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convergence and evidence
In science and history, consilience ( also convergence of evidence or concordance of evidence ) refers to the principle that evidence from independent, unrelated sources can " converge " to strong conclusions.
Most established scientific knowledge is supported by a convergence of evidence: if not, the evidence is comparatively weak, and there will not likely be a strong scientific consensus.
For example, the theory of evolution is supported by a convergence of evidence from genetics, molecular biology, paleontology, geology, biogeography, comparative anatomy, comparative physiology, and many others.
In fact, the evidence within each of these fields is itself a convergence providing evidence for the theory.
However, when the convergence is strong enough, then new evidence inconsistent with the previous conclusion is not usually enough to outweigh that convergence.
Without an equally strong convergence on the new result, the weight of evidence will still favor the established result.
According to Harris, a meta-analysis of multiple types of studies should indicate a convergence of evidence and multiple operationalizations.
Recent evidence supports the idea that the temporal pole bilaterally is the convergence zone for unimodal semantic represenations into a multimodal representation.
The first evidence of a convergence ant colony algorithm was made in 2000, the graph-based ant system algorithm, and then algorithms for ACS and MMAS.
* 2000, Gutjahr provides the first evidence of convergence for an algorithm of ant colonies
In summary, active assortarity plays a large role, whereas convergence has little evidence on showing such effect.
Empirical evidence has shown that convergence failure is extremely rare, making this a good candidate for a general purpose polynomial root finding algorithm.
The Penn effect denies this convergence ; it is clear evidence that the general price level is much higher where ( dollar ) incomes are high, with no tendency to match the cheaper prices in poorer countries.
Thus Blau and Kahn assume: " With the evidence suggesting that convergence has slowed in recent years, the possibility arises that the narrowing of the gender pay gap will not continue into the future.
The evidence is stronger for convergence within countries.
Based on assessments of claims and studies of published data, ophthalmologists claim that, except for near point of convergence exercises, vision therapy lacks documented evidence of effectiveness.
Other than for strabismus ( such as intermittent exotropia ) and convergence insufficiency, the consensus among ophthalmologists, orthoptists and pediatricians is that non-strabismic visual therapy lacks documented evidence of effectiveness.
According to archaeological evidence, this site was the centre of convergence for trade and spiritual and cultural exchange.

convergence and type
In the mathematical field of analysis, uniform convergence is a type of convergence stronger than pointwise convergence.
In optics, chromatic aberration ( CA, also called achromatism or chromatic distortion ) is a type of distortion in which there is a failure of a lens to focus all colors to the same convergence point.
A second type of accommodative esotropia also exists, known as ' convergence excess esotropia '.
This type of convergence is popular.
This type of convergence is particularly helpful for media companies, broadcasters, enterprises, call centres and help desks who need to develop a consistent contact strategy with the consumer.
According to Case, the type of convergence of weather events to which he was referring, while unusual, is not exceptionally rare or unique, despite the way the phrase is commonly used.
This is an example of one type of telecommunication convergence.
Located within the Tamworth Regional Council office in the main street of Manilla, the library is a new type of facility which is known globally as a convergence centre.
Are there conditions on ƒ ensuring this or that type of convergence?
* Uniform convergence of an infinite sequence of functions is a type of convergence stronger than pointwise convergence
In a more general definition of weakly simple polygons, they are the limits of sequences of simple polygons of the same combinatorial type, with the convergence under the Hausdorff metric.
Language convergence is a type of Language contact-induced change whereby languages with many bilingual speakers mutually borrow morphological and syntactic features, making their typology more similar.
His works, published in Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, were " Density integration " ( 53, 1951 ); " On the measure of sum sets ( I ) The theorems of Brunn, Minkowski, and Lusternik, ( with A. M. McBeath )" ( 3, 1953 ); " Linear functions with domain a real countably infinite dimensional space " ( 5, 1955 ); " Linear and bilinear functions with domain contained in a real countably infinite dimensional space " ( 6, 1956 ); " The use of convergence factors in Ward integration " ( 10, 1960 ); " The equivalence of generalized forms of the Ward, variational, Denjoy-Stieltjes, and Perron-Stieltjes integrals " ( 10, 1960 ); " N-variation and N-variational integrals of set functions " ( 11, 1961 ); " Definitions of Riemann type of the variational integrals " ( 11, 1961 ); " Difference-sets and the Banach – Steinhaus theorem " ( 13, 1963 ); " Generalized integrals of vector-valued functions ( 19 1969 )
The theorem has a natural interpretation in the theory of finite Markov chains ( where it is the matrix-theoretic equivalent of the convergence of an irreducible finite Markov chain to its stationary distribution, formulated in terms of the transition matrix of the chain ; see, for example, the article on the subshift of finite type ).
In The Discipling Dilemma Yeakley reports that the members tested " showed a high level of change in psychological type scores ", with a " clear pattern of convergence in a single type ".
This dissimilarity is one of the reasons why this type of convergence is considered to be " weak.

convergence and used
In academic use, an arbitrage involves taking advantage of differences in price of a single asset or identical cash-flows ; in common use, it is also used to refer to differences between similar assets ( relative value or convergence trades ), as in merger arbitrage.
Uniform spaces are topological spaces with additional structure which is used to define uniform properties such as completeness, uniform continuity and uniform convergence.
For given test functions, the relevant notion of convergence only corresponds to the topology used in C.
It is usually used to describe connections between upper, middle or lower levels ( such as upper-level divergence causing lower level convergence in cyclone formation ), but can sometimes also be used to describe such connections over distance rather than height alone.
For instance, an infinite geometric sum is implicit in Zeno's paradox of the dichotomy .< ref name =" Stillwell Infinite Series Early Results "> Later, Greek mathematicians such as Eudoxus and Archimedes made more explicit, but informal, use of the concepts of limits and convergence when they used the method of exhaustion to compute the area and volume of regions and solids.
If neither convergence nor divergence is required in the prescription, " plano " is used to denote a refractive power of zero.
The U. S .- based Western Society for French History used his writings as a study of the convergence of fiction with history.
* Formal power series, a generalization of power series without requiring convergence, used in combinatorics
In calculus, often the growth rate of the coefficients of a power series can be used to deduce a radius of convergence for the power series.
The reverse can also hold ; often the radius of convergence for a generating function can be used to deduce the asymptotic growth of the underlying sequence.
Much of the controversy centred around the convergence of the power series expansion used and, in 1860, Adams duplicated his results without using a power series.
Kantorovich showed that functional analysis could be used in the analysis of iterative methods, obtaining the Kantorovich inequalities on the convergence rate of the gradient method and of Newton's method.
His analysis proposed the Kantorovich metric, which is used in probability theory, in the theory of the weak convergence of probability measures.
As Rheingold asserts, technological convergence holds immense potential for the " improvement of life and liberty in some ways and ( could ) degrade it in others " He believes the same technology has the potential to be " used as both a weapon of social control and a means of resistance "
Smart TV is used to describe the current trend of integration of the internet and Web 2. 0 features into modern television sets and set-top boxes, as well as the technological convergence between computers and these television sets or set-top boxes.
Early in the 21st century, home LAN convergence so rapidly integrated home routers, wireless access points, and DSL modems that users were hard put to identify the resulting box they used to connect their computers to their Internet service.
This process, called an Abel transformation, can be used to prove several criteria of convergence for.
Fatou's lemma can be used to prove the Fatou – Lebesgue theorem and Lebesgue's dominated convergence theorem.
Methods commonly used in CFD are the SIMPLE and Uzawa algorithms which exhibit mesh-dependent convergence rates, but recent advances based on block LU factorization combined with multigrid for the resulting definite systems have led to preconditioners that deliver mesh-independent convergence rates.
It is widely used in probability theory, since it gives a sufficient condition for the convergence of expected values of random variables.
* Mobile to mobile convergence, is a technology used to handle wireless traffic in telephony and computer networks
In mathematics, the integral test for convergence is a method used to test infinite series of non-negative terms for convergence.

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