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decisions and Supreme
For lawyers, reflecting perhaps their parochial preferences, there has been a special fascination since then in the role played by the Supreme Court in that transformation -- the manner in which its decisions altered in `` the switch in time that saved nine '', President Roosevelt's ill-starred but in effect victorious `` Court-packing plan '', the imprimatur of judicial approval that was finally placed upon social legislation.
The names of retired Associate Justices continue to appear alongside the other active members on the Bound Volumes of Supreme Court decisions.
There is also a U. S. Supreme Court case that predates the dictionary, Jackson ex dem Bradford v. Huntington, that uses the phrase " black letter " in the same sense as black letter law: " It is seldom that a case in our time savors so much of the black letter, but the course of decisions in New York renders it unavailable.
On January 8, 1982, just before the case was to be heard by the U. S. Supreme Court, President Ronald Reagan authorized his Treasury and Justice Departments to ask that the BJU case be dropped and that the previous court decisions be vacated.
In the UK, since 2009, the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom has the authority to overrule and unify decisions of lower courts.
In the 1990s, the U. S. Supreme Court issued a number of decisions which strengthened the " federal policy favoring arbitration ".
As an associate justice of the Supreme Court from 1910 to 1916, Hughes remained an advocate of regulation and authored decisions that weakened the legal foundations of laissez-faire capitalism.
Litigants may appeal final decisions of the Court of Chancery to the Delaware Supreme Court.
Precedent is not binding, with the exception of Supreme Court and Supreme Administrative Court decisions.
Its powers, case load, and frequency of decisions are not as extensive as those of the U. S. Supreme Court.
The United States Supreme Court ( in Penry v. Lynaugh ) and the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ( in Bigby v. Dretke ) have been clear in their decisions that jury instructions in death penalty cases that do not ask about mitigating factors regarding the defendant's mental health violate the defendant's Eighth Amendment rights, saying that the jury is to be instructed to consider mitigating factors when answering unrelated questions.
Only Supreme Court decisions have any direct effect on later interpretation of the law.
In 1956, Hoover was becoming increasingly frustrated by Supreme Court decisions that limited the Justice Department's ability to prosecute people for their political opinions, most notably communists.
For example, in England, the High Court and the Court of Appeal are each bound by their own previous decisions, but the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is able deviate from its earlier decisions, although in practice it rarely does so.
While state courts must follow decisions of the United States Supreme Court on issues of federal law, federal courts must follow decisions of the courts of each state on issues of that state's law.
The British House of Lords, as the court of last appeal outside Scotland before the creation of the UK Supreme Court, was not strictly bound to always follow its own decisions until the case London Street Tramways v London County Council AC 375.
It oversaw the operations of the Committee and made all major policy decisions, which it then passed down through the Central Committee, the Supreme Soviet and the Party Congress.
The Military Court of Cassation ( Askeri Yargıtay ) and The Military High Court of Administration ( or the Supreme Military Administrative Court ) ( Askeri Yüksek İdare Mahkemesi ) are the highest bodies to which appeals of decisions of military courts are to be made.
When the Supreme Court revisited some of the territory covered by Luther v. Borden in cases like Baker v. Carr,, the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause was the basis of its changed decisions.
It had been long established in the decisions of the Supreme Court, beginning with Reynolds v. United States from 1879, when the Court reviewed the history of the early Republic in deciding the extent of the liberties of Mormons.
In 2008 and 2010, the Supreme Court issued two Second Amendment decisions.

decisions and Court
The growers have strenuously argued that I should have accepted the Superior Court decisions as conclusive and issued statewide instructions to our staff to ignore this provision in the Secretary's Regulation.
The Attorney General of California concurs in this interpretation and has filed an appeal from these decisions to the District Court of Appeal.
To have applied statewide the decisions of the two cases heard in Superior Court, in my opinion, would have placed us clearly out of compliance with the Wagner-Peyser Act and would have immediately opened the way for the Secretary of Labor, were he so inclined, to notify the Governor of such noncompliance, set a date for hearing, and issue his finding.
The mid-tier Federal Court of Appeal is a single court that sits and hears cases in multiple cities, and thus mid-tier decisions have precedential value throughout Canada ( that is, unlike the United States, Canada is not divided into appellate circuits ).
* took a strong line on the right of return for refugees to properties vacated in the 1974 displacement of Cypriots on both sides, which was based on both UN Resolutions and decisions of the European Court of Human Rights ;
In the next few years Warren led the Court in a series of liberal decisions that revolutionized the role of the Court.
* 1963 – The European Court of Justice's ruling in Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen establishes the principle of direct effect, one of the most important, if not the most important, decisions in the development of European Union law.
The autogolpe ( palace coup ) failed due to unified, strong protests by most elements of Guatemalan society, international pressure, and the army's enforcement of the decisions of the Court of Constitutionality, which ruled against the attempted takeover.

decisions and cases
( As we have seen, the Erie and York decisions require federal courts in diversity cases to follow state decisional rules.
In Anglo-American common law courts, appellate review of lower court decisions may also be obtained by filing a petition for review by prerogative writ in certain cases.
In most jurisdictions, the court system is divided into at least three levels: the trial court, which initially hears cases and reviews evidence and testimony to determine the facts of the case ; at least one intermediate appellate court ; and a supreme court ( or court of last resort ) which primarily reviews the decisions of the intermediate courts.
In cases where the parties disagree on what the law is, a common law court looks to past precedential decisions of relevant courts.
Later decisions, and decisions of higher courts or legislatures carry more weight than earlier cases and those of lower courts.
The king's judges would then return to London and often discuss their cases and the decisions they made with the other judges.
Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, India, Belize, and various Caribbean and African nations have adopted English common law through reception statutes although they do not inevitably continue to copy English Common Law ; later cases can often draw on decisions in other Common Law jurisdictions.
It was the first tool showing the AI ​​ defined by Edward Feigenbaum in his book about the Japanese Fifth Generation, Artificial Intelligence and Japan's Computer Challenge to the World ( 1983 ): " The machines will have reasoning power: they will automatically engineer vast amounts of knowledge to serve whatever purpose humans propose, from medical diagnosis to product design, from management decisions to education ", " The reasoning animal has, perhaps inevitably, fashioned the reasoning machine ", " the reasoning power of these machines matches or exceeds the reasoning power of the humans who instructed them and, in some cases, the reasoning power of any human performing such tasks ".
Administrative courts process cases where official decisions are contested.
Decisions made through other means of arbitration may be binding or non-binding depending on the nature of the arbitration agreement, whereas decisions resulting from contentious cases argued before the ICJ are always binding on the involved states.
In some cases these mechanisms have relatively little power, and are often ignored by member states ; in other cases these mechanisms have great political and legal authority, and their decisions are almost always implemented.
Within other international contexts, there are intergovernmental organizations such as the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) that have socially and economically significant dispute resolution functions but, again, even though their jurisdiction may be invoked to hear the cases, the power to enforce their decisions is at the will of the states affected, save that the WTO is permitted to allow retaliatory action by successful states against those states found to be in breach of international trade law.
Unanimity was required for the decisions of both the Assembly and the Council, except in matters of procedure and some other specific cases, such as the admission of new members.
One scholar counted thirty-one cases during this period in which courts found statutes unconstitutional, concluding: " The sheer number of these decisions not only belies the notion that the institution of judicial review was created by Chief Justice Marshall in Marbury, it also reflects widespread acceptance and application of the doctrine.
Unlike most civil law systems, common law systems follow the doctrine of stare decisis, by which most courts are bound by their own previous decisions in similar cases, and all lower courts should make decisions consistent with previous decisions of higher courts.
The reason for this difference is that these civil law jurisdictions adhere to a tradition that the reader should be able to deduce the logic from the decision and the statutes, so that, in some cases, it is somewhat difficult to apply previous decisions to the facts presented in future cases.

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