Louis A. Landa presents Swift ’ s A Modest Proposal as a critique of the popular and unjustified maxim of mercantilism in the 18th century that " people are the riches of a nation ".

Of the Principle of the Commercial or Mercantile System: The book has sometimes been described as a critique of mercantilism and a synthesis of the emerging economic thinking of Smith's time.

This critique of mercantilism was later used by David Ricardo when he laid out his Theory of Comparative Advantage.

It is a humorous political critique, aimed squarely at the then ruling party Partido Revolucionario Institucional ( PRI ) and its paramilitary caciques, at a time when freedom of speech in politics was highly restricted.

Luther's complaints against the book carried past the point of scholarly critique and may reflect Luther's antisemitism, which is disputed, such as in the biography of Luther by Derek Wilson, which points out that Luther's anger at the Jews was not at their race but at their theology.

The real statement was a critique of the Israeli government and its treatment of the Palestinian people.

As a young man, he was influenced by the romantic movement and medievalism, and developed a devastating critique of industrialism.

Kant's notion of critique has been associated with the disestablishment of false, unprovable, or dogmatic philosophical, social, and political beliefs, because Kant's critique of reason involved the critique of dogmatic theological and metaphysical ideas and was intertwined with the enhancement of ethical autonomy and the Enlightenment critique of superstition and irrational authority.

As such, critical theory was left, in Jürgen Habermas ’ words, without " anything in reserve to which it might appeal ; and when the forces of production enter into a baneful symbiosis with the relations of production that they were supposed to blow wide open, there is no longer any dynamism upon which critique could base its hope.

Her critique primarily stems from her belief that Jean de Meun was purposely slandering women through the debated text.

In his critique of the theology of Clement of Alexandria, Photius in his Myriobiblon held that Clement ’ s views reflected a quasi-docetic view of the nature of Christ, writing that Clement " He hallucinates that the Word was not incarnate but only seems to be.

Stidham, who was later elected to a municipal judgeship, has written a detailed critique of what he asserts are major police errors and misconceptions during their investigation.

Mayr was an outspoken defender of the scientific method, and one known to sharply critique science on the edge.

Sullivan was in the habit of calling Sylvia after every program to get her immediate critique.

" Their critique of him was based principally on his not being strong enough in his criticism of Luther, not seeing the dangers of a vernacular Bible and dabbling in dangerous scriptural criticism that weakened the Church's arguments against Arianism and other doctrines.

Orwell's first published article in his home country, A Farthing Newspaper, was a critique of the new French daily the Ami de Peuple.

Handel was only partly successful with his performances of English Oratorio on mythical and biblical themes, but when he arranged a performance of Messiah to benefit the Foundling Hospital ( 1750 ) the critique ended.

* Gillian Rose ( born 1962 ), most famous for her critique: Feminism & Geography: The Limits of Geographical Knowledge ( 1993 ), which was one of the first moves towards a development of feminist geography.

" Benjamin's friend and colleague Gershom Scholem would argue that Benjamin's critique of historical materialism was so definitive that, as Mark Lilla would write, " nothing remains of historical materialism [...] but the term itself.

The documentation includes the initial request for change, its approval, the priority assigned to it, the implementation, testing and back out plans, the results of the change review board critique, the date / time the change was implemented, who implemented it, and whether the change was implemented successfully, failed or postponed.

Roberts intended his comments as typical of scientific experimentation, rather than artistic critique ; still, Pei was frustrated.

" Dembski's critique of this position is that phylogenetically, the TTSS makes an unlikely precursor to the flagellum given that TTSS is found in a narrow range of bacteria which makes it seem to be a late innovation, whereas flagella are widespread throughout many bacterial groups, which implies it was an early innovation.

Hegel called his philosophy " absolute " idealism in contrast to the " subjective idealism " of Berkeley and the " transcendental idealism " of Kant and Fichte, which were not based on a critique of the finite and a dialectical philosophy of history as Hegel's idealism was.

Reviews varied at the time and since but whatever the critique, the play represents Cocteau's state of mind and feelings towards his actors at the time: on the one hand, he wanted to spoil and please them ; on the other, he was fed up by their diva antics and was ready for revenge.

" Upham's book runs to almost 1, 000 pages and a quick search of the name Mather ( referring to either father, son, or ancestors ) shows that it occurs only 96 times ; Poole's critique, in book form, runs less than 70 pages but the name " Mather " occurs many times that.

The American philosopher Arthur Oncken Lovejoy in his * The Revolt Against Dualism ( 1960 ) develops a critique of the modern new realism, reproposing a form of dualism based on a " fork of human experience.

At the same time, however, and owing to both the presence of another prominent sociologist at the Institute, Karl Mannheim, as well as the methodological problem posed by treating objects-like " musical material "-as ciphers of social contradictions, Adorno was compelled to abandon any notion of " value-free " sociology in favor of a form of ideology critique which held on to an idea of truth.

However, while the critique from the right emphasized moral degeneracy ascribed to sexual and racial influences within popular culture, Adorno located the problem not with the content, but with the objective realities of the production of mass culture and its effects, e. g. as a form of reverse psychology.

Indeed, Adorno sought to ground the critical bite of his sociological work in his critique of identity, which he took to be a reification in thought of the commodity form or exchange relation which always presumes a false identity between different things.

Derrida's critique came in the form of a lecture he gave on " The Cogito and the History of Madness " at the University of Paris on 4 March 1963, accusing Foucault of advocating metaphysics.

Continuation Bond author Raymond Benson described Boucher's critique as " true to form " and " a tirade " as Boucher concluded his review by saying: " it is 80, 000 words long, with enough plot for 8, 000 and enough originality for 800.

: The other promise of anthropology, one less fully distinguished and attended to than the first, has been to serve as a form of cultural critique for ourselves.

The work not only is predicated on the form but invariably becomes a critique of its form.

" The 1928 volume was set in the afterworld, " outside Heaven " and dramatised in fantastic form the cultural critique Lewis had developed in his polemical works of the period.

Michel Foucault rejected the label of postmodernism explicitly in interviews yet is seen by many, such as Benhabib, as advocating a form of critique that is " postmodern " in that it breaks with utopian and transcendental " modern " critiques by calling universal norms of the Enlightenment into question.

Social constructionism ( SC ), on the other hand, mainly developed as a form of a critique, aimed to transform the oppressing effects of the social meaning-making processes.

The concepts of monetary calculation, financial speculation, and entrepreneurship form the basis for the von Mises critique of socialism.

This aspect has been cited as a critique of war in conceptual form or an allegory of class struggle.

Leach's ( 1966 ) critique came in the form of the classical Malinowskian argument, pointing out that " in Evans-Pritchard's studies of the Nuer and also in Fortes's studies of the Tallensi unilineal descent turns out to be largely an ideal concept to which the empirical facts are only adapted by means of fictions.

However, this critique of metaphysics, carried on by the first Wittgenstein, in his 1921 Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, for example, has been in return criticized by philosophers, such as Heidegger in his 1927 Being and Time, as a form of positivism or, worse, scientism, which is accused of having decided to abandon the most important questions about humanity and the Being, under the pretext that no definitive answer can be brought to them.

This, in turn, helped inspire the cultural studies form of social critique, which treats cultural products and their reception as evidence of wider social ills such as racism or gender bias.

Having provided throughout his career an idealistic way of grasping the Will, in contrast to Schopenhauer ’ s pessimistic treatment, it remained for Royce to rescue Pauline Christianity, in its universalized and modernized form, from the critique of Nietzsche and others who tended to understand will in terms of power and who had rightly observed that the historic doctrine was no longer believable to the modern mind.

Critics who have alleged that Marx has been proved internally inconsistent include former and current Marxian and / or Sraffian economists, such as Paul Sweezy, Nobuo Okishio, Ian Steedman, John Roemer, Gary Mongiovi, and David Laibman, who propose that the field be grounded in their correct versions of Marxian economics instead of in Marx's critique of political economy in the original form in which he presented and developed it in Capital.

Rerum Novarum ( On the New Things ), for example, an encyclical written in 1891 by Pope Leo XIII made a critique on social ills and then discussed and promoted “ the Catholic doctrine on work, the right to property, the principle of collaboration instead of class struggle as the fundamental means for social change, the rights of the weak, the dignity of the poor and the obligations of the rich, the perfecting of justice through charity, on the right to form professional associations ” ( pa. 144 ).

MacIntyre argues that despite their incommensurability there are various ways in which alien traditions might engage one another rationally — most especially via a form of immanent critique which makes use of empathetic imagination to then put the rival tradition into " epistemic crisis " but also by being able to solve shared or analogous problems and dilemmas from within one's own tradition which remain insoluble from the rival approach.

In this way, Gaiman presents, in fictional form, a critique of Lewis ' treatment of Susan.

Miss Lonelyhearts is similar to a détournement because it uses a form to critique the same form.