It is an accepted juridical principle in California that a Superior Court decision does not constitute a binding legal precedent.

The principle of optimality thus brings a vital organization into the search for the optimal policy of a multistage decision process.

Such a decision should have placed a powerful weapon in the hands of the entire housing industry, but there is little evidence that realtors, or at least their associations, have repudiated the principle in such clauses.

If a similar dispute has been resolved in the past, the court is bound to follow the reasoning used in the prior decision ( this principle is known as stare decisis ).

The Wannsee Conference, the Fate of German Jews, and Hitler's decision in principle to exterminate all European Jews, The Journal of Modern History.

The essence of this principle is that raising the time or risk involved, the attacker is denied the information required to make a solid risk-reward decision about whether to attack in the first place.

The principle does not state how the decision is to be made, or what the outcome should be, whether it be independence, federation, protection, some form of autonomy or even full assimilation.

This decision set the precedent, the Congress of the Articles of Confederation adopted the practice, and the principle of state equality continued in the composition of the United States Senate.

The Congress may not, however, amend the Court's original jurisdiction, as was found in Marbury v. Madison, ( the same decision which established the principle of judicial review ).

In decision making, the precautionary principle is considered when possibly dangerous, irreversible, or catastrophic events are identified, but scientific evaluation of the potential damage is not sufficiently certain ( Toth et al., 2001, pp. 655 – 656 ).

His support from Arab leaders tended to increase whenever he was pressured by Israel ; for example, when Israel declared in 2003 it had made the decision, in principle, to remove him from the Israeli-controlled West Bank.

That decision established the principle that customers could connect any lawful device to the telephone network, even to offer a competing service.

There may be cases where the match probability in relation to all the samples tested is so great that the judge would consider its probative value to be minimal and decide to exclude the evidence in the exercise of his discretion, but this gives rise to no new question of principle and can be left for decision on a case by case basis.

The experience of two dictatorships in the country and, after the end of such regimes, emerging calls for the legal responsibility of the “ aidees of the aidees " ( Helfershelfer ) of such regimes also furnished calls for the principle of personal responsibility of any expert for any decision made, this leading to a strengthening of the bottom-up approach, which requires maximum responsibility of the superiors.

This principle allows policy makers to make discretionary decisions in situations where there is the possibility of harm from taking a particular course or making a certain decision when extensive scientific knowledge on the matter is lacking.

* The success of the Intifada gave Arafat and his followers the confidence they needed to moderate their political programme: At the meeting of the Palestine National Council in Algiers in mid-November 1988, Arafat won a majority for the historic decision to recognise Israel's legitimacy ; to accept all the relevant UN resolutions going back to 29 November 1947 ; and to adopt the principle of a two-state solution.

Workers in a Participatory Economy would make decisions about what to do in the workplace according to the above decision making principle, where workers have say in proportion to how much they are affected by a decision.

Albert and Hahnel proposed the creation and organization of consumers ' and producers ' councils to implement the decision making principle.

Section 55 ( 1 ) of the Access to Justice Act 1999 says that, when an appeal is made to a County Court or the High Court and that court makes a decision, no further appeal is allowed to the Court of Appeal unless the Court considers that the case raises " an important point of principle or practice " or " there is some other compelling reason for the Court of Appeal to hear it ".

These rallies were an extension of Falwell ’ s decision to go against the traditional Baptist principle of separating religion and politics, a change of heart Falwell says he had when he perceived the decay of the nation ’ s morality.

* Harrisville is home to the legal offices of Pamela Burt, an attorney who in 2005 succeeded in getting the Michigan Supreme Court to throw out an appellate court's decision that had equated wayward beach walking to trespassing, while leaving intact the principle that owners of property abutting the Great Lakes own to the current water edge.

The principle was key in the decision of Marbury v. Madison, wherein it was necessary to establish that Marbury had a right to his commission in the first place in order for Chief Justice Marshall to make his more wide-ranging decision.

Following Stalin's decision to deport the entire Chechen population on February 23, 1944, Khasbulatov was moved, along with his mother, to the Kazakh SSR ; his father, mortally ill, remained behind in hospitalization and soon died.

* July 25 – The decision to deport the Acadians is made during meetings of the Nova Scotia Council meeting in Halifax.

The Lennons discuss their appeal against the US Immigration Department's decision to deport John.

Sybil Milton has speculated that Hitler was involved in the decision to deport all Romanies to Auschwitz, as Himmler gave the order six days after meeting with Hitler and Himmler had prepared for the meeting a report on the subject Fuehrer: Aufstellung wer sind Zigeuner.

Lange was responsible for the Latvian part of the decision by the Nazi regime to deport Jews from Germany, Austria, and Czechoslovakia to Riga.

One theory is that Greiser's request arose from the German Government decision of October 1941 to deport German Jews to the Lodz Ghetto ; Greiser wanted to create space for the incoming German Jews by killing off part of the existing Polish Jewish population.

On July 3 ( Old Style ), a decision was made by the city's Police Chief Batarevich and the Military Governor Gribsky to deport the city's entire ethnic Chinese community ( which, according to the official statistics, numbered 4, 008 in 1898 ), viewed as potential " fifth columnists ".

The Court ’ s 5 to 3 decision, delivered by Justice Horace Gray, ruled that the if the U. S. as a sovereign nation had the power to exclude any person or any race it wished, it also must be able to deport any person or race it wished, and thus upheld the Geary Act.

On November 8, 2007, the Supreme Court of Norway ruled that Krekar is a threat to Norway's national security, thus upholding the February 2003 decision by the government to deport him to Iraq.

The court had originally decided to deport him based on the government's case ; he is currently free pending an appeal of that decision.

In January 2003 the Supreme Court distinguished the earlier decision and ruled that it was constitutional for the Government to deport the parents of children who were Irish citizens.

Every decision made by German or opposing forces required time to gather information, make a decision, disseminate orders to subordinates, and then implement this decision through action.

The Memorandum demanded that the captain and crew of Baralong be tried for the murder of unarmed German sailors, threatening to " take serious decision as to retribution for the unpunished crime ".

A decisive factor in winning general popularity was the German army's decision to place Christmas trees in its barracks and military hospitals during the 1870-1871 war.

The Senatorial officers may have disapproved of Domitian's military strategies, such as his decision to fortify the German frontier rather than attack, as well as his recent retreat from Britain, and finally the disgraceful policy of appeasement towards Decebalus.

In mathematics and computer science, the (, German for ' decision problem ') is a challenge posed by David Hilbert in 1928.

The decision to move to America and become American citizens was primarily a result of the Manifesto of Race promulgated by the fascist regime of Benito Mussolini in order to bring Italian Fascism ideologically closer to German Nazism.

Representatives of White Finland in Berlin duly requested help on 14 February ; on 13 February the German Imperial Military Council had made the decision to send troops to Finland.

After 1918, following the defeat of Germany, the League of Nations divided the German colony of Togoland from north to south, a decision that divided the Ewe people among the Gold Coast, British Togoland, and French Togoland.

The German invasion of Belgium was not important because the British decision had already been made and the British were more concerned with the fate of France ( pp. 457 – 62 ).

Other examples of heads of state in parliamentary systems using greater powers than usual, either because of ambiguous constitutions or unprecedented national emergencies, include the decision by King Léopold III of the Belgians to surrender on behalf of his state to the invading German army in 1940, against the will of his government.

After modifying the spelling slightly, " Mötley Crüe " was eventually selected as the band's name, with the stylistic decision suggested by Neil to add the two sets of metal umlauts supposedly inspired by the German beer Löwenbräu, which the members were drinking at the time.

* The German economy needed more oil and controlling the Baku Oilfields would achieve this ; as Albert Speer, the German Minister for Armaments and War Production, later said in his interrogation, " the need for oil certainly was a prime motive " in the decision to invade.

At the time the decision was made, privatisation to a major German company was somewhat controversial.

After 1918, following the defeat of Germany, the League of Nations divided the German colony of Togoland from north to south, a decision that divided the Ewe people among the Gold Coast, British Togoland, and French Togoland.

* April 20 – NATO debates modernising short range missiles ; although the U. S. and U. K. are in favour, West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl obtains a concession deferring a decision.

Although the Soviet and East German forces threaten to invade West Berlin if the U. S. does not withdraw that decision, the U. S. does not acquiesce to Communist demands and occupies West Berlin ; two U. S. Army divisions attempt to fight their way into Berlin, but the Russian and East German forces defeat them in battle.

Matters of dispute by the participants and writers and historians since the war have included the wisdom of pursuing an offensive strategy in the wake of the failed Nivelle Offensive, rather than waiting for the arrrival of the American armies in France, the choice to attack in Flanders over areas further south or the Italian front, the climate and weather in Flanders, Haig's selection of General Hubert Gough and the Fifth Army to conduct the offensive, debates over the nature of the opening attack between advocates of shallow and deeper objectives, the passage of time between the Battle of Messines and the opening attack of the Battles of Ypres, the extent to which the internal troubles of the French armies motivated British persistence in the offensive, the effect of mud on operations and the decision to continue the offensive in October, once the weather had broken and the human cost of the campaign on the soldiers of the German and British armies.

the fact that it had been handed down in the name of some vague notion called the French ( or German, or Chinese ) people – all of it seemed to detract from the seriousness of the decision ".

A number of factors have been shown by Arvind and Stirton to have had a determinative role in the decision by the German states to receive the Code, including territorial concerns, Napoleonic control and influence, the strength of central state institutions, a feudal economy and society, rule by liberal ( enlightened despotism ) rulers, nativism ( local patriotism ) among the governing elites, and popular anti-French sentiment.