Joseph Stalin further delineated and defined dialectical and historical materialism as the world outlook of Marxism-Leninism, and as a method to study society and its history.

The dialectical aspect retains the Hegelian method within this materialist framework, and emphasizes the process of historical change arising from contradiction and class struggle based in a particular social context.

According to many Marxists influenced by Soviet Marxism, historical materialism is a specifically sociological method, while dialectical materialism refers to a more general, abstract, philosophy.

Is it true that the seven dialectical theories of method in use today, to wit, i ) the Aristotelian, 2 ) the Lullian, 3 ) the Ramistic, 4 ) the Mixt, whether indeed in the manner of Keckermann or of Alsted, 5 ) the Forensic of Hotman, 6 ) the Jesuitic, and 7 ) the Socinian, differ mostly in respect to manner of treatment, not in respect to

Like Marx, the Young Hegelians were critical of Hegel's metaphysical assumptions, but still adopted his dialectical method in order to criticise established society, politics, and religion.

Clausewitz used a dialectical method to construct his argument, leading to frequent modern misinterpretation because he explores various — often opposed — ideas before coming to conclusions.

Plato set out to instead discover episteme, or " truth ," through the dialectical method.

Not so much a philosophy or a theology as a method of learning, scholasticism places a strong emphasis on dialectical reasoning to extend knowledge by inference, and to resolve contradictions.

Because of its emphasis on rigorous dialectical method, scholasticism was eventually applied to many other fields of study.

It is a dialectical method, often involving an oppositional discussion in which the defense of one point of view is pitted against the defense of another ; one participant may lead another to contradict himself in some way, thus strengthening the inquirer's own point.

Dialectic ( also dialectics and the dialectical method ) is a method of argument for resolving disagreement that has been central to Indian and European philosophy since antiquity.

Hence, the history of the dialectical method is the history of philosophy .< ref > Cassin, Barbara ( ed.

Aristotle said that it was the pre-Socratic philosopher Zeno of Elea who invented dialectic, of which the dialogues of Plato are the examples of the Socratic dialectical method.

Thus, Euthyphro is brought to a realization by this dialectical method that his definition of piety is not sufficiently meaningful.

The concept of dialectics was given new life by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel ( following Fichte ), whose dialectically dynamic model of nature and of history made it, as it were, a fundamental aspect of the nature of reality ( instead of regarding the contradictions into which dialectics leads as a sign of the sterility of the dialectical method, as Immanuel Kant tended to do in his Critique of Pure Reason ).

According to Hegel, " dialectic " is the method by which human history unfolds ; that is to say, history progresses as a dialectical process.

In Marxism, the dialectical method of historical study became intertwined with historical materialism, the school of thought exemplified by the works of Marx, Engels, and Vladimir Lenin.

A dialectical method was fundamental to Marxist politics, e. g., the works of Karl Korsch, Georg Lukács and certain members of the Frankfurt School.

The dialectical method of truth-seeking is evident throughout the traditions of Madhyamaka, Yogacara, and Tantric Buddhism.

The dialectical method requires focus on both at the same time.

For example, the superposition principle of quantum physics can be explained using the dialectical method of thinking — likewise the example below from dialectical biology.

In the dialectical method, both have something in common, and understanding of the parts requires understanding their relationship with the whole system.

What they discuss with dialectical seriousness is the degree to which sex can inspire the Muse.

The graveness of the situation is also indicated by the dialectical style with which Malachi confronts his audience.

His thinking is often described as Hegelian because of his references to dialectical thinking but, although he probably knew Hegel, Clausewitz's dialectic is quite different and there is little reason to consider him a disciple.

The first is his dialectical thesis: " War is thus an act of force to compel our enemy to do our will.

" The second, often treated as Clausewitz's ' bottom line ,' is in fact merely his dialectical antithesis: " War is merely the continuation of policy by other means.

" The synthesis of his dialectical examination of the nature of war is his famous " trinity ," saying that war is " a fascinating trinity — composed of primordial violence, hatred, and enmity, which are to be regarded as a blind natural force ; the play of chance and probability, within which the creative spirit is free to roam ; and its element of subordination, as an instrument of policy, which makes it subject to pure reason.

Dialectics as represented in dialectical materialism is a theory of the general and abstract factors that govern the development of nature, society, and thought.

It is important to note that ' dialectical contradiction ' is not about simple ' opposites ' or ' negation '.

The philosophic solution that Lenin ( and Engels ) proposed was " dialectical materialism ", wherein matter is defined as " objective reality ", theoretically consistent with ( new ) developments occurred in the sciences.

It is the scientific conviction that dialectical materialism is the road to truth, and that its methods can be developed, expanded, and deepened, only along the lines laid down by its founders.

As did Louis Althusser, who later defined Marxism and psychoanalysis as " conflictual sciences "; that political factions and revisionism are inherent to Marxist theory and political praxis, because dialectical materialism is the philosophic product of class struggle:

Moreover, " the premise of dialectical materialism is, we recall: ' It is not men's consciousness that determines their existence, but, on the contrary, their social existence that determines their consciousness '.

B. Ruby Rich argues that women ’ s relationships with film is instead dialectical, consciously filtering the images and messages they receive through cinema, and reprocessing them to elicit their own meanings.

His dialectical success against the Buddhists is confirmed by Buddhist historian Tathagata, who reports that Kumārila defeated disciples of Buddhapalkita, Bhavya, Dharmadasa, Dignaga and others.

Thus, Boyarin has argued that " Jewishness disrupts the very categories of identity, because it is not national, not genealogical, not religious, but all of these, in dialectical tension.

Other types of dialogue in addition to persuasion are eristic, information seeking, inquiry, negotiation, deliberation, and the dialectical method ( Douglas Walton ).

It is a body of work, however, that is virtually impossible to translate, as the magic of his language is founded on the Greek diglossia: elaborately crafted, high Katharevousa for the narrative, interspersed with authentic local dialect for the dialogue, and with all dialectical elements used in the narrative formulated in strict Katharevousa, and therefore in forms that had actually never actually existed.

The exact term was not used by Marx in any of his works, and the actual presence of " dialectical materialism " within his thought remains the subject of significant controversy, particularly regarding the relationship between dialectics, ontology and nature.

For formal approaches, the core message of ' dialectical opposition / contradiction ' must be understood as ' some sense ' opposition between the objects involved in a directly associated context.

He demanded strict dialectical training as the means of distinguishing the true from the false, and asserted that logic ( or the syllogism ) furthered the knowledge of catholic verities ; ignorance of logic was the reason why men misunderstood Scripture, since men overlooked the connection – the distinction between idea and appearance.

Perhaps the contradictions of Webster's project comprised part of a larger dialectical play between liberty and order within Revolutionary and post-Revolutionary political debates.

The trade and cultural interactions between each of these Tlingit groups and their disparate neighbors, the differences in food harvest practices, and the dialectical differences contribute to these identifications, which are also supported by similar self-identifications among the Tlingit.

Hegelian dialectic, usually presented in a threefold manner, was stated by Heinrich Moritz Chalybäus as comprising three dialectical stages of development: a thesis, giving rise to its reaction, an antithesis, which contradicts or negates the thesis, and the tension between the two being resolved by means of a synthesis.

Nonetheless, Marx and Marxists developed the concept of class struggle to comprehend the dialectical contradictions between mental and manual labor, and between town and country.

This dialectical approach of Buddhism, to the elucidation and articulation of an account of the Cosmos as the truth it really is, became known as the Perfection of Wisdom and was later developed by other notable thinkers, such as Dignaga and Dharmakirti ( between 500 and 700 ).

They focus on the ( dialectical ) relationship between the " whole " ( or totality ) and the " parts.

A dialectical approach is multicausal multidirectional, integrates facts and value, rejects the idea that there are hard and fast dividing lines between social phenomena, focuses on social relations, looks not only at the present but also at the past and future, and is deeply concerned with both conflicts and contradictions.

Perhaps the contradictions of Webster's project comprised part of a larger dialectical play between liberty and order within Revolutionary and post-Revolutionary political debates.

Dialogic relations have a specific nature: they can be reduced neither to the purely logical ( even if dialectical ) nor to the purely linguistic ( compositional-syntactic ) They are possible only between complete utterances of various speaking subjects ... Where there is no word and no language, there can be no dialogic relations ; they cannot exist among objects or logical quantities ( concepts, judgments, and so forth ).

His thought was influential in the development of dialectical materialism, where he is often recognized as a bridge between Hegel and Marx.

Surplus-value is not a fixed category but a dialectical, developing one, because the forms in which new value is created and appropriated, and the way the burdens of productive work are shifted between strata of the population, change over time.

The use of such a dialectical method can be traced back to the philosophy of Hegel, who conceived dialectic as the tendency of a notion to pass over into its own negation as the result of conflict between its inherent contradictory aspects.

Perhaps the contradictions of Webster's project comprised part of a larger dialectical play between liberty and order within Revolutionary and post-Revolutionary political debates.

* Marxist: Marxism presents a dialectical and materialist concept of history ; Humankind's history is a fundamental struggle between social classes.

Giddens calls this two-tiered, interpretive and dialectical relationship between social scientific knowledge and human practices the " double hermeneutic ".

The sociology of religion concerns the dialectical relationship between religion and society ; the practices, historical backgrounds, developments, universal themes and roles of religion in society.

They are: ( 1 ) the replacement of mechanism and atomism with Aristotelean categories of organicism and essentialism, ( 2 ) the idea that world history progresses through stages, ( 3 ) the difference between natural and historical ( dialectical ) change, and ( 4 ) the idea that dialectical change proceeds through contradictions in the thing itself.

Marxist Georg Lukács would also criticize, in his book History and Class Consciousness ( 1923 ), the Kantian abandon of knowledge of the concrete totality: according to Lukács, Kant's distinction between noumenons and phenomena lead to the abandonment of the knowledge of the historical process, which could be only apprehended, in his eyes, by dialectical materialism.

Althusser, for example, considered the " epistemological break " ( separating protosciences from sciences ) to apply itself to philosophy itself: the discovery by Marx of a new " continent " of knowledge, History, provided the epistemological break between ancient metaphysics and modern dialectical materialism.