Some of the suspicions about hidden weaknesses in the S-boxes were allayed in 1990, with the independent discovery and open publication by Eli Biham and Adi Shamir of differential cryptanalysis, a general method for breaking block ciphers.

Edelman was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1972 for his work in immunology showing how the population of lymphocytes capable of binding to a foreign antigen is increased by differential clonal multiplication following antigen discovery.

This reduces the equations of motion to a finite number of coupled differential equations and has led to the discovery of many solutions .< ref > B.

He is particularly known in the discovery of the principles of differential calculus and its application to astronomical problems and computations.

Important work included development of the walking-stalk skin graft, and the discovery that immersion in saline promoted healing as well as improving survival rates for victims with extensive burns-this was a serendipitous discovery drawn from observation of differential healing rates in pilots who had come down on land and in the sea.

The cipher is susceptible to various forms of cryptanalysis, and has acted as a catalyst in the discovery of differential and linear cryptanalysis.

This special role has led to the discovery of close connections to a diversity of other fields, such as knot theory, geometric group theory, hyperbolic geometry, number theory, Teichmüller theory, topological quantum field theory, gauge theory, Floer homology, and partial differential equations.

Kruskal's most widely known work was the discovery in the 1960s of the integrability of certain nonlinear partial differential equations involving functions of one spatial variable as well as time.

A resurgence of interest in classical integrable systems came with the discovery, in the late 1960s, that solitons, which are strongly stable, localized solutions of partial differential equations like the Korteweg – de Vries equation ( which describes 1-dimensional non-dissipative fluid dynamics in shallow basins ), could be understood by viewing these equations as infinite dimensional integrable

His discovery of the infectious agent of paratyphoid C had far-reaching consequences for differential diagnosis.

Although certainly not as complex or secure as modern computer operated stream ciphers or block ciphers, in practice messages protected by it resisted all attempts at cryptanalysis by at least NSA from its discovery in 1953 until Häyhänen's defection in 1957.

An operational approach to sociology can never expect abstract certainty, since it is certainty which every new discovery in science either replaces or reshapes.

Whosever fault, it is evident that Brumidi intended to fill out the whole frieze with his `` histories '' and come full circle with the scene of the discovery of California gold.

A year and a day of this idyll is described for the reader, one in which not only discovery of a new world of personality is charted, but self-discovery as well.

a discovery are also high ) and effect size ( when the effect is

A less confrontational vision of scientific discovery is proposed by Adloff He suggests that hindsight criticism of the early publications should be mitigated by the nascent state of radiochemistry, highlights the prudence of Debierne's claims in the original papers, and notes that nobody can contend that Debierne's substance did not contain actinium.

The true beginning of atomic physics is marked by the discovery of spectral lines and attempts to describe the phenomenon, most notably by Joseph von Fraunhofer.

Hunley is raised to the surface after 136 years on the ocean floor and 30 years after its discovery by undersea explorer E. Lee Spence and 5 years after being filmed by a dive team funded by novelist Clive Cussler.

" Eleanor Audeley ", wife of Sir John Davies, is said to have been brought before the High Commission in 1634 for extravagances, stimulated by the discovery that her name could be transposed to " Reveale, O Daniel ", and to have been laughed out of court by another anagram submitted by Sir John Lambe, the dean of the Arches, " Dame Eleanor Davies ", " Never soe mad a ladie ".

Galileo announced his discovery that Venus had phases like the Moon in the form " Haec immatura a me iam frustra leguntur-oy " ( Latin: These immature ones have already been read in vain by me-oy ), that is, when rearranged, " Cynthiae figuras aemulatur Mater Amorum " ( Latin: The Mother of Loves Venus imitates the figures of Cynthia the moon ).

In September of 1820, Ampère ’ s friend and eventual eulogist François Arago showed the members of the French Academy of Sciences the surprising discovery of Danish physicist Hans Christian Ørsted that a magnetic needle is deflected by an adjacent electric current.

Since the first discovery in 1884, fossils of more than thirty individuals have been recovered, providing scientists with a more detailed knowledge of Albertosaurus anatomy than is available for most other tyrannosaurids.

* 1943 – World War II: The discovery of a mass grave of Polish prisoners of war killed by Soviet forces in the Katyń Forest Massacre is announced, causing a diplomatic rift between the Polish government in exile in London from the Soviet Union, which denies responsibility.

He is credited with the discovery of the element arsenic and experimented with photosensitive chemicals, including silver nitrate.

One strategy to address bacterial drug resistance is the discovery and application of compounds that modify resistance to common antibacterials.

" It is highly probable that the correct information about the sulphonamide did not reach the newspapers because, since the original sulphonamide antibacterial, Prontosil, had been a discovery by the German laboratory Bayer, and as Britain was at war with Germany at the time, it was thought better to raise British morale by associating Churchill's cure with the British discovery, penicillin.

His discovery of penicillin had changed the world of modern medicine by introducing the age of useful antibiotics ; penicillin has saved, and is still saving, millions of people around the world.

However the exact relationship of the term Ahhiyawa to the Achaeans beyond a similarity in pronunciation is hotly debated by scholars, even following the discovery that Mycenaean Linear B is an early form of Greek ; the earlier debate was summed up in 1984 by Hans G. Güterbock of the Oriental Institute.

One of his most celebrated achievements is the discovery of the first arithmetic Weil cohomology theory: the ℓ-adic étale cohomology.

Analytical chemistry plays an increasingly important role in the pharmaceutical industry where, aside from QA, it is used in discovery of new drug candidates and in clinical applications where understanding the interactions between the drug and the patient are critical.

Most cases that go to trial are carefully prepared through a discovery process that aids in the review of evidence and testimony before it is presented to judge or jury.

However, there is no record of this incident in Bradley's own account of the discovery, and it may therefore be apocryphal.

The discovery and elucidation of aberration is now regarded as a classic case of the application of scientific method, in which observations are made to test a theory, but unexpected results are sometimes obtained that in turn lead to new discoveries.

Historians generally credit João Faras-astronomer and physician of King Manuel I of Portugal who accompanied Pedro Álvares Cabral in the discovery of Brazil in 1500-for being the first European to depict it correctly.

The elements are listed generally in the order in which each was first defined as the pure element, as the exact date of discovery of most elements cannot be accurately defined.

While this may result in some loss of specificity, the remaining element value ( without the qualifier ) should continue to be generally correct and useful for discovery.

This discovery was confirmed, and is generally considered to be the first definitive detection of exoplanets.

The discovery of short runic inscriptions on a great number of articles for common personal use proves that the knowledge and use of the runic script was generally spread among the old Turkic tribes.

In 1938, during a nuclear experiment conducted at Ohio State University, a few radioactive nuclides were produced that certainly were not radioisotopes of neodymium or samarium, but there was a lack of chemical proof that element 61 was produced, and the discovery was not generally recognized.

The main research task, then, is generally considered to be the discovery of associations between scores, and of factors posited to underlie such associations.

It was a discovery that nature generally acts regularly enough to be described by laws and even by mathematics ; and required invention to devise the techniques, abstractions, apparatus, and organization for exhibiting the regularities and securing their law-like descriptions.

The discovery is generally accepted as genuine, though some doubting voices have been raised.

" Historian Geoffrey Blainey wrote that the material standard of living for Aborigines was generally high, higher than that of many Europeans living at the time of the Dutch discovery of Australia.

He generally receives credit for his discovery of the centrifugal force, the laws for collision of bodies, for his role in the development of modern calculus and his original observations on sound perception ( see repetition pitch ).

There are two threads in the history of finite simple groups – the discovery and construction of specific simple groups and families, which took place from the work of Galois in the 1820s to the construction of the Monster in 1981 ; and proof that this list was complete, which began in the 19th century, most significantly took place 1955 through 1983 ( when victory was initially declared ), but was only generally agreed to be finished in 2004., work on improving the proofs and understanding continues ; see for 19th century history of simple groups.

After the discovery of radioactivity by Henri Becquerel in 1896, it was generally believed that atmospheric electricity, ionization of the air, was caused only by radiation from radioactive elements in the ground or the radioactive gases or isotopes of radon they produce.

The charmingly vague adjective psychogeographical can be applied to the findings arrived at by this type of investigation, to their influence on human feelings, and more generally to any situation or conduct that seems to reflect the same spirit of discovery.

Typically, state trial courts of limited jurisdiction have generally similar rules to state trial courts of general jurisdiction, but stripped of rules applicable to special cases like class actions and most pre-trial procedures ( such as non-court ordered discovery ).

It is generally considered that most, if not all, species of moa died out due to over-hunting by the Māori, by 1400AD, and habitat decline before European discovery and settlement.

Michael Faraday is generally credited with the discovery of induction in 1831 though it may have been anticipated by the work of Francesco Zantedeschi in 1829.

The practice of bonsai is sometimes confused with dwarfing, but dwarfing generally refers to research, discovery, or creation of plant cultivars that are permanent, genetic miniatures of existing species.

The first discovery of the diffuse nebulous nature of the Orion Nebula is generally credited to French astronomer Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, on 26 November 1610 when he made a record of observing it with a refracting telescope purchased by his patron Guillaume du Vair.

The discovery that the poet had printed secretly 1500 copies of The Patriot King, caused him to publish a correct version in 1749, and stirred up a further altercation with Warburton, who defended his friend against Bolingbroke's bitter aspersions, the latter, whose conduct was generally reprehended, publishing a Familiar Epistle to the most Impudent Man Living.

Culturally, the city can be considered almost entirely European influenced, in part because of Spanish immigration soon after Costa Rica's discovery by Christopher Columbus, and the privileged classes which generally studied in Europe during the nineteenth century and early twentieth century.

The discovery of the rotating magnetic field is generally attributed to two inventors, the Italian physicist and electrical engineer Galileo Ferraris, and the Austrian / Serbian inventor and electrical engineer Nikola Tesla.

It is generally attributed to Thales, who is said to have sacrificed an ox in honor of the discovery, but sometimes it is attributed to Pythagoras.

Neuropsychology is a relatively new discipline within the field of psychology, however, the history of its discovery can be traced all the way back to the Third Dynasty in ancient Egypt – perhaps even earlier There is much debate in regards to when people started seriously looking at the functions of different organs, but it has been determined that for many centuries, the brain was looked upon as a useless organ and was generally discarded during burial processes and autopsies.