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The contrastive presence of rounded vowels beyond the first syllable, atypical of Uralic languages in general, is also present in both Finnic and Samic ( and again also Samoyedic ).
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contrastive and vowels
Rotokas has a vowel-length distinction ( that is, all vowels have a short and long counterpart ) but otherwise lacks distinctive suprasegmental features such as contrastive tone or stress.
Also, Yucatec has contrastive laryngealization ( creaky voice ) on long vowels, sometimes realized by means of a full intervocalic glottal stop and written as a long vowel with an apostrophe in the middle, as in the plural suffix-o ' ob.
Most languages have differences in length of vowels or consonants, but in the case of most languages it would not be treated phonemically or phonologically as distinctive or contrastive.
This means that relatively long vowels in an unstressed position are replaced by shorter vowels of a similar quality. ⁶: So, as a general rule, low and mid-vowels are contrastive under stress in SLPC, but neutralized and given the features of a mid-vowel when not stressed.
The vowel system is not yet fully understood, complicated by differences between the Agole and Toende dialects and the system of diphthongs in Agole, which according to the most-favoured analysis, enables Agole with seven contrastive vowel segments to cover the contrasts represented in Toende with nine pure vowels.
Dinka has a rich vowel system, with at least thirteen phonemically contrastive vowels.
contrastive and syllable
In poetry, accent refers to the stressed syllable of a polysyllabic word, or a monosyllabic word that receives stress because it belongs to an " open class " of words ( noun, verb, adjective, adverb ) or because of " contrastive " or " rhetorical " stress.
contrastive and languages
Some languages, such as Cone Tibetan, have up to four contrastive aspirated fricatives, and
A number of languages use breathy voicing in a phonologically contrastive way.
The Nguni languages in the southern Bantu languages family, including Phuthi, Xhosa, Zulu, Ndebele and Swati, also have contrastive breathy voice.
In some languages, the term chroneme may be used for contrastive length or duration of phonemes.
Although it is a continuum, there are several contrastive areas such that languages may distinguish consonants by articulating them in different areas, but few languages will contrast two sounds within the same area unless there is some other feature which contrasts as well.
A few languages, including Arrernte and Mba, have contrastive labialized forms for almost all of their consonants.
Other analysis of the same Barbeau data suggests vowel length is contrastive in Wyandot, as in other Iroquoian languages.
Within the theory of contrastive analysis ( the systematic study of a pair of languages with a view to identifying their structural differences and similarities ), the greater the differences between the two languages, the more negative transfer can be expected.
Many Ryukyuan languages have contrastive pitch accent.
In phonology, tenseness is a particular vowel quality that is phonemically contrastive in many languages, including English.
Even in those languages which do have phonologically contrastive length, a chroneme is only posited in particular languages.
Most of the Palaungic languages lost the contrastive voicing of the ancestral Austro-Asiatic consonants, with the distinction often shifting to the following vowel.
contrastive and is
For example, in Eastern Armenian, aspiration is contrastive even word-finally so that տաք (' hot ') contrasts with տակ (' under ').
Proto-Niger – Congo is thought to have been a tone language with two contrastive levels.
The nasals are therefore not contrastive in these environments, and according to some theorists this makes it inappropriate to assign the nasal phones heard here to any one of the phonemes ( even though, in this case, the phonetic evidence is unambiguous ).
These instances are contrastive, so red wine is so called only in comparison with the other kind of wine ( which also is not white for the same reasons ).
" In spoken Hawaiian, vowel length is contrastive, and these are major differences in pronunciation.
The county is rather contrastive in the political field.
If one is in doubt, it is best to use brackets, for by setting off a transcription with slashes one makes a theoretical claim that every symbol within is phonemically contrastive for the language being transcribed.
It is phonemically contrastive in Northwest Caucasian ( e. g. Adyghe ), Athabaskan, and Salishan language families, among others.
The difference in length is contrastive, for example, hara ' lake ', haaraa ' new '.
While can also be legitimately used in the contrastive sense, comparable to the words " although " or " whereas ", provided that it is not ambiguous ( although some commentators, such as Eric Partridge, have frowned upon such use ):
However, this contrastive, critical approach to objective knowledge is quite different from more traditional views that also hold knowledge to be objective.
Vowel length for the language as a whole is non-contrastive, though in some subdialects / dialects it appears to be contrastive.
This may be considered appropriate when the place of articulation needs to be specified and the distinction between stop and affricate is not contrastive.
The only language where such sounds are known to be contrastive in normal vocabulary is the ritual language Damin ; however, that language appears to have been intentionally designed to be different from normal speech.
An IPA chart of all contrastive sounds in Saurashtra is provided below.
Nobiin is a tonal language with contrastive vowel and consonant length.
Vowel length is contrastive, i. e. the words ' bór ' to miss and ' bóór ' to say are distinguished by vowel length only.
contrastive and ).
Language teaching practice often assumes that most of the difficulties that learners face in the study of English are a consequence of the degree to which their native language differs from English ( a contrastive analysis approach ).
The Czech language has two contrastive alveolar trills, one a fricative trill ( written ř in the orthography ).
In the phonology, written Hurrian only seems to distinguish a single series of phonemic obstruents without any contrastive phonation distinctions ( the variation in voicing, though visible in the script, was allophonic ); in contrast, written Urartian distinguishes as many as three series: voiced, voiceless and " emphatic " ( perhaps glottalized ).
The Maasai variety of ɔl-Maa as spoken in southern Kenya and Tanzania has 30 contrastive sounds, which can be represented and alphabetized as followsː a, b, ch ( a variant of sh ), d, e, ɛ, g, h, i, ɨ, j, k, l, m, n, ny, ŋ, o, ɔ, p, r, rr, s, sh ( with variant ch ), t, u, ʉ, w, wu ( or ww ), y, yi ( or yy ), and the glottal stop ' ( ʔ ).
presence and rounded
The frequent presence of rounded corroded quartz crystals, such as occur in rhyolitic lavas, helps to demonstrate their real nature.
* Kettle drums and vessel drums are characterized by the presence of rounded bottoms.
Observations of tendons that have undergone spontaneous rupture have shown the presence of collagen fibrils that are not in the correct parallel orientation or are not uniform in length or diameter, along with rounded tenocytes, other cell abnormalities, and the ingrowth of blood vessels.
Another indication of the early divergence of this species from the " white " cockatoo lineage is the presence of features found otherwise only in corellas, such as the plaintive yodeling cry, as well as others which are unique to Major Mitchell's and the true white cockatoos, for example the large crest and rounded wing shape.
The presence of and absence of, along with the presence of otherwise unknown front rounded vowels, is a very distinctive areal feature of European languages and those of adjacent areas of Siberia and Central Asia.
The spotted hyena is the largest member of the Hyaenidae, and is further physically distinguished from other species by its vaguely bear-like build, its rounded ears, its less prominent mane, its spotted pelt, its more dual purposed dentition, its fewer nipples and the presence of a pseudo-penis in the female.
The Computer Modern source files are governed by 62 distinct parameters, controlling the widths and heights of various elements, the presence of serifs or old-style numerals, whether dots such as the dot on the " i " are square or rounded, and the degree of " superness " in the bowls of lowercase letters such as " g " and " o ".
In these situations tachylite is rarely vesicular, but it often shows very pronounced fluxion banding accentuated by the presence of rows of spherulites that are visible as dark brown rounded spots.
There was no sign of the presence of Indians in the hills on that side ( the right ) of the Little Horn, and the column moved steadily on until it rounded the hill and came in sight of the village lying in the valley below them.
2.042 seconds.