cod liver oil as a source of omega-3 fatty acids should pay attention to how much vitamin A and vitamin D this adds to their diet.

Because the Ultimate BOD is so time consuming, the 5-day BOD has been almost universally adopted as a measure of relative pollution effect.

The species has been implicated in the spread of weeds by consuming and dispersing fruit and seed.

Indian paintbrush has similar health benefits to consuming garlic if only the flowers are eaten in small amounts and in moderation.

It has now become synonymous with the Holi festival, to the point where consuming bhang at that time is a standard practice.

However this has not stopped people from consuming images ; there is still a demand for more photographs.

The version served by Russians has sour cream added, but this is usually prohibited due to kashruts restrictions on not consuming meat and milk products in same meal.

In the case where a man goes into a restaurant and orders a meal, and, after consuming it, says that he has no means of paying for it, it was usual to convict for obtaining food by false pretences.

Once a configuration file for the simulation of several molecules ( possibly including solvent ) has been created, the actual simulation run ( which can be time consuming ) produces a trajectory file, describing the movements of the atoms over time.